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1.
Proponents of social equality attribute low life satisfaction to income inequality in society, an inequality which occurs
when most people have relatively low income and only a few have high income. In contrast, range-frequency theory and other
social comparison theories predict that when most people have low income, they are satisfied because of the absence of relative
deprivation among themselves. This prediction essentially suggests that that the size of the group of individuals with comparable
income (i.e., income parity) sustains their life satisfaction. This theoretical prediction, however, does not consider their
desire to be distinctive. By incorporating the notion of optimal distinctiveness, the size of income parity may have a quadratic
effect on the individual’s life satisfaction. This is a hypothesis that receives support from the present study in Hong Kong,
China. The study finds a saddle point of income parity size associated with the lowest life satisfaction, other things being
equal. Furthermore, middle-income individuals have income parity size equal to or above this saddle point. They would have
higher life satisfaction with increased income parity size, which therefore leads to a more enlarged income inequality. Others,
however, may have higher life satisfaction with reduced income parity size. Hence, reducing income inequality would have mixed
effects on people with different levels of income.
相似文献
Chau-kiu CheungEmail: |
2.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
3.
In this article we examine gender differences in income expectations of students in higher education. We found quite large
gender differences. Men and women differ significantly in the income they expect to earn at the top of their career. We examined
how much personality traits contribute to explain gender differences in income expectations, and to what extent personality
typologies can add to insights about earnings potential derived from human capital theory. The research shows that personality
does affect expected income, that impact goes beyond personality’s indirect effects, which are conveyed largely through gender
differences and students’ choice of study subject.
相似文献
Ariana NeedEmail: |
4.
Michael A. Shields Stephen Wheatley Price Mark Wooden 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):421-443
This paper uses data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey to investigate the association
between neighbourhood effects and life satisfaction. We find that neighbourhood measures of social support and interaction
and the absence of socio-economic deprivation are positively and significantly correlated with individual life satisfaction.
Neighbourhood fixed effects, however, explain only an additional 1.5 to 2.5% of the variance in life satisfaction over the
14% explained by individual characteristics.
相似文献
Mark WoodenEmail: |
5.
Gregory Ponthiere 《Social indicators research》2007,84(2):203-230
Whereas period life expectancy constitutes an intuitive indicator of the survival conditions prevailing at a particular period,
this paper argues that, given the existence of welfare interdependencies, that widespread indicator is nonetheless an incomplete
measure of the longevity achievements relevant for human well-being. The central importance of coexistence for human-beings
implies that usual life expectancy measures should be complemented by joint life expectancy indicators, which measure the
average coexistence time under particular survival conditions. After a study of the theoretical foundations of ‘single’ and
‘joint’ life expectancy indicators, it is shown that joint life expectancy measures tend to enrich significantly the comparison
of longevity achievements across countries and periods. Moreover, the introduction of joint life expectancy indicators—as
a complement to conventional life expectancy measures—into multi-variable indexes such as the United Nations’ HDI is also
shown to affect international rankings of standards of living to a non negligible extent.
相似文献
Gregory PonthiereEmail: |
6.
This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous ethnic group.
Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and 2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate.
A reduced proportion of people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income inequality
declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income gap between Māori and Europeans declined.
The increased Māori employment rate during this period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income
distribution.
相似文献
David C. Maré (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
We estimate the cost of droughts by matching rainfall data with individual life satisfaction. Our context is Australia over
the period 2001 to 2004, which included a particularly severe drought. Using fixed-effect models, we find that a drought in
spring has a detrimental effect on life satisfaction equivalent to an annual reduction in income of A$18,000. This effect,
however, is only found for individuals living in rural areas. Using our estimates, we calculate that the predicted doubling
of the frequency of spring droughts will lead to the equivalent loss in life satisfaction of just over 1% of GDP annually.
相似文献
Michael A. ShieldsEmail: |
8.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
9.
Absolute Income,Relative Income,and Happiness 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
This paper uses data from the World Values Survey to investigate how an individual’s self-reported happiness is related to
(i) the level of her income in absolute terms, and (ii) the level of her income relative to other people in her country. The
main findings are that (i) both absolute and relative income are positively and significantly correlated with happiness, (ii)
quantitatively, changes in relative income have much larger effects on happiness than do changes in absolute income, and (iii)
the effects on happiness of both absolute and relative income are small when compared to the effects several non-pecuniary
factors.
