我国居民初婚前同居状况及影响因素分析

文章分析2014年中国家庭追踪调查数据,考察我国男性与女性初婚前同居的状况及其影响因素.结果表明,我国居民中具有初婚前同居经历的比例约为10%,且这一比例在较年轻的群体中更高.在最近结婚的人群当中,同居比例达到1/3以上.根据发展范式这一理论框架,结合我国的社会情境,文章提出,人们观念的改变与制度的变化是造成我国同居比例上升最主要的推动力.多元回归分析的结果表明,出生世代、教育程度、城市生活经历、流动经历、党员身份和居住地经济发展水平这些因素,对我国居民是否具有初婚前同居的经历均有着显著的影响.文章对同居的分析能够帮助我们更好地理解当前我国初婚年龄的推迟等婚姻与家庭领域中发生的变化.     

婚前同居与初婚离婚风险——基于CFPS2010数据的分析

文章基于"中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2010"中的成人问卷数据库,采用Cox比例风险回归模型分析了婚前同居对初婚离婚的影响.在控制住其它影响因素后,研究发现无论男女,婚前同居都将提高离婚风险,这一结果与欧美现有的实证研究结果是一致的.没有婚前同居行为的男性离婚的发生倍率是有过婚前同居行为的0.437倍,没有婚前同居行为的女性离婚的发生倍率是有过婚前同居行为的0.653倍.这主要是由婚前同居者的选择效应与较低的婚姻质量共同造成的.     

婚前同居对初婚年龄的影响研究——基于Heckman二阶段模型的分析

在现代社会中,初婚年龄持续攀升,婚前同居现象越来越多地出现。那么婚前同居与初婚年龄之间有没有关系?本文基于婚前同居对离婚影响的选择假说与经历假说进一步探讨两种假说与初婚年龄之间的关系。选择假说认为同居者自身特征促使他们追求思想解放,消极地影响着婚姻稳定性,因此与其同居伴侣之间并不想建立一个长期的契约。由此推测这些积极影响同居的特征因素会给结婚带来消极影响,婚前同居就会推延初婚年龄;经历假说认为共同生活的经历将会改变同居者对婚姻的认识,他们不再强烈地致力于追求婚姻的身份。他们将会接受婚前同居这种暂时性的本质。很多夫妇认为同居提供了一个婚姻的替代品,结婚的欲望由此下降。因此这也将推延初婚年龄。除两个假说外,同居者想要通过同居搜集更多对方的信息,这种想要更多地了解对方的想法也将推延初婚年龄。在理论分析的基础上,本文基于2010年CFPS抽样调查数据,采用Heckman二阶段模型纠正婚前同居的自选择性带来的偏误并检验婚前同居推延初婚年龄的研究假设。研究结果发现婚前同居使女性与男性的初婚年龄分别推迟了0.415岁与0.868岁。在控制婚前同居的自选择性后,婚前同居对女性与男性初婚年龄的影响仍然很...     

中国老年人口同居问题研究

随着人口老龄化程度的加深,老年同居现象越来越普遍。但老年同居与青年、中年同居不同,在老年单身男性和女性中,低收入人群的同居发生比高于高收入人群。在城镇化与迁居化的影响下,老年人口在"空巢"之后的独居,必然产生照料需求。在这种情况下,老年单身男性"需要照料"的人群同居发生比较高;老年单身女性中,农业户籍比非农户籍的同居发生比高。另外,老年单身男性的成年儿子越多,越易于形成同居格局;老年单身女性的成年女儿越多,形成同居格局的概率越低。     

对"溺婴"的人口社会学分析

文章通过对溺婴行为的界定分析了溺婴的原因及产生的社会后果,并对如何抑制这种现象作了进一步的探讨。     

文化、人口文化与民族人口文化研究刍论

文章在对文化的字源、字义及其定义概述的基础上,对文化的自定义进行了分析;相继对人口文化的概念种类进行了总结,对人口文化作了简要的界定。基于两个概念讨论的基础．具体分析了民族人口文化研究的必要性和意义、内容、方法选择与重点难点,其中尤为对民族人口文化研究应注意的“五个结合”进行了论述．旨在服务于当代先进人口文化建设并促进人口文化事业向前发展。     

