湘军与晚清西北茶务的改良

以左宗棠为首的湘军势力在镇压西北回民起义后,为了激活西北社会的经济,对西北茶务进行了行之有效的改良,本文以湘军任命左宗棠及其后继者对西北茶务的改革与调适,进而探讨其对西北茶务的影响。     

左宗棠的西北禁烟思想及其实践

西北回民起义结束后,西北各地鸦片种植泛滥,严重影响社会经济的恢复和发展,而且对于西北的社会风化构成很大的威胁。为此,左宗棠基于鸦片对西北社会危害的深入分析,采取了严厉禁烟的举措,遏制了当时鸦片种植泛滥的趋势。但是由于政策缺乏连续性和地方官员的奉行不力,西北的鸦片种植仍然未能根本杜绝。本文拟以左宗棠的西北禁烟思想和实践为中心,对其掌控西北政坛时期的一系列禁烟活动进行了较为详细的述论。     

稳定政策大力发展边境贸易

近两年来,中越边境贸易发展迅猛.1988年越南边民进入广西7个县市贸易点经商互市买卖人数已达75万多人次.比五十年代最高年,还超出25万人.中越成交额据不完全统计1988、1989年每年已近亿元,其中凭祥市则占5000多万元.可是,1990年4月以来,情况有所变化,进入贸易点人数渐少,商品交换日益萧条.为了使今后中越边贸更好地恢复健康发展起来,促进我边贸生产建设大发展,民族经济大繁荣,人民生活不断提高,有必要对这个问题进行探讨.一、发展边境贸易,繁荣民族经济     

左宗棠的"善后"措施与马安良——兼论对西道堂的影响

马安良是清末民初时称霸西北的回族军阀,建立了一支可以左右甘肃政局的军事力量。马安良势力,发迹于同治年间甘肃回族起义,由此而经历了一个逐渐壮大、称霸的过程。在这其中,清政府负责镇压回族起义的大臣左宗棠的善后措施,从客观上给予马安良以有力的扶持,对其后期的称霸起到了决定性的作用。作为西北回族中一支重要的宗教和经济力量,西道堂的历史也因此而受到了深刻的影响。     

左宗棠在西北的有关经济政策对兰州机器织呢局的影响

一八八○年九月、左宗棠在兰州创办了中国近代第一个采用机器生产的毛纺厂——兰州织呢局。在畜牧业素称发达的甘肃,利用当地的羊毛资源,采用近代机器兴办织呢工业,应该是很有发展前途的。因此,几十年后还有人称赞说:左宗棠创办机器织呢局,“可谓得提倡甘肃工业之要领”。然而,兰州织呢局开办后仅仅四年便夭折了,宛若一颗流星,在人们眼前一掠而过便消逝在茫茫的夜空里,给人们留下一连串的问号和叹息。百余年来,人们在探索兰州织呢局昙花一现的原因时,曾提出不少精僻的见解,但还未见有人注意到左宗棠在西北的有关社会经济政策对织呢局的影响。本文拟在这方面提出一些不成熟的看法,就教于同志们。     

《教民歌》与左宗棠湘军集团的陕甘善后政策

陕甘事变善后过程中,署甘肃静宁州知州余泽春,邀好友周汉作《教民歌》讽劝下层民众,以助益地方社会秩序重建与社会经济恢复。周汉依康熙《圣谕十六条》为蓝本,针对地方社会现实,略作权益变通,以学做好人为主旨,以敦孝弟为纲,阐发崇正禁非、重农尚俭、和息睦邻等内容。歌谣语言浅显易懂,可谓左宗棠湘军集团陕甘善后政策的通俗读本。这对于从新的角度理解左宗棠农为国本与经正民兴并张的教养合一政策、整饬吏治与视民如伤相合的安邦济民政策、回汉辑睦与同我华风的兴教劝学政策,以及蕴涵其中“道、学、治统一”的湖湘经世派文化特色与左宗棠湘军集团善后措施的整体性,具有重要意义。     

努力构筑渝鄂湘黔边贸经济高地

近年来,秀山县立足县情,充分利用突出的区位优势和丰富而独特的资源优势,不断优化边贸经济发展环境,加强市场培育,搞活商贸流通,非公有制经济迅猛发展,大边贸大开放格局正在形成。新一届县四大班子在党的十六大精神指引下,团结和带领全县60万各族人民,意气风发,乘势而上,努力构筑渝鄂湘黔边贸经济高地。秀山县位于渝、鄂、湘、黔四省(市)边区结合部,省际边界长达321公里,边界集镇6个,边境贸易历史悠久,形式多样,交易活跃,区位优势突出,是渝东南的“门户”,是国道319线在重庆境内的端点和国道326线的起点,渝怀铁路在该县内设立区段站,贯穿全…     

中国-东盟自由贸易区对我国西南少数民族——以云南省勐腊县为例

本文以云南省勐腊县为例,从经济增长、产业结构调整、社会基础设施完善、贫困人口观念改变等方面对中国-东盟自由贸易区对西南少数民族地区边贸县的减贫影响进行了个案分析.得出:贸易自由化对本身很贫困却拥有区域和资源优势的少数民族边境地区,具有明显的减贫作用.     

北宋神哲时期对西北蕃部的民族立法

宋神宗、哲宗时期.随着熙宁、绍圣的开边拓土,蕃汉民族交往日益增加.土地关系、民族关系以及新旧归附区社会稳定等诸多新问题接踵而至.为了保障西北边疆政策的顺利贯彻,政府强调运用法律手段加强对西北蕃部的治理,先后制定了一系列针对西北蕃部各族的民族法律法规.它的制定、颁布和实施.对于处理西北边地各族矛盾和纠纷、打击西北缘边各种违法犯罪活动.促进西北蕃部民族稳定和社会发展起了重要作用.     

八省区经济暨报刊会在内蒙古举行

由国家民委民族问题研究中心和内蒙古经济研究中心联合倡议召开的少数民族八省区经济发展战略研讨暨经济报刊协作会议,于今年9月在内蒙古东胜市举行。与会者就如何调整国家与民族地区的经济关系,如何多快好省地开发利用民族地区资源,开展与内地、沿海地区的双向开放,扩大西北地区的边贸规模,以及建立八省区经济及报刊网络,相互交流等问题进行了讨论。会议     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.