上海农业专业合作社现状及支持对策

上海农业专业合作社在加快农村产业结构调整、推动城乡一体化发展进程中发挥了重要作用,但在管理和经营等方面也出现不少问题。上海应完善合作社的准入与退出机制,鼓励多种出资方式,提升合作社的营销效能,完善合作社的财务公开制度、内部会议控制制度和盈余分配制度,引导和帮助农业合作社更"专业"、更"合作",以实现上海"十二五"规划提出的"加强农村集体资产、资金、资源管理,深化农村集体经济组织产权制度改革,切实保障农民利益"的根本目标。     

关注弱势群体需要大力发展合作社经济

随着我国社会主义市场经济体制的建立,无论在广阔的农村和众多的城市,无论在生产、流通、消费各个领域,都活跃着合作社这种经济形式。但是,现实中我国的合作社发展存在着明显不足:一是合作社组织“泛化”的问题。某些冠以合作社头衔的组织既不是依据合作社原则建立的,也没有按照合作社运行机制运行。一些地区或部门为了局部利益,把这些假合作社穿上合作经济的外衣,以期得到政府和税收减免等优惠;二是供销合作社的“官办倾向”问题;三是政府对合作社的相关立法滞后,支持力度不够。在全     

浅谈齐河县农村新型合作社——以大刘专业合作社为例

齐河县地形以平原为主,其中耕地108万亩,境内沿黄河岸长达52.5公里,耕地面积广阔,土地肥沃,拥有大量的农产品。因此齐河县要实现全面建设小康社会的宏伟目标,必须建立新型农村合作社来解决"三农"问题。农村新型合作社是我国农业现代化进程的创新。近年,专业合作社、农机合作社等新型合作组织得到了快速发展,但不同地区、不同产业发展方式不同。因此政府要做好农村新型合作社的管理与控制是重中之重,这是新时期做好农村工作必须坚持的指导思想。     

以新发展理念指引上海乡村振兴示范村建设的实践与思考

在新发展理念指引下,上海以建设乡村振兴示范村为抓手,全面实施乡村振兴战略。上海乡村振兴示范村建设在于“五个注重”,即注重顶层设计、夯实产业、突出重点、机制创新和党建引领,由此做实富民、宜居、改革、带动、善治五篇文章。下一步,要深化农村生产关系的研究,优化政府引导、农民主体、社会参与的动力机制,提升农村经济价值、生态价值、美学价值的协调发展,畅通现代要素向乡村流动的渠道,加速城乡融合发展,承接超大城市核心功能,探索建立乡村振兴多元价值的实现机制。     

对上海街头艺人管理法规制订的思考

上海制订街头艺人管理法规应注重:对街头艺人的管理方法体现社会对文化艺术的态度、对弱势群体的关注以及对公众利益的维护;对不同类型的街头艺人实施分类管理;通过教育和宣传,为艺术型街头艺人创造良好的社会氛围;应制订政府管理部门的服务规范;制订艺术型街头艺人认证标准应体现上海文化特色。     

发展和完善社会养老机构研究

当前上海社会养老机构供给不充分,总需求难以得到有效满足,市场配置机构养老资源的作用尚未充分发挥.国外近年来通过市场机制来配置养老服务资源的特点非常显著,养老机构产业化趋势日盛,机构的服务层次多元、服务内容专业,与之配套的养老需求评估和补贴制度完善.未来上海应进一步明晰政府与市场在机构养老领域的职能边界,转变政府履职方式;推动养老机构服务市场化纵深发展,形成适度规模、产业多元、互相渗入的机构养老业态.     

上海现代服务业发展对策研究

本文重点研究上海现代服务业定位与重点服务业发展。首先,对上海现代服务业发展现状进行分析,在肯定成绩的同时,也指出了当前存在的六大问题。其次,对上海现代服务业发展环境进行系统分析,着重指出世博会为上海加快现代服务业发展提供了良好的机遇。再次,根据地方经济、特色产业和行业发展需求,提出了上海现代服务业发展的总体定位是上海应成为全国现代服务业发展的龙头,其现代服务业的辐射能力应覆盖长三角地区,成为国际经济、金融、贸易和航运中心城市;产业定位是发展二三产业融合的生产性服务业,加快产业联动发展;区域定位是中心城区应立足增强综合服务功能,重点发展金融、航运、信息等现代服务业,郊区应立足增强经济发展水平,重点发展与先进制造业相融合的生产性服务业,实现二三产业互动融合发展。同时,本文提出了上海现代服务业发展的总体目标是以国际化提升上海服务业能级,以市场化做大服务业规模,以信息化提高服务业发展水平,以法治化创造服务业发展环境,着力提升功能型服务业,大力发展知识型服务业,延伸发展生产性服务业,改造提升传统服务业,加快构筑与社会主义现代化国际大都市相适应的"高增值、强辐射、广就业"的现代服务业体系,进一步增强上海服务全国的能力及国际竞争力。最后,提出了发展上海现代服务业的8点对策措施。     