中国的初婚前同居状况及其对婚育轨迹的影响

利用2016年中国家庭追踪调查数据,借助生存分析方法研究中国初婚前同居模式及其对个体婚姻和生育行为的影响。结果显示,虽然初婚前同居较快转变为初婚,但仍起到婚姻推迟作用,且对男性影响更大。在利用倾向值匹配控制选择性后,初婚前同居依旧推迟男性初婚,但对女性的影响变得不再显著。随着出生队列的推移,初婚前同居的婚姻进度效应发生了大小和方向上的变化,体现了初婚前同居影响的异质性。虽然婚姻和生育依旧联系密切,但有过初婚前同居经历的女性初婚初育间隔更大,并且不会因为晚婚而加快生育进度。这些结论反映了中国婚姻家庭领域现代性和传统性并存的特点,能为第二次人口转变背景下中国婚姻家庭领域公共政策的完善提供参考信息。     

浙江临安市生育文化变迁的调查与研究--关于浙江省临安市5561对双农独女户的调查与分析

本文通过走访、座谈和问卷调查等方式对临安市的生育文化变迁作了深入的研究。首先对临安生育文化变迁的现象进行了描述,然后,从经济、文化、社会等多角度对临安生育文化变迁的原因进行了宏观和微观的分析;最后,我们从社会保障、独生子女优惠措施的落实、计划生育工作等方面对临安生育文化建设提出了一些建议。     

就业市场文凭贬值的经济学分析

本文运用经济学有关原理对现在就业市场上的文凭贬值现象作了简要分析,指出文凭贬值现象的背后是就业市场的信号在一定程度上的失灵,对失灵的原因作了分析,并提出一些改善就业市场状况的建议。     

浙江临安市生育文化变迁的调查与研究——关于浙江省临安市5561对双农儿女户的调查与分析

本文通过走访、座谈和问卷调查等方式对临安市的生育文化变迁作了深入的研究。首先对临安生育文化变迁的现象进行了描述，然后，从经济、文化、社会等多角度对临安生育文化变迁的原因进行了宏观和微观的分析；最后，我们从社会保障、独生子女优惠措施的落实、计划生育工作等方面对临安生育文化建设提出了一些建议。     

The quality of retrospective data on Cohabitation

We assess the quality of retrospective data on cohabitation by comparing data collected in four major U.S. family surveys: the National Survey of Families and Households and three rounds of the National Survey of Family Growth. We use event-history analysis to analyze rates of entry into cohabitation in age-period-cohort segments captured by multiple surveys. We find consistent discrepancies among the four surveys. The pattern of differences suggests that cohabitation histories underestimate cohabitation rates in distant periods relative to rates estimated closer to the date of survey. We conclude with cautions regarding the use of retrospective data on cohabitation.     

The educational gradient of childbearing within cohabitation in Europe

Nearly every European Country has experienced some increase in nonmarital childbearing, largely due to increasing births within cohabitation. Relatively few studies in Europe, however, investigate the educational gradient of childbearing within cohabitation or how it changed over time. Using retrospective union and fertility histories, we employ competing risk hazard models to examine the educational gradient of childbearing in cohabitation in eight countries across europe. In all countries studied, birth risks within cohabitation demonstrated a negative educational gradient. When directly comparing cohabiting fertility with marital fertility, the negative educational gradient persists in all countries except Italy, although differences were not significant in Austria, France, and West Germany. To explain these findings, we present an alternative explanation for the increase in childbearing within cohabitation that goes beyond the explanation of the Second Demographic Transition and provides a new interpretation of the underlying mechanisms that may influence childbearing within cohabitation.     

Dissolution of premarital cohabitation in Canada

The rapid increase in the number of unmarried cohabiting couples, indicated by recent evidence, is crucial to our understanding of changing marriage patterns. The levels and patterns of entry into cohabitation have been well documented over the last two decades. but little is known about the outcomes of nonmarital cohabitation. In this study we examine two competing outcomes of cohabitation relationships: union separation and legalization of the union through marriage. Our results show that the hazard rate of union dissolution is affected particularly by gender, fertility status, partner’s marital status, religion, age at start of cohabitation, year cohabitation commenced, and region.     

