信息产业集群与经济发展的关联效应分析与研究

改造提升传统产业、加快经济增长从资源消耗型向知识技术型转化都离不开信息技术的应用和信息产业的发展,在世界范围内信息产业的发展离不开信息产业集群的发展,这是一个普遍存在的现象.本文运用产业集群基本理论探讨信息产业集群所拥有的成本优势、知识外溢与技术扩散优势、资源吸引与组织优势;分析信息产业集群对信息产业发展的重要性;并采用回归分析法结合我国国民经济发展和信息产业相关数据分析了信息产业集群和信息产业对经济增长和就业的贡献,对比发达国家的相关数据,说明我国信息产业还具有巨大的发展潜力,政府应加大投资,积极鼓励扶持推动信息产业集群的发展,使信息产业真正成为我国国民经济增长的发动机和驱动力.     

自创商誉确认及信息披露探讨

商誉作为企业的一项特殊经济资源,对企业的现实收益与未来发展均产生重要影响,随着知识经济时代的到来,企业内部资源结构正发生着深刻的变化,无形资源在其中所占比重日益增大,重要性也在不断提升.商誉作为无形资源的一种,在企业的生存与发展中发挥着愈来愈重要的作用.本文对商誉、自创商誉及信息披露相关问题进行了探讨.     

我国首家智慧城市实验室北京挂牌

9月15日。以“建设智慧城市，创新社会管理”为主题的国际城市论坛2011年年会在京举行。会上．作为我国首家智慧城市发展研究平台——“智慧城市实验室”首次公开亮相。据报道，智慧城市实验室将通过打造可视化的电子政务信息平台、智能化的领导决策支持系统和多元化的智慧城市共享空间．为未来城市可持续发展提供智力支持。     

基于改进型共引聚类的技术跟踪二维可视化研究

通过技术跟踪,可以了解某一技术领域的现状和发展态势,为技术战略的制定提供决策信息支持.当前,基于共引聚类分析的技术跟踪研究获得了长足的发展,但仍然存在一些问题,主要表现在数据关联的计算和聚类效率的提升上.基于此,文章从构建共引关联模型,改进系统聚类算法二个方面对共引聚类进行改进,并根据改进的共引聚类方法设计了基于多维标度模型的技术跟踪二维可视化工具.在此基础上,以公路工程领域为例,从个人、机构层面进行可视化实验,并着重对中国在此领域的技术情况进行详细的分析,以此判别技术领域的深层次结构,为技术跟踪的相关研究做一些支撑性工作.     

我国IPO定价效率问题研究——基于信息不对称与行为金融学视角

自中国证券市场成立以来,IPO定价效率低下的问题备受关注。文章尝试从信息不对称和行为金融学视角入手,分析IPO定价效率的影响因素。研究发现：信息不对称和行为金融学均较好地解释了我国IPO定价效率低下的原因。由于证券市场存在严重的信息不对称、易受投资者情绪影响以及股票市场效率较低等问题,我国IPO定价效率还有待进一步提升。为此,文章分别从个人投资者、政府及监管机构和上市企业的角度提出合理建议,以期改变我国证券市场的高抑价现象,助推IPO定价效率的提高,促进我国资本市场金融资源的合理配置,推动我国证券市场健康发展。     

档案信息自动化管理的现状及发展方向分析

随着人类社会进入信息化时代,信息已经成为了人类发展最重要的战略资源之一。档案作为企业及事业单位规范性文件信息与数据记录的载体,对档案使用部门工作的延续性有着十分重要的作用。在信息化时代,特别是在如今这个信息化大爆炸的年代,档案信息与先进的数据处理技术结合,能够极大的提高档案管理部门的工作效率,提升企业竞争力。本文从我国档案信息自动化管理的现状入手,在综合分析的基础上研究档案信息自动化管理未来发展的方向,以便为我国企业及事业单位确立档案信息化管理未来努力的正确方向做出贡献。     

西部资源产业可持续发展浅析

对于我国资源产业资源效率低下、不可持续发展的原因国内有很多研究结果,但是这些分析大多忽视了市场问题背后的政府行为。政府行为下的我国西部资源产业发展面临着严重的不可持续问题,如人力资本的挤出与物质资本的流失、资源型企业的"劣币驱逐良币"效应和替代效应以及恶性循环结构。为此,应转变观念,减少政府不必要的干预,坚持资源配置市场化,逐步建立合理的能源资源价格形成机制,实行有利于可持续发展的能源财税政策等,积极引导资源型企业实施可持续发展。     

