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1.
The American Community Survey (ACS) is a Census Bureau product designed to provide accurate and timely demographic and economic indicators on an annual basis for both large and small geographic areas within the United States. Operational plans for Census 2010 call for ACS to replace the decennial census long form (Census LF), pending the results of evaluation studies. This plan represents a major change in that variables that traditionally have been collected on a “snapshot” basis once every 10 years would be collected on a “rolling” annual basis. Using a loss function analysis and other tools, this paper reports preliminary findings from a comparison of ACS and Census 2000 results in Multnomah County, Oregon, one of five national “local expert” test sites set up to compare ACS data collected at the time of Census 2000. The preliminary findings suggest that there are notable differences between some of the corresponding variables found in the ACS and Census LF that require more detailed examination. For example, the loss function analysis reveals notable differences for race and disability variables. In other comparisons of corresponding variables between ACS and Census 2000, differences are found within each of the four major areas of interest: (1) demographic characteristics, (2) social characteristics, (3) economic characteristics, and (4) housing characteristics, with housing characteristics showing the least similarity overall. These results also suggest that more detailed examinations are needed to understand differences between corresponding variables collected by ACS and the Census LF. 相似文献
2.
Huang C Mehta NK Elo IT Cunningham SA Stephenson R Williamson DF Narayan KM 《Population research and policy review》2011,30(3):399-418
This study aimed to test the “healthy immigrant” hypothesis and assess health heterogeneity among newly arrived working-age
immigrants (18–64 years) from various regions of origin. Using the 5% sample of the 2000 U.S. Census (PUMS), we found that,
compared with their native-born counterparts, immigrants from all regions of the world were less likely to report mental disability
and physical disability. Immigrants from selected regions of origin were, however, more likely to report work disability.
Significant heterogeneity in disabilities exists among immigrants: Those from Eastern Europe and Southeast Asia reported the
highest risk of mental and physical disability, and those from East Asia reported the lowest risk of physical disability.
Furthermore, Mexican immigrants reported the lowest risk of mental disability, and Canadian immigrants reported the lowest
risk of work disability. Socioeconomic status and English proficiency partially explained these differences. The health advantage
of immigrants decreased with longer U.S. residence. 相似文献
3.
Robert Scardamalia 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(3):293-303
As part of the Census Bureau’s effort to prove the operational feasibility of the American Community Survey (ACS), the Bureau contracted with local experts to conduct comparative analyses of the 1999–2001 ACS estimates with the 2000 Census data for various test counties. One of the goals of the ACS is to replace the decennial census long form. The resulting research papers analyzed various quality measures (response rates, allocation rates, and so on), conceptual differences in the two instruments, and statistical reliability in an effort to add to our assessment of the ACS as an adequate replacement instrument for collecting long form data. This paper discusses the results of these four research efforts and presents conclusions and recommendations for further Census Bureau action and research. The quality of traditional long form data, the importance of accurate population estimates and an accurate Master Address File (MAF), and continued research on the quality of small area data are discussed. 相似文献
4.
The Census Bureau is testing a continuous measurement program, known as the American Community Survey (ACS), which will provide census “long form” data annually, though with slightly higher levels of sampling variability. This paper focuses on the 1999–2001 ACS in the Bronx, 1 of 31 ACS test sites. It examines whether the quality of ACS data in the Bronx varies across neighborhoods, focusing specifically on how neighborhood sociodemographic factors influence nonresponse, as measured by mail return and allocation rates. It also examines whether these neighborhood factors have a differential impact on nonresponse in the ACS and the 2000 decennial census, and discusses reasons why this may be so.The ACS mail return rates are not only lower than those of the census, but are highly sensitive to race and socioeconomic distress. Despite this initial disadvantage, the ACS has lower levels of allocation on key variables, relative to the 2000 Census. Moreover, the effect of neighborhood socioeconomic distress on allocation rates in the ACS was minimal, compared to its effect on census allocation. We find that the overall quality of ACS data in the Bronx is superior to that of the decennial census. Our analysis of Bronx data suggests that the proposed elimination of the decennial long form and its replacement with the ACS is a reasonable tradeoff for users of small area data. 相似文献
5.