How Similar Are Cohabitation and Marriage? Legal Approaches to Cohabitation across Western Europe

Although cohabitation and childbearing within cohabitation have increased in Europe over recent decades, the variation across Europe remains remarkably wide. Most studies on union formation have not explicitly addressed the role of state policies in the development of cohabitation or discussed how countries have responded to changes in union formation by passing legislation. Here we discuss historical and theoretical issues relevant to the relationship between state policies and union formation and describe policies relating to cohabitation and marriage in nine Western European countries. Drawing on secondary sources and legal documents, we examine the quantity of regulations that mention cohabitation and the approach to cohabitation in 19 policy dimensions. We then place the countries along a continuum, from those that have equalized cohabitation and marriage to those that only regulate marriage. As a whole, this overview raises questions about the changing institution of marriage, as well as the increasing institutionalization of cohabitation.     

Strategic non-marital cohabitation: theory and empirical implications

Non-marital cohabitation is a rapidly growing global phenomenon. Prior literature examines the puzzling empirical regularity that premarital cohabitation is associated with higher divorce rates. Since cohabitation should yield improved match-quality information, one might expect the opposite. This result, and its recent weakening, have been explored empirically and produced theoretically using matching models. In this paper, we develop an intra-household bargaining model of alternative dating and cohabitation paths to marriage in which higher relationship exit costs for cohabitors relative to daters generates the observed higher divorce rate. We also show that asymmetric exit costs can produce rejection and generate exits that would not otherwise occur. In addition, we show that even when cohabitors have lower average marriage quality, expected utility for a given match quality is higher, and some utility enhancing marriages that would not have taken place without cohabitation will occur in its presence.     

Subjective Well-being and Partnership Dynamics: Are Same-Sex Relationships Different?

We analyze Dutch panel data to investigate whether partnership has a causal effect on subjective well-being. As in previous studies, we find that, on average, being in a partnership improves well-being. Well-being gains of marriage are larger than those of cohabitation. The well-being effects of partnership formation and disruption are symmetric. We also find that marriage improves well-being for both younger and older cohorts, whereas cohabitation benefits only the younger cohort. Our main contribution to the literature is on well-being effects of same-sex partnerships. We find that these effects are homogeneous to sexual orientation. Gender differences exist in the well-being effects of same-sex partnerships: females are happier cohabiting, whereas marriage has a stronger well-being effect on males.     

Welfare, work, and changes in mothers’ living arrangements in low-income families

Data from a two-wave survey of low-income families in Boston, Chicago, and San Antonio are used to replicate recent reports of a modest increase in the number of low-income children living in two-adult families and to analyze the increase. We find that most of the increase occurred through the addition of a man other than the biological father to the household and that more of it occurred through cohabitation than through marriage. Moreover, across the two waves, cohabiting and marital unions were highly unstable. We review research on stepfamilies and on instability in children’s living arrangements, and we conclude that the kinds of two-adult families being formed in these low-income central-city neighborhoods may not benefit children as much as policy-makers hope. In addition, we investigate the associations between marital and cohabiting transitions, on the one hand, and transitions into and out of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) receipt, employment, and Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) usage between the two waves on the other. We find that marital transitions are related to TANF and employment transitions but that cohabiting transitions are not. We suggest that low-income mothers may view marriage as more of an economic partnership than cohabitation and may expect more of an economic contribution from a husband than from a cohabiting partner.     

How well can we track cohabitation using the SIPP? A consideration of direct and inferred measures

Cohabitation is an alternative to marriage and to living independently for an increasing number of Americans. Still, research that explores links between living arrangements and economic behavior is limited by a lack of data that explicitly identify cohabiting couples. To aid researchers in using the Survey of Income and Program Participation's (SIPP) rich data to explore cohabitation issues, we consider direct and inferred measures of cohabitation. We find, first, that the use of inferred definitions (relative to direct measures) in the SIPP is likely to yield higher cohabitation rates in the United States by incorrectly coding roommates as cohabitors. Second, the SIPP (whether by direct or inferred measures) counts a significantly larger number of cohabiting couples than the widely used Current Population Survey (CPS). Third, spells of cohabitation occur less frequently and last longer when a direct measure of cohabitation is used than when either of the two inferred measures of cohabitation is used; ours is the first article to reveal this result.