农业院校低年级大学生职业价值观的特点

本研究采用金盛华、李雪(2005)编制的职业价值观量表,随机整群抽取212名农业院校低年级大学生,探讨了其职业价值观的特点。结果表明:①低年级大学生目的性职业价值观各维度按均分由高到低依次为:成就实现、家庭维护、地位追求、社会促进。②低年级大学生手段性职业价值观各维度按均分由高到低依次为:职业发展、规范道德、兴趣性格、福利待遇、轻松稳定、薪酬声望。③女大学生在福利待遇上的期望非常显著高于男大学生。④文科大学生在规范道德维度上的得分显著低于理科大学生。⑤大二学生在地位追求、职业发展和福利待遇维度上得分显著高于大一学生。     

论我国青年学生的保护性价值观及其教育启示

保护性价值观是拒绝与其他价值进行交换的价值观念,其具有绝对性、数量不敏感性、对象相关性、道德责任感、拒绝交易和愤怒等特征。对已有研究的分析发现,我国青年学生的保护性价值观具有知行不一致、受多种因素影响、对传统文化中保护性价值观念的认同存在模糊性和矛盾性等特点。对于教育工作者来说,应加强对青年学生个体性保护性价值观的教育;应针对青年学生的不同特点进行有针对性的价值观教育;应注重挖掘中国传统文化中所蕴含的积极的保护性价值观念。     

大学生价值取向心理实证研究

本文从心理学视野,通过心理调查、实验等实证性研究,探索现代化图景中大学生的价值取向,认为大学生价值观的所有分支维度中排序依次是:家庭爱情、公共利益、正义公理、全球意识、自信、自制、成就、慈善、学习取向、金钱权力、传统、刺激享乐.价值观实验结果显示,价值观教育干预对澄清价值理念行之有效.     

藏族大学生家庭价值观与亲社会行为

基于组织认同理论,以随机抽取的597名藏族大学生为研究对象,从"观念—认知—行为"视角,检验了藏族大学生家庭价值观对其亲社会行为的影响。研究结果表明,藏族大学生的价值观对其亲社会行为有显著影响,具体而言,孝道维度、男性中心观维度和家庭本位观维度均对亲社会行为有显著正向影响;家庭认同感在家庭价值观与亲社会行为之间起着中介作用;亲子沟通不仅调节了家庭价值观与家庭认同感之间的关系,还调节了家庭认同感的中介效应。     

实然语境与应然价值的双重变奏——大学生社会主义核心价值观之内化机理

推进大学生社会主义核心价值观的内化,应当从内化机理的角度进一步把握内含于其中的实然语境和应然价值之间的张力与平衡,进而以问题为导向,从理解维度审视和理解方法凝炼的角度深化对大学生社会主义核心价值观传承与内化过程的研究,以期更好地在高校中推动社会主义核心价值观的传承与发展。     

高校精神:对大学生价值观整合的影响

价值观教育的实质是大学生价值取向与社会价值导向的整合问题。在大学生价值观整合过程中，以高校组成人员的群体价值取向为精神内核的高校精神，无疑具有不可忽视的作用。一、关于价值观整合的界定一般认为，“价值观念指的是实际存在和可能存在的主客体之间的价值关系，主体的价值创造活动及其结果的性质和意义在人的意识中的反映，以及由此而形成的比较确定的心理行为取向或心理行为定势。”①即主体对于客体价值的选择性倾向。在价值观的三要素：价值目标、价值评价和价值取向中，“取向”被视作价值观念的直接表现而被置于最明显的位置…     

大学生生命价值观现状的探索性研究

【目的】探讨大学生生命价值观在自我实现、延续、终结、回报社会、无为和享乐维度上的差异。【方法】对温州医科大学及仁济学院学生发放大学生生命质量问卷,运用SPSS16.0软件进行数据统计并作出结果分析。【结果】大学生对生命价值有比较理性的认识,其中温州医科大学的大学生在自我实现、无为、终结、回报社会、无为和享乐六个维度上的值都高于仁济学院;男生的分值在延续、终结、回报社会、无为和享乐五个维度上高于女生,但是在自我实现维度上的分值低于女生;不同年级段在自我实现、终结、社会、无为四个维度上的差异显著。     

少数民族大学生社会主义核心价值观认同力分析

在改革开放不断深入与社会主义市场经济迅猛发展的当代中国,对大学生进行社会主义核心价值观教育俨然已成重要且紧迫之势。尽管社会主义核心价值观是中国56个民族核心价值观的"最大公约数",但在思维方式、民族心理以及社会信仰等方面具有诸多民族文化特质的少数民族大学生,在接受社会主义核心价值观教育过程中必然会因为族性和文化适应性问题产生或多或少的心理碰撞。从自我评价与他方评价层面考察少数民族大学生社会主义核心价值观认同力现状的研究认为,应挖掘网络思想政治教育优势,在关注族性基础上增强少数民族大学生的文化适应,具有较强的现实意义与应用价值。     

网络语境中大学生价值观的解读

大学生正处于世界观、人生观、价值观成长、成熟阶段,网络对大学生价值观的形成带来了冲击。网络语境中大学生价值观的冲突表现在个体性价值冲突和社会性价值冲突之中,并影响着大学生主体价值观的舒展、民主价值观的彰显和以人为本价值观的追求。     

大学生公共价值观及其行为研究

公共性是现代人的一种核心价值理念,决定着一个人社会行为的基本价值取向,它也是一个社会由传统向现代转型过程中社会成员是否具有现代性人格的重要标志。对352名大学生的调查表明,大学生认知性道德价值观与实践性行为价值观及其行为表现呈现出明显的差异,根本问题在于大学生公共性行为价值理念并未内化为其行为准则,显示出大学生公民道德素养的不足。加强大学生社团建设,推进志愿服务,是培养大学生公民素养和公共性行为价值观的有效途径。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.