The American Community Survey (ACS) is a U.S. Census Bureau product designed to provide accurate and timely demographic and
economic indicators on an annual basis for both large and small geographic areas within the United States. Operational plans
call for ACS to serve not only as a substitute for the decennial census long-form, but as a means of providing annual data
at the national, state, county, and subcounty levels. In addition to being highly ambitious, this approach represents a major
change in how data are collected and interpreted. Two of the major questions facing the ACS are its functionality and usability.
This paper explores the latter of these two questions by examining “persons per household (PPH),” a variable of high interest
to demographers and others preparing regular post-censal population estimates. The data used in this exploration are taken
from 18 of the counties that formed the set of 1999 ACS test sites. The examination proceeds by first comparing 1-year ACS
PPH estimates to Census 2010 PPH values along with extrapolated estimates generated using a geometric model based on PPH change
between the 1990 and 2000 census counts. Both sets of estimates are then compared to annual 2001–2009 PPH interpolated estimates
generated by a geometric model based on PPH from the 2000 census to the 2010 census. The ACS PPH estimates represent what
could be called the “statistical perspective” because variations in the estimates of specific variables over time and space
are viewed largely by statisticians with an eye toward sample error. The model-based PPH estimates represent a “demographic
perspective” because PPH estimates are largely viewed by demographers as varying systematically and changing relatively slowly
over time, an orientation stemming from theory and empirical evidence that PPH estimates respond to demographic and related
determinants. The comparisons suggest that the ACS PPH estimates exhibit too much “noisy” variation for a given area over
time to be usable by demographers and others preparing post-censal population estimates. These findings should be confirmed
through further analysis and suggestions are provided for the directions this research could take. We conclude by noting that
the statistical and demographic perspectives are not incompatible and that one of the aims of our paper is to encourage the
U.S. Census Bureau to consider ways to improve the usability of the 1-year ACS PPH estimates. 相似文献
6.
Few prior studies have investigated the health of U.S. immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU). Utilizing data from
the 2000 U.S. census and the 2000–2007 National Health Interview Survey (NIHS), we compare levels of disability of FSU immigrants
with U.S.-born whites (ages 50–84). Our findings suggest an “epidemiologic paradox” in that FSU immigrants possess higher
levels of education compared with U.S.-born whites, but report considerably higher disability with and without adjustment
for education. Nonetheless, FSU immigrants report lower levels of smoking and heavy alcohol use compared with U.S.-born whites.
We further investigate disability by period of arrival among FSU immigrants. Changes in Soviet emigration policies conceivably
altered the level of health selectivity among émigrés. We find evidence that FSU immigrants who emigrated during a period
when a permission to emigrate was hard to obtain (1970–1986) displayed less disability compared with those who emigrated when
these restrictions were less stringent (1987–2000). Finally, we compare disability among Russian-born U.S. immigrants with
that of those residing in Russia as a direct test of health selectivity. We find that Russian immigrants report lower levels
of disability compared with Russians in Russia, suggesting that they are positively selected for health despite their poor
health relative to U.S.-born whites. 相似文献
7.
The aim of the current study was to examine the role of satisfaction-with-event as a mediator in the relations between flow
and life satisfaction based on the bottom-up theory (Andrews and Withey in Social indicators of well-being: Americans’ perceptions
of life quality. Plenum, New York, 1976; Lee et al. in J Macromarketing 22(2): 158–169, 2002). Four hundred and thirty-four participants with a mean age of 35.60 (SD = 11.76) were recruited from the audience of a “Cirque
du Soleil” acrobatics show, performed in Taiwan in 2009. Participants completed the flow scale (Csikszentmihalyi in Flow:
the psychology of optimal experience. Harper & Row, New York, 1990), a satisfaction-with-event scale (Lin and Hsu in Mark Rev 3(4): 497–528, 2008), and a satisfaction-with-life scale (Diener et al. in J Pers Assess 49:71–75, 1985) immediately after viewing the show. Structural equation modeling was conducted to examine our hypothesis that satisfaction-with-event
levels would fully mediate the relationship between flow and overall life satisfaction. Results supported our prediction and
are discussed in terms of bottom-up theory. Implications of the study are also provided for the leisure managers. 相似文献
8.
