论高校辅导员队伍激励机制的构建——基于××大学问卷调查的实证分析

高校辅导员是高校日常管理工作最直接的实施者,是高校思想政治教育工作的主力军。随着高校改革的不断深化,高校辅导员队伍出现了诸多问题,而职业倦怠则是集中反映。解决这些问题应明确高校辅导员的职业地位,完善培训体系,健全绩效考核制度,构建科学合理的高校辅导员激励机制,以建设一支政治合格、业务精良的高校辅导员队伍。     

基于自我效能感的辅导员职业倦怠研究

目前高校辅导员的职业倦怠现象已经成为阻碍高校思想政治教育工作和辅导员队伍建设进一步发展的重要因素。职业倦怠与自我效能感是互成因果的链接,在辅导员自身发展过程中,职业倦怠和自我效能相互影响。借鉴自我效能理论对辅导员职业倦怠进行干预,通过从个体创新学生工作模式、提升职业幸福感和构建社会支持体系、辅导员发展共同体可有效解决辅导员的心理困惑,培养和提升辅导员工作的自我效能感。     

高校辅导员职业倦怠及其调适

本文着眼于高校辅导员职业倦怠问题,探讨高校辅导员职业倦怠的表现及影响、产生的原因以及调适策略。     

基于积极心理学视野的高校辅导员职业倦怠研究

职业倦怠现象已成为影响高校辅导员身心健康、工作效率的重要因素,进而影响高校思想政治教育工作的开展。根据对高校辅导员职业倦怠原因的分析,利用积极心理学的理念来帮助解决辅导员职业倦怠问题有着重要的意义,主要可以从引导辅导员构建积极人格、促进辅导员体验积极情绪、建立积极的辅导员工作制度、为辅导员创造积极的工作环境等方面入手。     

高校教师“去倦怠”研究——以辅导员为例

高校辅导员被认为是高强度、高压力职业,容易产生职业倦怠感。去除高校辅导员职业倦怠,对于增强高校教育能力、提升大学生思想品德、促进辅导员身心健康等具有重要的现实意义。文章分析了导致高校辅导员职业倦怠的成因,并提出了对策建议。     

基于组织生涯管理理论的高校辅导员职业倦怠应对研究

存在于部分高校辅导员中的职业倦怠现象,对辅导员的身心健康和个人成长,对高校的思想教育工作产生着不良影响.文章对高校辅导员产生职业倦怠的组织原因进行了分析,并提出缓解职业倦怠的高校组织生涯管理对策,包括辅导员职业化建设、明确工作职责、设计合理考评和薪酬体系、给予人际支持、建立培训体系等组织支持措施.     

路径依赖理论：高校辅导员职业倦怠的组织因素与对策

在诠释高校辅导员职业倦怠的涵义和危害的基础上,立足于路径依赖理论,探寻高校辅导员职业倦怠产生的组织因素,主要表现为学校传统文化教育伦理观影响、传统权威主义文化心理的影响、＂坐班制＂的影响、辅导员角色定位的冲突与模糊、缺乏有效的绩效考核和激励措施。而重构现时代健康的校园文化、汇集辅导员的智慧与能力,使其参与管理、采取激励政策,调动辅导员的激情则是消除高效辅导员职业倦怠的组织对策。     

高校辅导员队伍专业化建设的思考

专业化是加强辅导员队伍建设的方向.目前辅导员队伍建设存在辅导员队伍专业化程度低、职责不明确、队伍不稳定等问题,针对这些实际问题,我们应从完善准入制度、明确职能定位等方面促进辅导员队伍的专业化建设.     

高校辅导员在大学生违纪过程中的角色冲突研究——基于学生管理法治化的视角

角色冲突是造成高校辅导员职业倦怠的原因之一。在此主要探讨大学生的违纪行为和原因及大学生违纪过程中辅导员角色冲突的表现,提出了辅导员角色冲突的调适对策。     

高校研究生辅导员队伍建设的整体性思考

研究生辅导员是高校辅导员队伍的重要组成部分,加强其队伍建设是一项极为紧迫的重要任务。梳理了当前研究生辅导员队伍建设中存在的主要问题,对其进行了整体性的思考并提出相应的建议。     

