城市街区型住区的规划策略研究

城市是人类社会的载体,城市居住是城市居民生活生存的重要组成部分,居住方式的选择将影响居民个体、家庭和社会的多层次物质及精神生活。随着居民价值取向与投资建设主体的日益多元化,人们渴望在住区与城市之间建立一种和谐发展的关系。街区型住区作为一种紧凑高效的住区模式,注重建立住区与城市之间的有机联系,营造开放共享的城市住区环境。本文追溯了街区型住区的历史发展过程,同时将街区型住区与传统封闭式小区、街区进行比较研究,明确街区型住区的内涵与特征,从思想观念、规划体系、管理模式与开发模式四方面分析我国街区型住区面临的困境,并提出相应的规划原则与策略,以期为我国街区型住区的开发建设提供理论支撑。     

人居环境研究与绿色住区环境设计

一、绿色住区环境设计的意义 绿色住区环境是一种以生态学的基本原理为指导,规划、建设、经营、管理的城镇人居环境。绿色住区环境的意义可以理解为具有生命与活力的城镇住区环境,它们具有优化的生存条件和使人们能够在住区环境中可持续健康发展的生活空间。除此之外,绿色住区环境还可理解为是自然资源消耗少、能源消耗少、无污染、无公害、具有地方特色的高居住质量、高性能、高生活品位及具有文化意韵的住区环境空间。     

德国生态新区的绿色交通规划——以慕尼黑里姆会展新城住区为例

绿色交通规划是生态城市的基础。1990年代中期,德国展开了一系列生态新城项目,以探索绿色、生态与人性化的未来城市模式。本文在对中德两国城市交通安全、交通规划用地与法规框架比较的基础上,以德国慕尼黑里姆会展新城住区为案例,通过对该生态住区的公交系统、非机动交通规划和机动车交通控制与管理等方面的详细分析,总结德国生态住区的绿色交通规划与管理的成功经验,以期为推进我国建设人性化的生态开放住区,促进城市居民的绿色出行与健康生活方式提供建设性建议。     

中国城市发展引发的地质问题与绿色对策

中国快速的城市化带来了许多资源环境交织的矛盾与问题,其中与城市地质环境相关的问题越来越突出。工程经济活动已成为城市地质环境的重大影响因素。城市绿色转型将带动中国城市化向更高的水平推进,也为城市地质环境问题的解决提供了新思路。从理性与适度增长、转变城市化的推进模式、系统地建设生态环境、优化经济布局、转变建设和管理模式和城乡地质环境的统筹等绿色战略方面出发,可以提高城市地质环境政策制定的立意高度,在未来城市的地质环境发展中充分地显示经济、社会和环境相协调的绿色思想内涵。     

时事

联台国人居专家蓉城指导评选 8月26日,联合国人居署“人类改善居住环境最佳范例”项目主管、人居专家游建华应邀来蓉。他就“人居环境与住区建设”问题与蓉城部分开发企业代表进行了座谈。在蓉期间,他还将指导“2004成都人居最佳住区”的评选工作。站在城市规划专家的角度,游建华认为人居安全、小区绿化、居住环境是最佳居住区必备三大要素。对于目前域市汽车数量增多带来的城市环境污染,游建华表示,成都应该注意有效利用汽车,减少汽车对城市环境的污染。     

中国城市住区环境质量综合评估及其可持续发展研究

联合国于1975年5月31日至6月11日在加拿大温哥华召开了第一次人类住区大会,通过了《温哥华人类住区宣言》,表明全人类对住区问题的极度关切。1978年联合国成立人类住区委员会,推动着人类住区的发展。根据1992年联合国在巴西里约热内卢召开的世界环境与发展大会决定,于1996年6月3日至14日在土耳其伊斯坦布尔召开了第二届人类住区大会,简称“人居Ⅱ”。大会通过了《伊斯坦布尔宣言》和《人居议程》。这两个文件成为21世纪人类住区可持续发展的大政方针。它体现了全人类渴望生存、     

