共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 16 毫秒
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Information technology has profoundly impacted the operations of firms in the service industry and service environments within manufacturing. Two models are introduced that establish a conceptual framework linking firm profit to attributes of the IT‐worker system. The framework considers the impact of IT capabilities (such as functionality and ease‐of‐use) and worker skill as drivers of output volume and quality. The framework contrasts attributes of the IT‐worker systems when services are mass‐produced (flow shop) versus customized (job shop). Mathematical models are introduced to formalize the conceptual framework. Numerical examples are presented that illustrate the types of insights that can be obtained from the models. 相似文献
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Rajib Lochan Saha Abraham Seidmann Vera Tilson 《Production and Operations Management》2019,28(3):650-667
Manufacturers and distributors of expensive implants and other medical supplies often require buyers to sign non‐disclosure agreements treating all information concerning negotiated prices as trade secrets. Such agreements make it difficult for hospitals to obtain accurate pricing benchmarks. To save on procurement costs and to obtain pricing information, most hospitals in the United States join group purchasing organizations (GPOs). GPOs are believed to lower procurement costs by aggregating hospitals’ demand. Whether GPOs indeed add value to the healthcare supply chain and produce actual savings for hospitals are debated policy issues, as evidenced by the ongoing discussions on the topic in the US Congress. Some hospitals procure using GPO contracts, and some try to improve on prices available via GPO contracts, negotiating custom contracts directly with the GPO vendors. Using a game‐theoretic model, we prove that GPOs that operate independently and allow for custom contracting limit the benefit of demand aggregation to smaller hospitals only. The larger hospitals gain primarily from using the GPO as an infomediary to obtain critical pricing information benchmarks. Our results further explain why the introduction of custom contracting lowers the value of access to this pricing information for the hospitals, and how the savings through custom contracting can be misleading. We reveal how GPO vendors can exploit information asymmetry about their prices and earn even higher profits, and why, contrary to the industry's belief, the resulting savings are never higher for any hospital, not even for the larger ones when the GPOs allow custom contracting. 相似文献
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随着跨境电子商务(跨境电商)的快速发展,网购消费者对跨境电商服务质量的投诉量持续增加。为了探索跨境电商服务质量的提升策略,本研究基于顾客感知角度,提出信息技术(IT)驱动的虚拟社区知识共享对易用性、可靠性、响应性和移情性等电商服务质量维度的影响模型。我们通过问卷方式对有跨境网购经验的顾客进行调查,利用统计分析软件对获得的458份问卷数据进行结构方程模型分析,得出结果：在跨境电商情景下,知识共享程度不同的顾客对易用性、响应性、可靠性和移情性的感知具有显著差异;IT驱动的虚拟社区知识共享可以显著地影响易用性、可靠性、响应性和移情性。根据此结果,给出了通过IT驱动的虚拟社区知识共享提升跨境电商服务质量的管理启示。 相似文献
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信息与传播技术企业的竞争与营销战略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我们生活在信息社会,在这个新的时代,先进技术被迅速转化成高科技产品,因此越来越多与ICT相关的高科技产品已逐渐进入家庭、办公室和公共场所。ICT这种新的媒介在不远的将来将彻底改变公司管理顾客事务的方式。所以,努力获得ICT产业的竞争优势对任何国家的经济或企业来说都是非常重要的议题。虽然,在高科技对市场营销战略的影响的研究方面已经产生了一些理论成果,但是,现有的研究中还没有直接讨论高科技对市场营销战略和实践的影响。了解ICT企业独特的市场营销战略与实践是现今企业生存和发展的必要课题。 相似文献
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Nowadays, suppliers’ product and service quality has risen in importance with a manufacturer’s push to develop core competencies and capitalise on global operations and markets. However, due to the complex features of business service, suppliers are facing significant challenges in providing service effectively and developing business collaboration. This is further complicated by the development of information and communication technologies (ICTs). This paper thus attempts to investigate the factors influencing buyers’ e-service (EBS) requirements and the impact of these requirements on business collaboration. Based on a questionnaire survey with 500 UK telecommunication manufacturers, this research identifies buyers’ different EBS requirements for different types of suppliers and the impact of ICTs on EBS requirements. While for suppliers our findings provide insights into buyers’ EBS requirements, they can help buyers to develop appropriate supplier selection criteria. The findings also contribute to a better understanding of the development of buyer and supplier business collaboration. 相似文献
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本文研究了信息不对称下厂商承诺行为对产品延伸服务市场结构与厂商博弈均衡的影响。通过建立寡头厂商的价格博弈模型,分析了无承诺,单边承诺和双边承诺三种市场中厂商的Bertrand-Nash均衡定价与相应的利润水平和市场占有率,并进一步探究了厂商行为发生的特点和条件以及对于市场结构和消费者福利的影响关系。研究表明:(1)厂商承诺行为影响信息不对称市场的厂商价格博弈均衡;(2)厂商承诺行为主要取决于产品延伸服务水平的阈值区间和消费者对产品延伸服务的偏好差异程度;(3)市场上的优势厂商总是承诺的先行者,并且会努力选择最大的产品延伸服务水平;(4)厂商承诺有助于提升服务水平,提升消费者剩余。 相似文献