Occupational conditions,self-care,and obesity among clergy in the United States

Prior research has shown that a variety of occupational conditions such as long work hours are associated with increased likelihood of obesity. In this study, we use the specific case of the clergy to explore how occupational conditions are linked to increased or decreased odds of being obese. We hypothesize that stressful conditions are associated with increased odds of obesity and that self-care practices are associated with decreased odds. Using the 2008/9 U.S. Congregational Life Survey’s national sample of clergy from multiple religious traditions, we find support for our hypotheses. Clergy who experience more stress, work more hours, or are bi-vocational have higher odds of obesity. Those who take a day off each week, have taken a sabbatical, or are involved in a support group experience lower odds. For Protestant clergy, being involved in a support group or taking a day off moderates the association between certain stressful occupational conditions and obesity.     

Trends in the relative occupational status of African Americans and European immigrants in Northern cities, 1880–1970

In his classic book, A Piece of the Pie, Stanley Lieberson described divergent trends in occupational standing for African Americans and European immigrants after 1920, as the Great Migration from the South swelled the size of the black population in northern cities. In this paper I build upon Lieberson’s work using longitudinal data drawn from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series for the census years 1880–1970. This more versatile data source allows me to examine separate occupational trends for northern-born blacks and southern-born migrants and to control for relevant socio-demographic characteristics. The findings confirm Lieberson’s general conclusion that blacks lost ground, occupationally, to immigrants after 1920. However, they show further that: (1) northern- and southern-born blacks experienced different trends in relative occupational standing after 1920, (2) that these different trends were due largely to compositional differences between the two groups of northern blacks, especially educational differences, and (3) that blacks were generally less successful than immigrants at translating additional educational attainment into improved occupational status, with southern migrants experiencing the weakest occupational returns to education. It is concluded that compositional differences and a racially-defined occupational queue were the most important factors shaping group differences and trends in occupational standing between 1920 and 1970. Timing of arrival in the northern industrial economy and a response by whites to the “racial threat” from a growing black population were less important.     

关于中学教师职业态度的现状调查与对策分析

通过对包头市四所中学教师的抽样调查,中学教师的职业角色意识参差不齐,职业态度和角色认知也不很令人满意。需要转变教师职业意识,优化教师外部环境,制定完善的管理制度,加强教师自身修养。     

Do females necessarily have the same occupational status scores as males? A conceptual and empirical examination of the Duncan Socioeconomic Status Index and Nam-Powers Occupational Status Scores

Social Science researchers have advanced important yet somewhat contradictory conclusions regarding the different economic and occupational reward structures faced by men and women. Income and wage differences between men and women have been shown to be sizable and persistent throughout the occupational hierarchy. Conversely, gender differences in occupational status, commonly scaled by the Duncan Socioeconomic Index, have been shown to be small or nonexistent in most studies. In an attempt to investigate this incongruity, the present study undertakes a comparison of the Duncan SEI and the Nam-Powers Occupational Status Scores in an empirical study of the occupational position of white men and women in 65 large standard metropolitan statistical areas (SMSAs) in 1970. While the findings of earlier studies showing no gender differences in occupational status are for the most part replicated using the Duncan SEI, use of the Nam-Powers scores prompts a much different conclusion. Large status differences between men and women are indicated using this latter scale, differences which are very much in line with income differences commonly cited. We suggest that the Nam-Powers metric should be used instead of the Duncan SEI in studies of occupational status of women and men.     

Occupational status benefits of studying abroad and the role of occupational specificity – A propensity score matching approach

Occupational status benefits of student mobility remain uncertain, despite increasing interest in the implications of international student mobility for the reproduction of societal inequality. Since mobile young people are a selective group in terms of socio-economic and achievement-oriented factors, we apply propensity score techniques to test whether German higher education graduates who did or did not study abroad differ in occupational status (based on the Socio-Economic Index of Occupational Status) three years after graduation. Analyses are based on multi-cohort representative data of the German population (Working and Learning in a Changing World). Results confirm a positively biased effect of mobility on early career occupational status driven by compositional differences. Subgroup analyses show that even when accounting for this bias, occupational status returns to mobility are positive for those graduating in occupationally unspecific fields of study. There are no returns for those graduating in occupationally specific fields of study. Findings also suggest that the effect of studying abroad is not homogeneous across the study population. Individuals less likely to study abroad are at the same time more likely to reap the occupational benefits from this experience.     