Gratitude and Adolescent Athletes’ Well-Being 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Two cross-sectional studies were conducted to examine the relationships between gratitude and athletes’ well-being. Study
1 examines the relationship between dispositional gratitude and well-being, while Study 2 investigates the relationship between
sport-domain gratitude and well-being. In Study 1, 169 Taiwanese senior high school athletes (M = 16.43, SD = 0.7 years) were
administered the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough et al. 2002, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82(1), 112–127), Team Satisfaction Scale (Walling et al. 1993, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 15, 172–183), Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS; Diener et al. 1985, Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75), and the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ; Raedeke and Smith, 2001, Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 23(4), 281–306). In Study 2, a separate sample of 265 adolescent athletes (M = 16.47 years, SD = 0.7) were administered the
modified Sport-domain GQ, Team Satisfaction Scale, and ABQ. Study 1 results showed that dispositional gratitude positively
predicts team satisfaction and life satisfaction, and negatively predicts athlete burnout. Findings from Study 2 revealed
that sport-domain gratitude positively predicts team satisfaction and negatively predicts athlete burnout. A stronger gratitude
and well-being relationship was observed in Study 2. This research provides the initial verification that gratitude and adolescent
athletes’ well-being are related. Possible mechanism of this relation, limitations, and practical implications are discussed. 相似文献
9.
We investigate the level and selectivity of emigration from the United States among foreign-born adults. We use the CPS Matching
Method (Van Hook et al. 2006) to estimate the probability of emigration among foreign-born adults aged 18–34, 35–64 and 65+ from 1996 to 2009 (N = 92,852). The results suggest higher levels of emigration than used in the production of official population estimates.
Also, indicators of economic integration (home ownership, school enrollment, poverty) and social ties in the U.S. (citizenship,
having young children, longer duration in the United States) deter emigration. Conversely, having connections with the sending
society, such as living apart from a spouse, was associated with emigration, particularly among Mexican men. Health was least
strongly related to emigration. Simulations suggest that selective emigration may alter the home ownership and marital status,
but not health, composition of immigrant cohorts. The implications for public policy are discussed. 相似文献
10.
The factors associated with cognitions about problematic Internet use have been empirically tested in various studies. The
aim of the present study was to examine the mediator roles of both life satisfaction and self-esteem between affective components
of subjective well-being and cognitions about problematic Internet use. For this purpose, the model that was conceptualized
by Davis (Comput Human Behav 17:187–195, 2001), Caplan (Comput Human Behav 18:553–575 2002), and Lent et al. (J Vocat Behav 74:190–198 2009) was modified and used as the theoretical framework for this study. The impacts of life satisfaction and self-esteem on the
association between affective components of psychological well-being (positive and negative) and cognitions about problematic
Internet use were tested by using structural equation modeling (SEM) in a sample of 480 Turkish university students. The results
reveal that by playing a mediator role, self-esteem impacted positive/negative affect and life satisfaction and, hence, indirectly
influenced cognitions about problematic Internet use. Examining the roles of self-esteem and subjective well-being will provide
a new starting point for further studies. 相似文献
11.
Amal Kanti Ray 《Social indicators research》2008,87(3):409-425
The economic reforms initiated in India in 1991 have brought about visible upliftment of economic conditions of the country.
This paper examines if the economic process is associated with an enhancement of India’s social development in equal measure
in the reform decade of nineties. Ray (1989) considered thirteen social indicators of India and constructed the country’s
social development index (SDI) as a certain weighted average of the selected indicators, for the years between 1950–51 and
1975–76. The present work broadly follows Ray (1989) in tracking the social development in the decade of economic reforms from 1990–91 to 1999–2000. The movement of SDI in nineties
has been compared with the movements of India’s per capita income and plan expenditure on the social sector. The results show
that though there has been growth in the social sector, it is not by far quite encouraging and perhaps more needs to be done
in the social sector.
The views expressed in the article are those of the author and not of the institution he serves. 相似文献
12.