生态文明建设与城市绿色发展研究综述

生态文明建设凸显了城市经济新常态下的执政新思维、新理念、新战略。城市绿色发展是遵循绿色、生态、低碳的可持续发展原则,以绿色的城市经济增长来实现城市的现代化、生态化、持续化发展。学者对生态文明建设与城市绿色发展的现状、问题、国内外经验比较、评价、路径等方面进行研究,尚存在诸多不足。未来研究需要深入研究生态文明建设与城市绿色发展的内在关系,全面阐释城市绿色发展的内涵与特征、问题与成因,建立城市生态文明建设政绩考核体系和选择有效路径。     

老龄宜居既有住区更新理念与住区化养老设施建设研究

文章分析了当前人口高龄化背景下城市既有住区的养老设施建设问题,介绍了国外在城市住区更新发展中的养老设施建设经验,指明了住区化养老设施的发展新方向。在对北京市八宝庄住区老龄化现状与养老设施实态调研的基础上,文章结合首开寸草恩济花园养老设施项目实践,在住区照护服务层面上解析了住区化养老设施对于创新住区养老供给模式、健全住区养老服务体系的推进作用;在建筑空间改造层面上探讨了设施内装工业化改造、部品集成化研发对于提升养老建筑空间宜居品质的积极影响。     

全球城市 北京最平等

联合国人类住区规划署（简称人居署）发布的《2008／2009年世界城市状况》年度报告指出，北京是世界上最平等的城市。该报告从世界城市的空间分布、城市规模的扩展或缩小、社会和谐平等程度及城市发展与环境关系等方面阐述了世界城市的现状。     

基于综合防灾的城市住区安全空间因子层级构建研究

城市住区规划建设偏重于空间区位优劣、环境舒适、户型合理和公共服务设施配套齐全等因素,而对于作为隐性公众利益的防灾系统效能问题,通常情况下除了满足最基本规范要求外,鲜少受到足够重视。对此,本文从系统角度出发,在梳理城市住区安全空间模式的基础上提出基于综合防灾的城市住区安全空间因子层级:首先将防灾阶段划分为预防和应急两个阶段,然后分别对两个阶段中需要应对的不同灾害种类所涉及的空间要素进行分类梳理,接着将各相关要素依次落实到城市住区的宏观、中观和微观空间层次中,最后通过对各因子进行分类与整合形成系统因子层级,以此指导安全住区的规划建设。     

Accuracy of the judgment of facial expression of emotions as a function of sex and level of education

The purpose of this study is to examine the recognition of facial expressions of six emotions as a function of sex and level of education (high school, college, university) of the subjects. Three hundred French-speaking citizens of Quebec had to judge which emotion was expressed in various facial stimuli presented on slides. Results show that overall, the recognition of emotions was very good. However, there were significant and strong differences between emotions and sex and levels of education did not have strong effects on the results.This research was supported by grant EQ-1717 from Fonds FCAC (Gouvernment du Quebec).     

公用事业公有制的多种实现形式

分析了公用事业由国有独资经营向公有制多种实现形式转化必须把握好的几个方面。同时,政府应加强对公用事业的宏观控制力。     

浅析廊坊市加快科学发展的思路及措施

主要从思想建设、产业结构调整、城乡一体化方面探讨廊坊市抓住发展机遇,加快科学发展的思路。     

Developing understanding of the idea of communities of learners

The idea of a community of learners is based on the premise that learning occurs as people participate in shared endeavors with others, with all playing active but often asymmetrical roles in sociocultural activity. This contrasts with models of learning that are based on one‐sided notions of learning— either that it occurs through transmission of knowledge from experts or acquisition of knowledge by novices, with the learner or the others (respectively) in a passive role. In this paper, I develop the distinction between the community of learners and one‐sided approaches from the perspective of a theory of learning as participation, and use two lines of research to illustrate the transitions in perspective necessary to understand the idea of communities of learners. One line of research examines differing models of teaching and learning employed by caregivers and toddlers from Guatemalan Mayan and middle‐class European‐American families; the other line of research involves a study of how middle‐class parents make a transition from their own schooling background to participate in instruction in a public US elementary school.     

