教师“年检”冲击波

从入门一考到5年一检,教师资格考试将不再终身有效近日,随着《国务院关于加强教师队伍建设的意见》的颁布,教师资格考试和注册制度即将进入"年检"时代上海出台的新规规定,中小学教师首次注册后,每5年仍须注册一次.     

举措

安徽:试点教师资格定期注册打破教师"终身制"安徽省试点教师资格定期注册制,对在职教师将试点实行五年一周期的定期注册,要求年度考核合格、继续教育达到规定学时,师德表现良好的方能注册通过。目前安徽省已有部分市区完成了首次注册工作,下一阶段安徽省还将适当扩大定期注册     

国内外投资银行组织结构的实证分析研究

股票的发行审核制度是股票市场管理的第一道门槛,与该国的证券管理体系密切相关,是由其股票市场的发展程度、法律背景以及投资者的成熟度决定的。目前通行的发行审核制度共有两种形式:一是注册制度,主要代表国家是美国和日本;二是核准制度,大部分发展中国家采用这种制度,我国目前也是典型的核准制国家。股票发行核准制和股票发行注册制有本质区别,相应的投资银行运行模式方面也有巨大的区别。我国股票发行推行注册制改革将使我国资本市场发     

首创财力转移支付制度 浙江生态环保有了财政保障

案例背景早在2006年8月,原国家环保总局环境与经济政策研究中心课题组就提出了完备的生态补偿政策框架,然而,"怎么补、谁出钱、区域间如何协调"等一系列制度和技术难题困扰着该制度的全面建立。2007年9月,环保总局提出了开展生态补     

新农村实践

浦东补贴政策锁定“务农”二字 为切实增加本区户籍农民的务农收入．上海浦东新区政府决定，对直接和间接从事农业生产领域的。年龄在18至60周岁的本区户籍农民，实行务农政策补贴。标准每人每月100元。该政策今年8月试点，明年将在全区推行。今年初．中国社科院农村所副所长李周提出“注册农户”制度．外出农户不应享受国家与农补贴。     

信访工作札记(七)

政府办公室召开“信访工作研讨会”,会上．姚秘书提出的一个观点引起了大家的关注。他认为,制度、政策、决策与信访问题之间存在着某种内在的互动关系,制度、政策、决策是信访问题产生的大前提和背景;同时,信访反映出的问题也可以成为制度、政策、决策变化、调整的一个重要参考因素。制度、政策和决策可以“解决”一大片信访问题,     

完善会计委派制

会计委派制是在国有企业经济效益普遍滑坡、严重亏损,财务监督弱化,会计信息失真,国有资产被严重侵蚀的背景下提出来的,是企业改革及建立现代企业制度的一项重大举措。经过四年的实践,会计委派制试点虽取得了一定成效,但也暴露出一些问题,成为当前会计理论和实务界讨论的一个热点问题。 一、推行会计委派制的必要性 社会调控和监督体系还不完善。为了加强对经济活动的监督,我国注册会计师制度自1980年开始恢复重建。但由于注册会计师审计时间上与报汇总报表时     

日本对台的文化政策及其与“台独”的影响

本文以日本在台的"同化"政策为线索,以对台教育制度为核心,结合国际形势和日本对台的政治、经济政策背景,以探求其不同阶段的"同化"政策的变更。再通过其政策实施效果,看台人受"同化"和反抗的情况,以及产生这种情况的原因所在。     

关于我国注册会计师审计业务民事责任研究

随着市场经济的发展,一些上市公司财务报表造假事件频频发生,追究注册会计师的审计民事责任的诉讼也越来越多。本文通过阐述注册会计师审计民事责任的构成要件,分析我国审计民事责任制度存在的缺陷,进而提出了关于完善我国注册会计师审计民事责任制度的决策。     

从政府角色看提高CPA独立性的对策和建议

<正>本文从政府等监管机构出发,探寻提高我国注册会计师审计独立性的路径,针对我国政府机构对注册会计师行业的管制过多、管制不当、管制无效的问题,应该致力于政府在审计市场中的角色定位,主要解决的问题是政府与注册会计师协会如何管理我国注册会计师行业。一、我国审计市场形成的制度背景与CPA审计独立性的缺失从我国审计市场的发展历程来看,主要是在政府主导下依靠一些行政手段和力量来促进市场的培育和发展,注册会计师行业的每一     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.