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首席信息官评估信息服务价值的行为与决策研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文是针对企业在IT投资决策过程中评估信息服务价值的理论和实证研究。首先通过发放问卷,调研了中国信息技术密集型企业IT投资的决策环境和首席信息官(Chief Information Officer,简称CIO)的风险态度。其次,在调研结论的基础上,利用贝叶斯决策理论,建立CIO评估外部信息服务价值的数学模型。实证调研表明,在IT投资决策过程中,大部分CIO属于风险中性。针对风险中性的决策者,本文分析了购买信息服务所规避损失或者增加收益的期望值,并与信息服务的费用进行比较,以帮助CIO做出是否购买信息服务和是否进行IT投资的决策。在应用案例中,对一家大型电子商务企业进行了实地调研,并对访谈资料和文档数据进行分析。应用案例的分析结果表明:本文的研究结论适用于中国信息技术密集型企业,能够提供相关决策的依据。 相似文献
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通过本土扎根研究对高层支持的维度组成以及影响因素进行探索性分析.提出一个基于本土管理实践的框架模型,目的在于进一步理解信息化变革中的高层行为并为变革提供一定程度的理论支持.研究结果发现,高层支持主要包括资源支持、变革支持等几个重要维度;环境压力、技术优势、管理压力是影响高层支持的重要原因.企业家精神作为调节变量会调节上述自变量与高层支持间的关系. 相似文献
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《Risk analysis》2018,38(2):215-225
The government, private sectors, and others users of the Internet are increasingly faced with the risk of cyber incidents. Damage to computer systems and theft of sensitive data caused by cyber attacks have the potential to result in lasting harm to entities under attack, or to society as a whole. The effects of cyber attacks are not always obvious, and detecting them is not a simple proposition. As the U.S. federal government believes that information sharing on cybersecurity issues among organizations is essential to safety, security, and resilience, the importance of trusted information exchange has been emphasized to support public and private decision making by encouraging the creation of the Information Sharing and Analysis Center (ISAC). Through a decision‐theoretic approach, this article provides new perspectives on ISAC, and the advent of the new Information Sharing and Analysis Organizations (ISAOs), which are intended to provide similar benefits to organizations that cannot fit easily into the ISAC structure. To help understand the processes of information sharing against cyber threats, this article illustrates 15 representative information sharing structures between ISAC, government, and other participating entities, and provide discussions on the strategic interactions between different stakeholders. This article also identifies the costs of information sharing and information security borne by different parties in this public‐private partnership both before and after cyber attacks, as well as the two main benefits. This article provides perspectives on the mechanism of information sharing and some detailed cost–benefit analysis. 相似文献
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Laura N. Rickard Z. Janet Yang Jonathon P. Schuldt Gina M. Eosco Clifford W. Scherer Ricardo A. Daziano 《Risk analysis》2017,37(12):2334-2349
Research suggests that hurricane‐related risk perception is a critical predictor of behavioral response, such as evacuation. Less is known, however, about the precursors of these subjective risk judgments, especially when time has elapsed from a focal event. Drawing broadly from the risk communication, social psychology, and natural hazards literature, and specifically from concepts adapted from the risk information seeking and processing model and the protective action decision model, we examine how individuals’ distant recollections, including attribution of responsibility for the effects of a storm, attitude toward relevant information, and past hurricane experience, relate to risk judgment for a future, similar event. The present study reports on a survey involving U.S. residents in Connecticut, New Jersey, and New York (n = 619) impacted by Hurricane Sandy. While some results confirm past findings, such as that hurricane experience increases risk judgment, others suggest additional complexity, such as how various types of experience (e.g., having evacuated vs. having experienced losses) may heighten or attenuate individual‐level judgments of responsibility. We suggest avenues for future research, as well as implications for federal agencies involved in severe weather/natural hazard forecasting and communication with public audiences. 相似文献
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Panos G. Georgopoulos Christopher J. Brinkerhoff Sastry Isukapalli Michael Dellarco Philip J. Landrigan Paul J. Lioy 《Risk analysis》2014,34(7):1299-1316