经济发展中的城市效率分析 --理论发展及其比较

城市的发展对于经济与社会的发展起着带动和辐射的作用,城市发展、城市管理以及城市发展效率的相关理论分析有助于更好地理解一国经济发展、结构转变以及效率提升之间的关系,为制定相应的经济与社会发展政策提供更为坚实的基础。目前,对城市效率的研究与分析从不同的角度展开,主要包括价值角度、城市的功能角度、投入产出角度、城市的可持续发展等等,并由此形成了不同的研究方法。     

国外政府信息资源公开与获取法制建设经验及启示

现阶段针对政府信息资源的公开与获取,在我国仍存在立法缺乏、体系松散、层级较低等缺陷,为给未来法制建设提供借鉴,文章选取具有代表性的美国、英国、加拿大、日本、韩国,研究其取得的相关成就并总结经验,以启示法制化公开与获取政府信息资源的建设。     

我国颁布可持续发展科技纲要

为促进科教兴国和可持续发展战略的实施,保障我国第三步战略目标的顺利实现,国家科技部于8月14日在北京颁布了<可持续发展科技纲要>,以指导全国范围内可持续发展科技工作.<纲要>是根据我国<国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要>和<国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划科技教育发展专项规划(科技发展规划)>,以及未来十年我国可持续发展面临的人口、资源、环境等重大问题特别制定的.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Employees' perceptions of organizational restructuring: the role of social support

Organizational change and restructuring is often perceived as leading to increased occupational stress, impacting negatively on the psychological well-being of employees. This pragmatic study investigates the role of social support and dispositional affect as moderators of role stress post-restructuring for employees in a public utility company. A total of 176 employees, including 37 managers, 60 graded staff and 78 industrial staff completed a self-report questionnaire, approximately 1 year postrestructuring, retrospectively assessing role conflict, ambiguity, overload and positive and negative feedback pre- and post-restructuring. Results suggested that overall role stress increased for managers/ senior officers and graded staff, but not for industrial staff. Social support was linked with lower role stress, more positive feedback and less negative feedback at post-restructuring. For certain role stressors this impact was moderated by dispositional affect, but the effect was not consistent across occupational groups. Positive affect enhanced the effect of manager support in reducing role conflict for graded staff, and the effect of co-worker support in increasing positive feedback and reducing negative feedback for industrial staff. Findings suggest that managers should pay particular attention to support and feedback for employees during periods of chronic occupational stress following organizational restructuring.     

The Danish psychosocial work environment and symptoms of stress: the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore the main, mediating and moderating role of sense of coherence (SOC) on stress symptoms and on the association between perceived psychosocial work environment and stress symptoms. The sample includes 2053 Danish employees from 52 workplaces. Hierarchical regression models were applied for each measure of stress. The results strongly supported the presence of a main effect for SOC. People with high levels of SOC experienced fewer stress symptoms. A mediating effect of SOC was also supported. Thus, SOC in part explained the association between work environment and stress symptoms. In addition, some support for a moderating effect of SOC was found, suggesting that people with higher SOC coped more efficiently with work environmental strain that people with lower SOC. Taken together the regression models explained 11-32% of the variance in stress symptoms. The results suggest that measures of individual factors such as SOC should be included in analyses of the effects of work environmental factors on stress and well-being.     

Control at work: a generalized resource factor for the prevention of musculoskeletal symptoms?

During the last two decades two potent groups of predictors for work-related musculoskeletal problems have been identified: physical work load and poor psychosocial working conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects. In this study the buffering effect of control at work with respect to the negative effects of psychological demands and physical work load on musculoskeletal problems is examined. All study variables were sampled from 431 people working in geriatric nursing homes in Germany by means of questionnaires. Main effects and interactions were tested with multiple regression analysis. The results showed that control buffered the effects of high psychological demands, but not of high physical work load; the buffering effect of control was observed only when physical work load was low. The combined effects of demands and physical work load were over-additive. Thus, the power of different predictors for musculoskeletal symptoms depended on the level of other predictors. This suggests that the efficiency of certain strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal problems is likely to depend on the level of risk factors, with different strategies being appropriate for different levels of risk.