Estimating a Dynamic Model of Sex Selection in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ebenstein A 《Demography》2011,48(2):783-811
High ratios of males to females in China, which have historically concerned researchers (Sen 1990), have increased in the wake of China’s one-child policy, which began in 1979. Chinese policymakers are currently attempting
to correct the imbalance in the sex ratio through initiatives that provide financial compensation to parents with daughters.
Other scholars have advocated a relaxation of the one-child policy to allow more parents to have a son without engaging in
sex selection. In this article, I present a model of fertility choice when parents have access to a sex-selection technology
and face a mandated fertility limit. By exploiting variation in fines levied in China for unsanctioned births, I estimate
the relative price of a son and daughter for mothers observed in China’s census data (1982–2000). I find that a couple’s first
son is worth 1.42 years of income more than a first daughter, and the premium is highest among less-educated mothers and families
engaged in agriculture. Simulations indicate that a subsidy of 1 year of income to families without a son would reduce the
number of “missing girls” by 67% but impose an annual cost of 1.8% of Chinese gross domestic product (GDP). Alternatively,
a three-child policy would reduce the number of “missing girls” by 56% but increase the fertility rate by 35%. 相似文献
13.
Biased health care decision making has been regarded as responsible for inefficient behaviours (for example, the limited insurance
purchase). This paper empirically examines two sets of biases in the perception of old age disability and longevity. Particularly,
we test for the existence of a so called cumulative bias and, secondly’ a so called optimism’ bias. Findings are suggestive
of a significant overestimation of disability risks but no overestimation of longevity expectations is found. Both disability
and longevity perceptions appear to exhibit a ‘cumulative’ pattern when mapped over time. Healthier individuals are less likely
to perceive high disability and longevity risks whilst female and younger respondents perceive a higher risk of disability
in old age at a population level but not at an individual level. 相似文献
14.
The Early Development Instrument (EDI; Janus and Offord in Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 39:1–22, 2007) project is a Canadian population-level, longitudinal research project, in which teacher ratings of Kindergarten children’s
early development and wellbeing are linked to health and academic achievement variables at the individual level, and to demographic,
cultural, and socioeconomic variables at the community level. In this article, we draw from Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological
theory of human development to create a coherent theoretical framework for guiding validation research within a population-level
approach to child development research in general and for the EDI project in particular. The discussion draws from a range
of social and health sciences as well as validity theory. The paper seeks to align complex conceptual, theoretical, methodological,
and psychometric considerations, to provide specific design, methodology, and validation recommendations for a population-level
approach to studying children’s development and wellbeing, and to discuss the strengths and challenges of this approach. 相似文献
15.
The objective of this study was to investigate the substantive aspect of construct validity of the Satisfaction with Life
Scale adapted for Children (SWLS-C; Gadermann et al. in Soc Indic Res 96:229–247, 2010). Specifically, the study examined the cognitive processes of children when responding to the items of the SWLS-C to find
out how they interpret and respond to the items. Think-aloud protocol interviews were conducted with 55 students in grades
4–7 (58% girls, mean age of 11 years, ranging from 8.8 to 12.8 years) and content analysis was used to analyze the data. The
findings indicate that most children had no difficulty in understanding the items, and used mainly two strategies for responding
to the items: (1) an absolute strategy, in which children used absolute statements to indicate the presence or absence of
something that is important for their judgment of their satisfaction with life, and (2) a relative strategy, in which children
used relative or comparative statements. In the absolute statements, children primarily referred to social relationships,
personal characteristics, time use, and possessions. In the relative statements, the children primarily compared what they
have to (a) what they want (b) what they had in the past, (c) what other people have, and (d) what they feel they need. Furthermore,
most children considered it important that information on their life satisfaction is obtained. The results are discussed with
regard to multiple discrepancies theory (Michalos in Soc Indic Res 16:347–413, 1985) and previous empirical findings. The results provide insights into children’s cognitive processes when responding to items
on life satisfaction and provide validity evidence that the SWLS-C is an appropriate measure to assess life satisfaction in
children of this age. 相似文献
16.