A challenge for large‐scale environmental health investigations such as the National Children's Study (NCS), is characterizing exposures to multiple, co‐occurring chemical agents with varying spatiotemporal concentrations and consequences modulated by biochemical, physiological, behavioral, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Such investigations can benefit from systematic retrieval, analysis, and integration of diverse extant information on both contaminant patterns and exposure‐relevant factors. This requires development, evaluation, and deployment of informatics methods that support flexible access and analysis of multiattribute data across multiple spatiotemporal scales. A new “Tiered Exposure Ranking” (TiER) framework, developed to support various aspects of risk‐relevant exposure characterization, is described here, with examples demonstrating its application to the NCS. TiER utilizes advances in informatics computational methods, extant database content and availability, and integrative environmental/exposure/biological modeling to support both “discovery‐driven” and “hypothesis‐driven” analyses. “Tier 1” applications focus on “exposomic” pattern recognition for extracting information from multidimensional data sets, whereas second and higher tier applications utilize mechanistic models to develop risk‐relevant exposure metrics for populations and individuals. In this article, “tier 1” applications of TiER explore identification of potentially causative associations among risk factors, for prioritizing further studies, by considering publicly available demographic/socioeconomic, behavioral, and environmental data in relation to two health endpoints (preterm birth and low birth weight). A “tier 2” application develops estimates of pollutant mixture inhalation exposure indices for NCS counties, formulated to support risk characterization for these endpoints. Applications of TiER demonstrate the feasibility of developing risk‐relevant exposure characterizations for pollutants using extant environmental and demographic/socioeconomic data. 相似文献
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在对服务大规模定制特征分析及其服务阶段划分及界定基础上,研究了服务定制过程中不同阶段的规模效应特性及差异,探讨了服务成本、服务时间、服务能力以及服务规模效应之间的内在关系.进而,搭建了服务大规模定制模式下供应链调度优化模型及求解算法,并通过算例分析了求解算法的可行性、有效性及适用性. 相似文献
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Quentin Verspieren 《BUSINESS STRATEGY & DEVELOPMENT》2020,3(3):369-376
The potential of space and geospatial technologies (SGTs) for sustainable development is enormous. In particular, all Sustainable Development Goals can be approached though SGTs utilisation, making it a key area of interest for multilateral development banks (MDBs). This article argues that development banks have the influence and responsibility to mainstream the use of SGTs for sustainable development. It first presents the current utilisation of such technologies before introducing two specific directions MDBs should follow, namely the development of a space infrastructure and the support to the emerging private space sector. The recommendations made in this article are based on a pragmatic analysis of the potential of SGTs and on the actual scope of MDBs' activities. They can be easily implemented, without requiring significant structural or strategic change for any of the major existing MDBs. 相似文献
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It is common that SMEs recognize low-risk technological arbitrage opportunities in mature technologies, enter the global market, and occupy significant market shares. This opportunity is characterized by imitable technology complexity, market insignificance for oligopoly companies, and technology maturity. We propose a new and systematic method to recognize the most appropriate low-risk technological arbitrage opportunities for SMEs. The four-phase opportunity recognition procedure consists of technology complexity analysis, market appropriateness analysis, technology maturity analysis, and organizational fit analysis using empirical measures and analytic tools. An illustrative example of a company searching for technological arbitrage opportunities in semiconductor equipment is provided. 相似文献
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Agencies at all levels of government are facing strong ideological pressures to downsize, devolve, dispense, and empower both employees and recipients of services. These ideological pressures provide many performance advantages, but collectively they threaten historic notions of achieving economy, efficiency, and effectiveness, along with accountability. It has been widely assumed in recent years that advancements in information technology and performance measurement provide adequate replacements for the historic notion that accountability flows up-the-hierarchy to elected officials and the sovereignty. These technologies, however, are not yet able to ensure responsible administration or accountability in many areas of domestic government services. Today's public managers can play leading roles in developing alternative approaches for achieving accountability if they are supported by forward-looking human resources management (HRM) agencies. 相似文献