The frequency of sexual abuse and depression in a sample of street children of one of deprived districts of Tehran

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of sexual abuse and depression among street children who live in a deprived district of Tehran. The researchers used the K-SADS questionnaire and a clinical interview were used to evaluate depression and sexual abuse in 87 street children in Tehran. Eighteen (20.9%) of the children had been sexually abused. Depressed children were 3.2 times more likely to be sexually abused than non-depressed children. Furthermore, 26 girls (86.7%) and 27 boys (48.2%) suffered from depression. The frequency of depression demonstrated a significant association with the father's or breadwinner's history of imprisonment or unemployment. Interventional programs providing education and support should be implemented for street children.     

劳动法视域下新生代农民工权利缺失问题

中国经济崛起和城市化进程过程中农民工的贡献有目共睹,城市让生活更美好的诱惑使得中国的新老两代农民工从农村流入城市,2008年1月1日的《劳动合同法》和《劳动争议调解仲裁法》让社会看到了改善农民工权利状况的希望,然而新生代农民工的权利保护尤其是作为一名劳动者的权利保护的现状依然不如人意,没有救济的权利不是真正的权利、迟来的正义是非正义,每年岁末对于农民工权益的突击性保障并不能从根本上解决问题,把包括农民工权益保障的社会问题纳入法治框架内、通过探析新生代农民工权利阙如问题及原因进而发现从制度层面进行解决才是解决农民工权益保障问题的根本途径。     

Evaluation of the location of cities in terms of land cover on the example of Poland

Urban Ecosystems - The increasing availability of remote sensing materials of varying spatial resolution inclines to look for methods enabling their use, both at planning the spatial structure of...     

Content-masking methods as determinants of results of studies of nonverbal communication

The present study was designed to determine whether the technique used to control the semantic content of emotional communications might influence the results of research on the effects of gender, age, and particular affects on accuracy of decoding tone of voice. Male and female college and elementary school students decoded a 48-item audio tape-recording of emotional expressions encoded by two children and two college students. Six emotions — anger, fear, happiness, jealousy, pride and sadness — were expressed in two types of content-standard messages, namely letters of the alphabet and an affectively neutral sentence. The results of the study indicate that different methods for controlling content can indeed influence the results of studies of determinants of decoding performance. Overall, subjects demonstrated greater accuracy when decoding emotions expressed in the standard sentence than when decoding emotions embedded in letters of the alphabet. A technique by emotion interaction, however, revealed that this was especially true for the purer emotions of anger, fear, happiness and sadness. Subjects identified the less pure emotions of jealousy and pride relatively more accurately when these emotions were embedded in the alphabet technique. The implications of these results for research concerning the vocal communication of affect are briefly discussed.Preparation of this article was supported in part by the National Science Foundation.     

Predictors of Substance Use and Mental Health of Children of Divorce

Abstract

This short-term longitudinal study examined psycho-social influences on substance use and mental health among children of divorced parents. The sample consisted of ethnically diverse fifth and sixth grade students, and compared children of divorced parents (CODPs; N = 176), who were an average of four years post-divorce, with children of married parents (COMPs; N = 213) who had never divorced. CODPs reported more life stress, less problem-focused coping, and more substance-using friends and family members than COMPs. Further, these variables were significantly related to CODPs' greater reported substance use, aggressive behavior, and depression than COMPs cross-sectionally, and longitudinally, four months later. The results suggest the importance of including both substance use and mental health outcomes in preventive interventions for CODPs.     

摩洛哥官方语言政策变迁背景分析

2011年7月2日,摩洛哥通过新宪法修改草案,确定柏柏尔语同阿拉伯语并列为摩洛哥的官方语言。自1956年独立后,摩洛哥官方语言政策经历了阿拉伯语独尊的"一元化"以及阿拉伯语和柏柏尔语并重的"二元化"两大阶段的发展和变迁。本文结合摩洛哥柏柏尔文化运动的发展状况,对摩洛哥政府放弃单一化、采取多元化官方语言政策的政治和文化背景进行分析,揭示官方语言政策与语言权利、话语权和国民身份认同等要素之间的互动关系,并从国内、地区和国际局势等层面分析摩洛哥官方语言政策变迁的影响。