上海经济社会发展与养老服务事业:挑战与对策

着眼于经济社会发展与养老服务事业之间的关系,应从经济增长速度减缓、外来人口迅速增加、经济结构转型升级、城市空间功能调整等方面,探讨上海当前及今后一段时期养老服务所面临的主要挑战与问题。上海需要在政府引导下着力构建和完善政府、市场、社会多方参与、分工合作的养老服务体系,具体包括促进养老公共资源配置的均衡化、大力发展老年服务产业、推进不同层次养老保障制度之间的有效衔接、积极提高上海养老服务的社会化水平等。     

开放转型中上海服务贸易发展的国际竞争力:比较与启示

近年来,在外部环境变化和内部条件创造的共同影响下,上海服务贸易获得了较快的发展,并成为了开放升级条件下加快都市型经济转型的重要力量.然而,从国际竞争力横向比较的角度来看,上海服务贸易发展的规模、结构与质量都与亚太的两大全球城市——香港和新加坡存在着较大的差距.这两个城市之所以能够成为世界城市体系网络的活跃节点,深层次地参与全球资源配置,主要得益于发达的、迎合全球价值链分工需求的服务贸易的持续增长.尽管它们发展服务贸易的路径不完全相同,但是却对致力于建设全球城市的上海给予了同样的启示:发展服务经济、促进城市经济结构转型;深入市场化改革,探索全球治理框架下的政府管理模式创新;从完善创新生态入手,提高自主创新能力.     

促进海外贸易机构集聚发展助力上海国际贸易中心能级提升

支持海外贸易机构集聚发展,对于强化上海国际贸易中心枢纽功能及国际大都市整体功能建设具有重要意义。上海应研究制定适应上海发展战略需求的海外贸易机构发展方案,探索海外贸易机构管理与服务机制创新,通过城市国际合作加大政府或准政府类海外贸易机构的引进力度,制定促进海外贸易机构集聚发展的专项政策扶持体系,并争取国家对引进具有全球影响力国际组织的支持。     

勾建小微企业信用融资系统，疏通银企融资渠道

当前,小微企业难以从商业银行获得贷款支持,这严重制约了小微企业的发展。因此,通过研究构建小微企业信用融资系统,疏通小微企业与商业银行的对接渠道,解决小微企业融资难的问题;通过小微企业、贷款机构、政府园区、金融管理部门网络互联,共同打造信用融资公共平台,以解决小微企业融资难问题的具体实现路径。     

Corporate funding of the arts in a turbulent environment

Focusing on funding in culture and the arts, the author identifies a distinctive logic of company support for nonprofit organizations. Business giving is increasingly disciplined around company objectives, giving levels are driven by pretax earnings, and giving decisions are the province of managers who draw advice less from the arts community or public agencies than from other companies. At best, turbulence in government funding has modest effect on corporate support. In turn, change in corporate support has little impact on public backing. The separate logics of corporate and government support imply separate and distinctive long-term development strategies for nonprofit organizations.     

Cooperative Membership and Community Engagement: Findings From a Latin American Survey

Cooperatives as organization have mainly been explored in the field of business and management due to their operation in the business sector, and studies of nonprofit organizations have given little attention to them. Consequently, cooperatives studies have tended to examine economic outcomes, such as productivity and job security, comparing them to conventional business firms. Nevertheless, cooperatives are membership associations and have organizational characteristics in common with other types of voluntary associations. Furthermore, one explicit organizational principle of cooperatives is concern for community, and their contributions to the community have been covered frequently by media. Therefore, it is imperative to examine cooperative members’ community engagement, and compare it to other types of association members. Using a national sample of Venezuelans, the relationships between association memberships and community involvement were compared across different types of associations. The results showed that cooperative members had a higher likelihood of being involved in community matters than those from other types of associations. Although the Venezuelan cooperatives have received vast support from the Chavez government for community development, this result can have an implication on the cooperatives’ organizational identity as those who provide members with resources necessary for civic engagement beyond the organizations.     

上海社会组织发展机制和体制改革研究

上海社会组织的发展不仅需要创新模式,更需要突破传统体制机制的制约。上海需探索成立市级社会组织管理服务中心,建立社会组织管理服务的第三方评价制度;出台政府购买服务的指导目录,制定政府购买服务的办法,建立政府购买服务资金的增长机制;加大社会组织人才扶持力度,出台公益人才扶持政策,打造公益人才培训基地;制订免税扩围政策,如细化免税对象、扩大免税内容、简化免税审批流程;建立扶持社会组织发展的资金体系,如建立支持草根社会组织的扶持资金、支持企业设立公益基金、设立社会组织发展的公共资金专户;开展社会组织改革创新试点,建立国际社会组织集聚园区,开展服务于外来人口的社会组织综合创新试点,建立与国际对接的志愿者服务体系。     