Immigrants living in new destinations in 1995 were 2.5 times more likely to have migrated to another labor market by 2000
as immigrants living in traditional places. The researchers look at two competing explanations for immigrants’ differential
internal migration patterns, namely that immigrants prefer areas with relatively large nativity concentrations which provide
them with social support versus immigrants are target earners who prefer robust labor markets with strong employment growth
and high wages. Utilizing confidential Census data for 1990 and 2000, the authors develop new destination classifications
for 741 labor markets that take into account the differential growth and composition characteristics of 24 Asian, Latin American
and Caribbean immigrant groups living in those markets. The empirical analysis of labor market out-migration indicates that
immigrants do not see internal migration as an either/or choice between economics and social support but prefer residence
places that allow them to maximize both conditions. 相似文献
17.
Yang-Ming Chang 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):1081-1098
This paper examines the rent-seeking behavior of “selfish” children in competing for parental transfers. The paper extends
Chang and Weisman (South Econ J 71:821–836, 2005), that focuses on compensated transfers, to allow for non-compensated transfers à la Buchanan (J Law Econ 26:71–85, 1983) and derives results for the case in which children’s time contributions as perceived by their parents are a merit good (e.g.,
service), pure waste (e.g., bugging), or a mix of both. For an increase in the proportion of time contributions that are pure
waste, parents find it optimal to reduce the size of an overall transfer, thereby lowering the levels of wasteful rent-seeking
activities by their children within the family.
相似文献
Yang-Ming ChangEmail: |
18.
Predicting adult health and mortality from adolescent facial characteristics in yearbook photographs
Several important longitudinal studies in the social sciences have omitted biomarkers that are routinely recorded today, including
height and weight. To account for this shortcoming in the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study (WLS), an 11-point scale was developed
to code high school senior class yearbook photographs of WLS participants for relative body mass (RBM). Our analyses show
that although imperfect, the RBM scale is reliable (α = .91) and meets several criteria of validity as a measure of body mass.
Measured at ages 17–18, the standardized relative body mass index (SRBMI) was moderately correlated (r = .31) with body mass
index (BMI) at ages 53–54 and with maximum BMI reported between ages 16 and 30 (r = .48). Overweight adolescents (≥ 90th percentile
of SRBMI) were about three times more likely than healthy-weight adolescents (10th–80th percentile of SRBMI) to be obese in
adulthood and, as a likely consequence, significantly more likely to report health problems such as chest pain and diabetes.
Overweight adolescents also suffered a twofold risk of premature death from all nonaccidental causes as well as a fourfold
risk of heart disease mortality. The RBM scale has removed a serious obstacle to obesity research and lifelong analyses of
health in the WLS. We suggest that other longitudinal studies may also be able to obtain photos of participants at younger
ages and thus gain a prospectively useful substitute for direct measures of body mass. 相似文献
19.
More Evidence for Trends in the Intergenerational Transmission of Divorce: A Completed Cohort Approach Using Data From the General Social Survey 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wolfinger NH 《Demography》2011,48(2):581-592
Many studies have demonstrated that the children of divorce are disproportionately likely to end their own marriages. In previous
work, I showed that the transmission of divorce between generations weakened substantially for General Social Survey (GSS)
respondents interviewed between 1973 and 1996 (Wolfinger 1999); Li and Wu (2006, 2008) contended that my finding is a methodological artifact of the GSS’s lack of marriage duration data. This article presents
a completed-cohort approach to studying divorce using the GSS. The results confirm a decline in the probability of divorce
transmission that cannot be explained by the right-censoring bias alleged by Li and Wu. This finding contributes to an ongoing
debate about trends in the negative consequences of parental divorce, as well as demonstrating a useful approach to right-censored
phenomena when event history data are not available. 相似文献
20.
Household production in a collective model: some new results 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Household models estimated on labour supplies alone generally assume non-market time to be pure leisure. Previous work on
collective household decision-making is extended here by taking domestic work into account in the Chiappori et al. (J Polit
Econ 110(1):37–72, 2002) model. Derivatives of the household “sharing rule” can then be estimated in a similar way. Using the 1998 French Time-Use
Survey, we compare estimates of labour supply functions assuming first that non-market time is pure leisure and then taking
household production into account. The results are similar but more robust when household production is included. Collective
rationality is rejected when domestic work is omitted. 相似文献