“卓越计划”视域下吉林省工程应用型技术人才创业思维和创业能力培养策略分析

自2010年国家教育部启动实施"卓越工程师教育培养计划"(简称"卓越计划")以来,政府、高校、企业都在积极响应配合,各行各业都在以其特有的方式培养应用型技术人才,这些应用型技术人才将知识、能力转化为生产力,成为自主创业的主流大军。在"卓越计划"下,高校和企业是应用型技术人才的创业能力培养的基础,设置选择合适培养策略则是人才培养的关键。     

行业特色地方高校实施“卓越工程师教育培养计划”的思考与研究——以郑州轻工业学院的探索实践为例

“卓越工程师教育培养计划”作为高等工程教育的重大改革项目,对于高等教育的改革与发展具有重要的作用。郑州轻工业学院作为一所具有行业特色的地方高校,在自身原有优良传统基础上,开展了一系列有益的探索与实践：通过各类专题研讨会,明晰思路,完善方案;广泛深入开展调研,借鉴经验,查找不足;制定相关管理办法,政策保障,稳步推进;加强校企合作,积极探索,创新模式等。提出了行业特色地方高校实施“卓越计划”工作的新思考：更新工程教育理念是前提,创新人才培养模式是核心,搭建实践创新平台是保障,深化实践教学改革是关键。     

卓越工程师培养模式下的大学生思想政治教育工作的思考

教育部针对当前高等学校人才培养模式的现状及存在的问题启动了卓越工程师培养计划,这一计划的目的是为了培养综合性人才,特别是培养大学生的职业技能和引导大学生正确的价值观,人生观和世界观,将大学生的思想政治教育工作作为卓越工程师培养计划的思想保障。本文将主要探讨卓越工程师培养模式下的大学生思想政治教育工作的有效途径。     

适应“卓越工程师”培养的课程体系改革——以安徽理工大学为例

本文介绍了安徽理工大学面向“卓越工程师培养计划”实施的一系列课程体系改革措施和成果，提出为适应“卓越计划”的培养目标和标；隹需对当前课程体系和内容进行全面重组的改革新思路。     

实践导向型工业工程专业运筹学课程体系研究

近年来,随着“卓越工程师教育培养计划”、“工程专业教育的认证”等工程实践教育重大改革项目的进一步推进,工程类专业的实践教育改革成为各大高校教育工作者的研究热点。为了充分贯彻工程教育改革,提高近机类工业工程专业学生运筹学课程知识的转化运用能力,分析了近机类工业工程专业的特点和对运筹学课程的需求,构建了近机类实践导向型工业工程专业情境化运筹学课程体系架构,重点解决运筹学与基础数学先修课程的衔接,以及对后续专业课和实践环节的支持的承前启后作用。提出了“引例-模型-算法-应用”的一体化教学模式。经过近年的教学实践和改进,该课程知识内容和方法体系得到了有效的验证。     

新时代卓越幼师培养的“道”与“术”——基于职业核心能力的视角

卓越幼师的培养是当前幼师人才培养的主要方向和重要抓手。基于职业核心能力的视角，适应教育教学改革的需要，从多方面多角度探究了卓越幼师培养可循之“道”与可依之“术”。     

能源与动力工程专业培养应用型创新人才的实践探索

德州学院紧紧围绕培养应用型创新人才,打造新能源装备制造业卓越工程师摇篮这一目标,积极探索并建设多学科交叉的能源与动力工程实验教学示范中心。通过长期不懈的努力,在人才培养质量、实验教学示范中心、校外人才培养基地、大学生创新性实验计划等方面取得了显著成效。     

基于“卓越工程师”培养计划的化工设备机械基础教学改革

吉林化工学院作为吉林省唯一一所化工类大学,响应国家号召,率先在过程装备与控制和化学与工艺两个专业开设"卓越工程师教育培养计划"。为培养造就一批创新能力强、适应经济社会发展需要的高质量化工行业的工程技术人才,有必要对工科专业的化工设备机械基础进行教学改革,结合现有教学经验,提出改革方案,调整教学手段、模式,积极开展实践教学环节,培养学生的创新能力和实际动手能力。     

论“卓越技师”人才培养的方法观

自2011年起，山东劳动职业技术学院立足区域经济发展和市场人才需求，定位于培养能够取得高职专科毕业证书和技师职业资格“双高证书”的技术技能人才，开展“卓越技师”培养创新实践，取得了良好的效果。在正确把握职业教育政策导向的同时，本文结合实践经验，总结了“卓越技师”人才培养的方法。     

法学教育实践教学模式之探索

我国的法学教育取得了令人瞩目的成绩.但在当前新的形势下,法学教育不可避免地在教学模式等方面遇到了困境.当前教育部开展的“卓越法律人才教育培养计划”,对于强调实践性职业技能培养,推进实践教学改革具有重大而深远的意义.     

Elder Abuse: What Coroners Know and Need to Know

This article presents findings from a survey examining knowledge of elder abuse among Georgia's coroners. More than half of the 116 respondents indicated that they know “almost nothing” or “a little” about distinguishing signs of physical abuse from signs of aging (54%) and mandatory reporting laws and related elder abuse statutes (63%). When asked the frequency with which older adult cases were referred to the medical examiner, 49% indicated “rarely if ever.” Study findings reveal specific opportunities for enhancing training efforts aimed at coroners, who play a critical role in the identification of elder abuse.     