Community Foundations: A Growing Resource for Community Development

Like many nonprofit organizations, community development corporations (CDCs) rely on various sources of funding and support for their activities in poor and distressed neighborhoods. Funders often include the federal government, state and local government agencies, financial institutions, and philanthropic organizations. The author explains how community foundations are different from other philanthropic organizations and describes the various mechanisms that community foundations use to support community development. She suggests that there is a natural fit between the purpose of community foundations and the philosophy of community development, concluding that it is important for CDCs, as well as other nonprofit organizations, to understand how community foundations are different from other philanthropic organizations so that they may better position themselves to take advantage of the many resources that community foundations bring to their communities.     

The Strategic Management of Government Affairs in China: How Multinational Corporations in China Interact With the Chinese Government

This study addresses how multinational corporations (MNCs) interact with government by examining the strategic management of government affairs in 25 MNCs in China from the perspectives of public relations and corporate political activity. Twenty-seven qualitative interviews were conducted. Results show that 16 of the 25 MNC include their government affairs managers in strategic management. Government affairs contributes to the process by aligning their business goals with the development of policies and regulations. Government affairs managers play 4 roles in the process according to the level of regulation and the frequency of external environmental changes of the MNCs: the business developer, expert prescriber, senior advisor, and internal consultant. Government affairs specialists use direct and indirect sources to gather information relevant to environmental scanning. Results also suggest a positive relationship between the participation of government affairs in strategic management and excellence in government affairs. However, in addition to excellence in government affairs, organizational mechanisms of management, organizational expectation and culture, and the nature of the MNC's industry also affect the integration of government affairs with the overall strategic management.     

Beyond "banking for the poor": credit mechanisms and women's empowerment

This article describes some strengths and limitations of credit programs for women in developing countries. It is urged that development planners recognize the importance of the selection of the type of credit mechanism in the long term. Ethical issues should be decided upon before the credit mechanism is operable. Organizations should make clear what level of commitment there is to empower borrowers. Most organizations give loans to women and assume empowerment will take place without devising strategies to ensure empowerment. Credit mechanisms include credit for the poor and credit by the poor. A sound financial portfolio and 100% repayment are not the appropriate criteria for securing the empowerment of women. Empowerment of women is related to "building the capacity of borrowers to manage and control decision making." UNICEF's framework of gender equality and women's empowerment identifies levels of empowerment as "welfare, access, conscientisation, participation, and control." Development planners should be aware that provision of credit also has the potential to increase a poor family's debt. Delinquency may be hidden by overlapping loans that trap borrowers. Fewer installment payments increase the chances of a debt trap. Reducing the number of installments may reduce administrative costs and conform to production processes, but may also lead to a debt trap. There is now considerable emphasis on investing in low-income women entrepreneurs as a highly efficient means of achieving social and economic objectives. Credit programs aim to support the growth of small, self-sustaining businesses, to improve women's opportunities, and to provide alternatives to exploitation by local money-lenders. This article describes the following credit mechanisms: bank guarantee systems, government credit schemes, intermediary projects, direct lending projects, banks for the poor, credit unions, and village-based banks.     

上海郊区农村社会问题调研报告

通过对上海郊区农村调研,农村社会发展呈现出人口老龄化、外来人口日益增多、社会保障不足、基层组织在乡村事务发展中作用弱化等四大社会问题。面对当前郊区农村出现的社会问题,上海要从建设国际大都市的高度和要求出发,立足未来上海郊区农村发展目标,在养老服务、外来人口管理、农业现代化、社会保障等方面,合理、有序地推动市郊的城市化进程。     

NOT ALL BANKS ARE EQUAL: COOPERATIVE BANKING AND INCOME INEQUALITY

This paper studies the role of different types of credit institutions in income inequality. By analyzing Italian local (provincial) credit markets over the 2001–2011 period, we find that cooperative banks mitigate income inequality in local communities more than their commercial counterparts. The results also suggest that it is the specific nature and orientation of cooperative banks, more than their relationship lending technologies, that improve income distribution. The impact of cooperative banking on inequality appears however to be partly channeled by a reduced dynamism of local economies, especially lower migratory flows and business turnover. (JEL G21, G38, O15)     

政策执行：高校学生工作内涵发展的增长点

政策执行是高校学生工作的基础性工作,在大力倡导高等教育内涵发展的背景下,充分认识教育政策高效益执行对于学生工作的提升作用,在宏观层面上倡导复杂性、系统性工作理念,在中观层面上倡导职业化、专业化工作理念,在微观层面上倡导生命化、交往性的工作理念,优化顶层设计、加强组织间和组织内协同、提高学生工作者职业素质、加强与教育行政主管部门的联系等,使教育政策执行这一经常性工作重新激活学生工作,推动高校学生工作在内涵发展上的新增长。