相似文献
Kateryna ChernovaEmail: |
10.
Environmentally Responsible Happy Nation Index: Towards an Internationally Acceptable National Success Indicator 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Yew-Kwang Ng 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):425-446
Amidst increasing attention to happiness studies by economists, the New Economics Foundation launched in July 2006 the Happy
Planet Index (Marks et al. 2006). This is the ratio of the average happy life years (HLY) to the per capita ecological footprint of the country concerned.
HLY is in turn the product of the average happiness (or life satisfaction) index and the life expectancy index. Some essential
revisions to this index are proposed to reach an internationally acceptable national success indicator that aims positively
at long and happy lives but negatively at the external costs of environmental disruption. Hopefully, this ‘environmentally
responsible happy nation index’ will lead to some re-orientation of both the market and national governments towards something
more fundamentally valuable.
相似文献
Yew-Kwang NgEmail: |
11.
Bruno Amable 《Social indicators research》2009,91(3):391-426
This paper tests the impact of various determinants of the preference for two key elements of the European social models:
redistribution and trade unions, using individual data from the first round of the European Social Survey. The basic hypothesis
is that the main determinant of an individual’s support for these elements of the European models is the social position of
the individual in terms of income, status and risks attached to their labour market insertion. The paper also considers the
relative importance of less ‘materialist’ influences such as religion or other cultural determinants. The estimations show
that ‘materialist’ determinants are by far the most important influences on individual preferences, contrary to what most
social theories of modernisation contend.
相似文献
Bruno AmableEmail: |
12.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
13.
This study used a nationally representative sample of young people in Germany from the German Socio-Economic Panel to examine
how demographic and socio-economic characteristics of the young persons and their parents, personality traits of the young
persons, quality and quantity of relationships, the parent's level of life satisfaction, and other measures of satisfaction
for the young person are related to the initial assessment of life satisfaction by the individual at the critical point of
transition from adolescence to adulthood. The results indicated that consistency existed across different domains of satisfaction,
specifically satisfaction with life and satisfaction with grades. A strong pattern of association was also observed between
the subjective well-being of the adolescents and variables that measured different dimensions of the quality and quantity
of interpersonal relationships, including relationships with parents.
相似文献
Eileen TrzcinskiEmail: |
14.
Using data from the National Health Interview Survey for years spanning 1976 and 2001, this paper presents an age–period–cohort
analysis of weight gain throughout the life cycle. We find that while all ages experienced an increase in the prevalence of
those overweight and/or obese, the prevalence among young adults has grown at a faster rate than that of older age groups.
The increases in body mass index are primarily due to period effects, not cohort or age effects. From the ordered logistical
regression analyses, we find that the protective influence of factors such as education, income, and age on an individual’s
body mass index have decreased over time. The analyses suggest that the increase in the prevalence of those overweight or
obese is a phenomenon experienced by all demographic groups in the US, albeit to differing degrees.
相似文献
Beth DaponteEmail: |
15.
We are interested in the relationship between public policies and outcomes measuring quality of life. There is no outcome
more final than the ending of one’s own life. Accordingly, we test the relationship between public policy regimes and suicide
rates in the American states. Controlling for other relevant factors (most notably a state’s stock of social capital), we
find that states with higher per capita public assistance expenditures tend to have lower suicide rates. This relationship
is of significant magnitude when translated into potential lives saved each year. We also find that general state policy liberalism
and the governing ideologies of state governments are linked to suicide rates. In response to a growing literature on the
importance of non-political factors such as social connectedness in determining quality of life, these findings demonstrate
that government policies remain important determinates as well.
相似文献
Benjamin RadcliffEmail: |
16.
