The Mode of Democracy with Chinese Characteristics——Based on the Mistake-tolerant Democracy

在新的历史发展时期,民主被提升到党的生命、社会主义生命和中华人民共和国生命的历史高度。但由于我国民主理论处于发展阶段,对新出现的法制改革比如深圳市、重庆市出台的试错条例尚缺乏解释力。有鉴于此,本文基于西方学者和中国传统儒家的错误观,提出了容错性民主新概念,并在批判西方民主理论的基础上,为深圳市、重庆市试错条例的出台提供理论依据。     

The Ideological Roots of the Literary Insinuation Event—— A Case Study on What Happened to Wang Meng

In the past 35 years,Wang Meng have experienced twice the insinuation incident for insinuation present in his novels,which is unheard of in the literary history.Insinuation incidents in the literary circles arise from how the reader reacts to literary works,that is,whether the reader is capable of figuring out from the works the author's insinuation intent,rather than the author's creative motivation.Ideologically,it is the fact that the reader confuses literature with real life,literary world with the real...     

Class Formation in the Communist Anti-Rightist Movement——A Study Based on the Archives of Tongbai County

建国初期,一场轰轰烈烈的反右运动在全中国展开.但是迄今为止,关于这场运动中右派是如何划分的仍然存在疑惑.尽管中共中央的有关文件为右派的划分制定标准,但在基层的运动中却不具有可操作性.因此两个问题被提出:一是右派、右倾、严重右倾有何差异?二是如何将其区分定性?本文以基层反右历史档案材料为依据,通过定性与定量分析方法,对上述问题给予分析与讨论.研究发现,在鸣放过程中人们对当时农村政策的批评,时以往政治运动的指责,以及在鸣放过程中使用的语言方式和情绪成为划分右派的标准,而这些标准程度上的差异决定了"右派"右的差异.     

The Synthesis of Altruism and Egoism——From the Perspective of the Theory of Evolution

达尔文进化论立足于个体选择理论,这使它难以解释社会性昆虫等的利他行为;为此,达尔文后来提及群体选择思想.群体选择理论直到20世纪60年代才被正式提出,却仍然面临利他行为与适者生存的矛盾.为此,亲缘选择理论和基因选择理论应运而生.这两种理论在一定程度上把个体选择与群体选择结合起来,但又各自面临新的困境.索伯-威尔逊模型区分了"群内选择"和"群间选择",前者以个体选择为主.后者以群体选择为主,并给出利他主义得以进化的条件.本文在索伯一威尔逊模型的基础上,进一步揭示了利他主义对利已主义的随附性关系,亦即群体选择对个体选择的随附性关系;同时指出,这只是适合于人类这种具有独立意志的物种,因而是一种次级关系.而对于包括人类在内的一切物种来说,更为基本的关系是:个体选择随附于群体选择.     

Distinction Between Variable Norm and Invariant Norm and Its Academic Significance——A Study Based on the Opposition Between Pragmatics and Norm

There have always been two opposite opinions on the relationship between pragmatics and language norm.Some scholars hold the opinions that language norm is not the shackles of language use,so language users can break the norm occasionally in order to achieve the purpose of communication.Other scholars believe that sticking to the norm is the presupposition of successful communication.According to them,the violation of norm is the negation of the function as well as the necessity of language norm.     

Deep Thinking of the India-EC Preference Case——Is GSP Scheme Beneficial to Developing Countries?

In 2005,India’s challenge to the European C ommunity’s(EC) Generalized System of Preferences(GSP) scheme resulted in a landmark ruling by the W T O ’s Appellate Body.T he Appellate Body had a landmark finding that the Enabling C lause imposes legal obligation on the preference-granting countries,w hich for a long time considered GSP treatment a conditional gift and designed their ow n GSP scheme as they saw fit.How ever,the guidance given by the EC-Preference case is far from clear: the legal uncertainties ...     

Qingli Literary Style and Wang Anshi′s Study on the Book of Songs

王安石的《诗经》学主要是在庆历学风的影响下产生的,庆历经世致用学风、尊《序》风气、疑古学风和性情思想等,对王安石“据《序》言诗”、《诗序》作者观及《诗》学性情论等均产生了重要影响.     

On Complementation and Integration of the Three Kinds of Cultures——Cultural Reflections on the 30 Years of Reform and Opening up

Started from the argument of Culture is the carrier of the reproduction of ideology, the model of reproduction and dissemination of different ideologies. this paper divides the Chinese culture into three kinds from a macro view. These three kinds of culture are national culture, elite culture and popular culture.     

