制定《上海市推进科技创新中心建设条例》促进科创中心建议

制定《上海市推进科技创新中心建设条例》,既是搭建科技创新中心法律框架的必要,也是完善科技创新法规体系的需要.《条例》在立法目的、调整对象和调整手段上与《上海市科学技术进步条例》和《上海市促进科技成果转化条例》有诸多不同,不会造成立法的重复.《条例》需要明确科技创新中心的定位,完善科技管理体制,划定科技创新的区域布局,设定平台建设、科技市场体系建设和创新环境建设的制度机制.     

国家科技创新治理体系与上海对策总体研究

在加快建设全球科技创新中心的大背景之下,上海需从世界竞争大格局、适应经济发展新常态、区域创新辐射等维度统筹设计和思考定位,重点从正确处理政府与市场以及社会的关系、有效促进各类创新主体协同互动、改进科技创新治理机制、完善激励大众创业万众创新的制度环境等方面,推进其科技创新治理体系现代化,促进支撑科技创新发展的制度基础更加成熟定型,促进创新要素的高效聚集和有效流动,激发创新动力和活力,提高科技创新的质量和效率.     

中国金融市场开放创新与上海国际金融中心建设

中国金融市场开放创新与上海国际金融中心协同发展的突破口与重点举措有:全面开展以自由贸易账户为基础的资本账户开放, 推动人民币资本项目可兑换先行先试;积极稳妥推进利率市场化,完善利率定价机制;加快外汇管理体制改革,进一步推进投资贸易便利化;加快金融服务业对外开放,建设面向国际的金融基础设施和市场体系;加快金融业务和产品创新,推动人民币在岸离岸中心联动发展等.     

关于上海建设互联网金融软件基础设施体系的建议

当前,互联网金融软件基础设施体系建设面临的问题与挑战,是行业标准尚未建立、信用和担保体系不健全、从业人员素养有待提高、法律会计监管体系不成熟、数据库体系不完善等。上海应在建设互联网金融软件基础设施的过程中,构建互联网金融信息生态体系、建立行业规范、建全数据库,以"互联网金融软件基础设施的全面建设"来提高金融信息化水平、促上海"四新"经济发展。     

以科技资源开放共享提升上海科研公共服务水平

上海处于“创新驱动、转型发展”、建设创新型城市的关键时期,迫切需要充分利用各类科技资源,完善创新服务体系,不断提升自主创新能力：一方面,要进一步强化科技资源共享和优化配置,提升科技资源综合利用率;另一方面,更要推动“创新资源集聚”向“创新支撑服务”升级,促进科技研发公共服务发展,服务企业发展和产业技术创新。为此,上海应完善科技研发公共服务平台体系,推动企业创新发展;建立“科技资源数据中心”,优化科技创新资源配置;打造科技创新服务基地,培育壮大科技公共服务产业。     

北京市科技公共服务体系建设：现状、问题与对策

科技公共服务体系是科技北京建设的基础性工程。北京市紧紧围绕科技北京建设的战略要求,加大了科技公共服务体系的建设,取得了一定的成效。但存在的问题主要表现在：科技资源聚集能力强而资源共享作用弱;共性技术服务功能缺位,技术孵化、产业孵化功能缺失;管理制度的整体性系统性不强。加强北京市科技公共服务体系建设,应加强科技创新资源整合,促进科技创新产业联盟;尽快建立产业共性技术供给与扩散机制,根本解决创新服务功能缺项的问题;以提升自主创新能力、增强国家科技竞争力为政策主线完善政策体系,提高科技政策的系统性和政策效率。     

上海“五个中心”新一轮发展战略研究

上海要瞄准“科创为本、金融为纲、经济为目、航运和贸易为两翼”的战略定位,分两个阶段实现打造“三个圈层”的上海大都市圈、建设具有全球领导力的科技创新中心、叠加建设超级城市的战略目标。为此,要强化科技创新引领、升级科技创新中心,发挥金融联动、推动“五个中心”协调发展,推进国际经济中心向国际数字经济中心转型,推进国际贸易中心向服务化和数字化转型,推进国际航运中心向国际中转型航运中心转型。     

天津科技服务业发展研究——产业协同和制度谐振的视角

在界定科技服务业内涵的基础上,提出了科技服务业发展动因的理论框架,认为科技服务业与其他高技术行业的产业协同和科技服务业与制度的谐振是科技服务业发展的主要动因。运用统计数据分析了天津市科技服务业的发展历程和现状,对比了天津、深圳、北京和上海的科技服务业发展。分析了天津高新技术产业和制度环境对科技服务业发展的影响,以及这两方面动因与其他城市的差别。天津科技服务业发展与其他城市相比还有差距,主因在于高新技术产业发展和制度环境滞后,未来的发展需要从借力金融创新和滨海新区建设、加大政策倾斜和投入、推进市场化改革等方向入手。     

天津加快建设全国先进制造研发基地的研究

天津具备建设全国先进制造研发基地的良好基础,但在产业能级、产业聚集、创新能力、金融支持、服务支撑、人才支撑等方面仍有很多不足.对此,应把智能制造作为产业转型发展的主攻方向,加快改造升级传统产业和发展壮大新兴产业,着力构建科技创新体系、生产服务体系、金融支持体系和人才支撑体系,努力在产业整体规模、产业聚集度、关键核心技术、企业主体数量和实力、制造品牌质量上实现新突破.     

面向2035年上海科技创新治理现代化：现实基础与推进路径

面向2035年远景发展目标,上海科技创新治理必须不断适应日新月异的全球科技创新发展趋势,不断适应国际科技创新中心的新任务,不断适应超大城市治理体系和治理能力现代化的新要求。这就要求上海必须围绕推进国际科技创新中心建设的战略目标和总体布局,遵循创新发展规律和科技治理规律,以完善党对科技工作领导的体制机制为统领,以强化政府宏观科技管理的主导作用为关键,以更好动员社会组织和公众参与为支撑,以优化科技创新资源配置为根本,以建立适应科技发展趋势的法制体系为基础,以开放合作参与全球创新治理为方向,构建党委领导、政府负责、社会协同、公众参与、法治保障、开放合作的科技创新治理体制,努力成为全球科技创新治理的标杆城市。     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.