White ethnic residential segregation in historical perspective: US cities in 1880

Investigating immigrant residential patterns in 1880 offers a baseline for understanding residential assimilation trajectories in subsequent eras. This study uses 100% count information from the 1880 Census to estimate a multilevel model of ethnic isolation and exposure to native whites in 67 cities for individual Irish, German and British residents. At the individual level, the key predictors are drawn from assimilation theory: nativity, occupation, and marital status. The multilevel model makes it possible to control for these predictors and to study independent sources of variation in segregation across cities. There is considerable variation at the city level, especially due to differences in the relative sizes of groups. Other significant city-level predictors of people’s neighborhood composition include the share of group members who are foreign-born, the disparity in occupational standing between group members and native whites, and the degree of occupational segregation between them.     

The role of occupational attributes in gender earnings inequality, 1970–2010

Grounded in the research on the important role of social structures in forming gender inequalities, this study examines the effect of occupational attributes on the gender earnings gap over four decades. Using the IPUMS-USA from 1970 to 2010, the paper shows that occupational attributes cannot be reduced to the aggregate attributes of their individual incumbents. Rather, the effect of occupations on the gender earnings gap goes far beyond both the distributive role of occupational segregation and the effect of individual wage-related characteristics. Furthermore, occupations not only explain a significant portion of net gender pay gaps, but have also contributed to the narrowing of the gaps over the past several decades, as occupational attributes that favor women's pay have become more dominant over time.     

Gender composition of occupations and occupational characteristics: Explaining their true relationship by using longitudinal data

This paper analyzes the relationship between the gender composition of occupations and occupational characteristics that describe working arrangements and qualification requirements. While prior studies showed associations between the representation of females in occupations and these occupational characteristics, we are the first to explain their true relationship by applying an analytical research design. In this regard, we add three alternative relationship patterns to the widespread assumption that occupational characteristics affect the representation of females in occupations. First, it is possible that the relationship works in the opposite direction. Second, the relationship does not necessarily have to be causal but can just be a historical connection. Third, the representation of females in occupations may follow a self-enforcing cycle. To put the relationship between the gender composition of occupations and occupational characteristics to the test, we create a unique occupation panel dataset that aggregates individual data from the 1996 to 2012 waves of the German Microcensus. Our results confirm that occupational characteristics determine the representation of females in occupations. Moreover, we find some evidence that the representation of females follows a self-enforcing cycle.     

Socioeconomic indexes and the new 1980 census occupational classification scheme

Because of their usefulness in a wide variety of research, socioeconomic scores have been revised several times to incorporate changes in the relevant components of the occupational structure and to conform with the changing census occupational classification schemes. The major purpose of this paper is to provide socioeconomic scores for the 1980 census occupational classification scheme. First, however, we review earlier versions of the socioeconomic index (SEI), summarize the relevant disparities between the 1970 and 1980 census occupational classificatory schemes, and then explain in detail the procedures used to reconcile the SEI with 1980 occupational codes. We also show that, although the 1980 occupational classificatory scheme differs radically from the 1970 occupational scheme, the socioconomic scores for 1980 occupational data replicate features found in 1970 data.     

Sex and marriage of raters in the evaluation of occupations

The evaluation of occupational prestige ratings obtained from different subgroups within the same society has been shown to be remarkably similar (Reiss, A. J., Jr., Duncan, O. D., Hah, P. K., and North, C. C., 1961, Occupations and Social Status, Free Press, New York; Svalastoga, K., 1959, Prestige, Class, and Mobility, Gyldendal, Copenhagen; Tiryakian, E. A., 1958, American Journal of Sociology 63 (January), 390–399). Our purpose is to explore how the gender and marital status of raters influence the evaluation of occupational prestige. Using more detailed data than heretofore available, we will reexamine the similarity between occupational prestige evaluations observed among female and male respondents. Models of the way in which characteristics of occupational incumbents, such as income and education, are constructed to explore possible differences in the ways in which male and female raters evaluate occupations. The results of this analysis by gender of rater will then be used to examine both the gender and marital status of raters.