Measuring Well-being Across Europe: Description of the ESS Well-being Module and Preliminary Findings 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Felicia A. Huppert Nic Marks Andrew Clark Johannes Siegrist Alois Stutzer Joar Vittersø Morten Wahrendorf 《Social indicators research》2009,91(3):301-315
It has become customary to judge the success of a society through the use of objective indicators, predominantly economic
and social ones. Yet in most developed nations, increases in income, education and health have arguably not produced comparable
increases in happiness or life satisfaction. While much has been learned from the introduction of subjective measures of global
happiness or life satisfaction into surveys, significant recent progress in the development of high-quality subjective measures
of personal and social well-being has not been fully exploited. This article describes the development of a set of well-being
indicators which were included in Round 3 of the European Social Survey. This Well-being Module seeks to evaluate the success
of European countries in promoting the personal and social well-being of their citizens. In addition to providing a better
understanding of domain-specific measures, such as those relating to family, work and income, the design of the Well-being
Module recognises that advancement in the field requires us to look beyond measures which focus on how people feel (happiness,
pleasure, satisfaction) to measures which are more concerned with how well they function. This also shifts the emphasis from
relatively transient states of well-being to measures of more sustainable well-being. The ESS Well-being Module represents
one of the first systematic attempts to create a set of policy-relevant national well-being accounts.
相似文献
Morten WahrendorfEmail: |
17.
Barbara Wolfe Robert Haveman Karen Pence Jonathan A. Schwabish 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(1):73-100
We hypothesize that teen nonmarital birth events are influenced by adolescent girls’ perceptions of the consequences of their
choices. Two such consequences are explored: (1) a teen’s expected future marriage and cohabitation relationships and (2)
the present value of expected future income. We also measure the effects of the characteristics of the teen, her prior choices,
her family, her neighborhood, and the social and economic environment in which she lives. The results, based on the Michigan
Panel Study of Income Dynamics, suggest that teens place greater weight on the relationship consequences than the income consequences,
but that both consequences influence their nonmarital birth choices.
相似文献
Jonathan A. SchwabishEmail: |
18.
James Brumbaugh-Smith Heidi Gross Neil Wollman Bradley Yoder 《Social indicators research》2008,85(3):351-387
The National Index of Violence and Harm (NIVAH) tracks levels of violence and harm in the United States and identifies trends over the study period 1995–2003. NIVAH is comprised
of nineteen variables in the areas of interpersonal, intrapersonal, institutional and structural violence and harm as experienced
by people in the U.S. Two composite indexes are formed to describe overall trends in the realms of personal and societal violence.
In addition to describing the Index’s construction and most recent conclusions, various methodological issues and their impacts
on index findings are investigated.
相似文献
James Brumbaugh-SmithEmail: |
19.
Sibel Selim 《Social indicators research》2008,88(3):531-562
This research aims to investigate life satisfaction and happiness in Turkey. It extends the previous researches on subjective
well-being (SWB) for Turkey by considering both happiness and life satisfaction. The previous researches for Turkey are local
studies, and their findings cannot be generalized to the population of Turkish society. Given these facts, the factors that
shape individual happiness and life satisfaction amongst Turkish people are determined using a representative survey of sociocultural
and political change, World Values Survey (WVS). Some results obtained in this study are similar to typical findings such
as a negative age effect, positive influences of income and health status, and a negative effect of unemployment. Contrary
to the expectations, middle education has a negative direct effect on life satisfaction among females, and the upper education
level is insignificant in the life satisfaction model. By comparing the correlates of happiness and life satisfaction across
different years, this research aims to provide insights for policy makers and professionals to improve the perceived lives
of Turkish people.
相似文献
Sibel SelimEmail: |
20.
Labor Migration has long been viewed as a strategy adopted by the household unit to allocate family resources rationally to
increase the flows of income and to raise family standard of living. The research reported here examines the extent to which
remittances sent by Filipino overseas workers increase the income and standard of living of households in the Philippines.
Data for the analysis were obtained from a representative sample of 2,388 households drawn in 1999–2000 from four major “labor
sending” areas in the Philippines. The analysis compares households with and without overseas workers to estimate the contribution
of remittances to household income and to household standard of living (measured once by an ‘objective’ indicator and once
by a ‘subjective’ assessment). The data reveal that due to remittances the income of households with overseas labor migrants
is considerably higher than the income of households without overseas workers. The data also reveal that remittances are used
mostly for consumption purposes (e.g. purchase of food, clothing, education, and goods) and that most of the difference in
standard of living (whether measured on the ‘objective’ or the ‘subjective’ scale) between households with and without overseas
workers are attributed to remittances. The implications of labor migration and the policy that encourages and supports labor
migration for the Filipino society are evaluated and discussed.
相似文献
Anastasia GorodzeiskyEmail: |