Heterosexism and Social Work

Abstract

This study examined heterosexism among 409 Illinois school social workers. Heterosexism was found to be negatively correlated with “education about” and “positive contacts with” gay and lesbian individuals and positively correlated with “religiosity.” Most respondents showed some level of heterosexism with a few having very high levels. Only 15% were non-heterosexist. Respondents reported receiving little or no education about sexual minorities in their social work training. Most indicated that the training received was not adequate preparation for working with gay and lesbian individuals. Amount of education received increased with each of CSWE's educational mandates about sexual minorities but had no significant effect on heterosexism.     

Adoption Competent Clinical Practice: Defining Its Meaning and Development

The need for adoption competent mental health services has been well documented. However, the term “adoption-competent” has lacked a standardized, broadly accepted definition. This article reports findings from two related studies. The first examines how adoption competencies are demonstrated in practice by clinicians participating in an evidence-informed adoption competency training program. The second is an online survey designed to determine whether members of adoption kinship networks agree with a definition of an adoption competent mental health professional developed by experts. Both studies contribute to our understanding of what constitutes “adoption competent” clinical practice.     

Evaluation of Computer Games' Impact upon Cognitively Impaired Frail Elderly

Summary

The authors of-this article discuss the value of computer-use among older adults. It Is suggested that older adults can benefit significantly from ongoing education and that computers can be a valuable tool in this process. The cognitive capacities of older adults are discussed, with particular attention paid to long- and short-term memory functioning. The use of computers for memory skills training is highlighted. A study was undertaken using the computer game “Memory of Goblins” at the Seattle Day Center for Adults. This article describes both the game and how the project was conducted. Limitations of the study are presented. Although the authors acknowledge that conclusions are difficult to draw from this particular study, there is evidence to suggest that the impact of computer use among the elderly population can be profound. Implications for future research are presented.     

Preventing Child Sexual Abuse: Body Safety Training for Young Children in Turkey

The “Body Safety Training Program” is an education program aimed at ensuring children are informed about their body and acquire self-protection skills. In this study, a total of 83 preschoolers were divided into experimental and control groups; based on a power analysis, 40 children comprised the experimental group, while 43 children comprised the control group. The “Body Safety Training Programme” was translated into Turkish and content validity was determined regarding the language and cultural appropriateness. The “What If Situations Test” (WIST) was administered to both groups before and after the training. Mann–Whitney U Test, Kruskal–Wallis Variance Analysis, and the Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test were used to compare between the groups and the Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the strength of the relationship between the dependent and independent variable. The differences between the pretest and posttest scores for the subscales (appropriate recognition, inappropriate recognition, say, do, tell, and reporting skills), and the personal safety questionnaire (PSQ) score means for the children in the experimental group were found to be statistically significant (p < .001). The posttest–pretest difference score means of the experimental group children for WIST saying, doing, telling and reporting, total skills, and PSQ were found to be statistically significant as compared to that of the control group (p < .05). The “Body Safety Training programme” is effective in increasing the child sexual abuse prevention and self-protection skills in Turkish young children.     

Finnish engineers becoming expatriates: biographical narratives and subjectivity

This paper links a critical view on human development programmes as “normalization” with narrative analysis of biography construction. Using material on Finnish expatriate employees, the paper analyses how a group of university engineers produced a mature subjectivity, with college degree engineers crafting a position as underdeveloped corporate persons. It is shown how college engineers initially adapted a contending “global” ideal rather than the prevailing engineer image in their story-telling. The straightforward style of narration, however, exhausted the internationalization version of their development and left them reproducing a “getting to maturity” position as expatriates craving home organization engineer values and networks. University engineers, in contrast, employed sophisticated telling techniques to create a sense of gradual revelation, this contributing to the emergence of close to normality subjectivity. Case suggests that organizational narratives of self face the task of not only separating the subject from the non-subject but also of managing the tension between the attainability and the unat-tainability of developmental ideals.     

Kulturen und Spiralen des „Eigentlich“. Hierarchisch gesteuerte Veränderungsprozesse am Beispiel nachgelagerter Dienststellen des österreichischen Bundesministeriums für Bildung

Amidst the current debates on education, in Austria the former academies of the compulsory and vocational teachers’ training shall be transformed to educational “colleges” or even “universities”. The Federal Ministry is driving this process top-down, first and foremost tackling the manifest structures. This gradually unsheathes a latent “culture of eigentlich” within the affected educational institutions. It turns out that this culture, which is functional for the system in dealing with ambiguous, contradictory, or even unattainable requirements, does not disappear, but that it rather absorbs and transforms the manifest demands “from top” in practice “at the bottom”. This again provokes hierarchical interventions top-down, and eventually leads to self-enforcing dynamics between manifest and latent structures, fuelling the spiralling process.     

Promoting Health and Wellness in African American Males through Rites of Passage Training

The current work presents exploratory research findings related to the effectiveness of Let the Circle Be Unbroken, an African-centered “rites of passage” training program, to promote health and well-being in a sample of high-risk, African American males. An abbreviated version of the ADPRC-TADPOLE questionnaire was administered to 39 African American boys, between the ages of 8 and 16 years, who were participating in a community-based “rites of passage” training program. Findings suggest that the Let the Circle Be Unbroken training program is a viable program for improving self-esteem among young African American males. The implications of this research are relevant to the reduction of some health disparities observed among underrepresented populations, especially African American males.     

Transformative Community Practice

ABSTRACT

The authors examine how well models and concepts of community practice fit their practice in an extremely low income urban African-American community. They describe the evolution of their agency's response to community disinvestment over the past 30 years. That response has been to create indigenous African-centered organizations that can transform how people see themselves, the community, and their futures. Early childhood education, social services, economic development, and leadership training and organizing are core programs. The authors urge model builders and educators to include the concept of transformation as a community change goal, and to strengthen attention to institution building skills, “cultural work,” and capital formation.