Collective Intentionality and the Origin of Morality——Comments on Wang Haiming's Theory of Moral Autonomy and Heteronomy

王海明教授对他所谓道德自律论的批判犹如跟一堆假想的老虎搏斗。他所谓道德他律论实为彻底的道德工具主义;具体表现为道德价值外在论、计算理性、功利主义等三个论题;其最终所导致的是道德虚无主义。由于王先生没有看到集体意向性乃是道德的真正诞生之地,也没有注意到语言对道德的重大作用,所以,他错误地断言:动物不但有道德,而且有最高尚的美德。     

A Love Song to the River——On Mark Twain and His NovelThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn

通过《哈克贝利.菲恩历险记》这部作品,马克.吐温把美国式的幽默和严肃文学完美地结合起来,达到了前人从未达到的境界。在美国文学史上曾经存在过有关马克.吐温和这部作品的论战,其原因在于对作者及其作品存在不同理解。如果我们认真观察密西西比河,就能发现理解作者及其伟大作品的钥匙。密西西比河养育了马克.吐温,也为故事发生提供了背景。大河无所谓高尚和美好,但她帮助了那些以大河为他们生活中重要成份的人们向好的方面发展,许许多多像吐温和菲思这样的人都因河受益。通过这部小说,作者颂扬大河,针砭时弊,道出了美国人的愿望和爱好。因此,他和他的作品为美国人乃至世界所接纳。     

The Error Identification and Correction of Chinese Version of Criticism,Canon-formation and Prophecy——with Additional Discussion on the Translation of Harold Bloom's Other Works

<批评、正典结构与预言>是在国内学界颇有影响的"知识分子图书馆"丛书中的一本.但就在这部经典译作之中,却出现了多处明显的翻译讹错.这些问题主要分为三类:目的语处理不当,导致读者理解可能发生偏差或无法理解;出发语理解错误或不准确,导致翻译出错;翻译时脱离语词的具体语境,产生误导性翻译.在哈罗德·布鲁姆其他著作的翻译中也存在类似的错误.这实际上从一个侧面反映了当前国内西方文论翻译的尴尬现状.     

The Relation Between Buddhism Secularization and Jiangnan Folk Faith——Focusing on the Custom of Guan Yin and Cheng Huang in Ming and Qing Dynasties

明清时代宗教的发展越来越突出其实用性与功利性的价值,越来越趋向平民化、内容世俗化。宗教的世俗化意味着传统教义中的神圣性质在逐步地淡化和减少,传统宗教的仪式及组织也日趋简化,传统宗教放下身价主动向民间信仰靠拢。从江南地区观音信仰及城隍崇拜的盛行,可以看出明清时期佛道发展的这一世俗化趋势。明清时期的城隍神最初是由官方赋予的官僚形式,成为神道设教与打击淫祠的象征,但是苏州民众却将其逐渐演变成富有特色的民间宗教信仰活动,包含进丰富的民生内容。最终使得城隍信仰活动演变成为苏州城乡民众的狂欢节日。     

Learning to do well or learning to do good? Estimating the effects of schooling on civic engagement, social cohesion, and labor market outcomes in the presence of endowments

Although some point to the large effects of schooling on civic engagement (usually measured in terms of volunteering and participation in civic organizations) and social cohesion (usually measured in terms of social networks and relationship quality), the effects of schooling on social outcomes have not been estimated with the same rigor as the effects of schooling on labor-market outcomes, such as earnings. In particular, previous research has failed to consider (i) the many potential and often unobserved confounding factors (“endowments”) influencing both schooling and social outcomes, including family upbringing, innate characteristics, and personality, and (ii) the ways in which schooling pushes individuals in multiple directions simultaneously, including toward greater social engagement, but also toward more independent and market-driven pursuits. Using samples of unrelated persons, ordinary siblings, and identical twins, this study explores the effects of schooling on measures of civic engagement and social relationships, as well as labor-force earnings and labor-force participation. The siblings models reveal a more complex picture than typically suggested by standard individual estimates. On one hand, the results reveal a robust positive effect of schooling on earnings: well-schooled persons work more and earn more, albeit not as much as associations without control for endowments suggest. On the other hand, the results reveal more tenuous and occasionally negative effects of schooling on social outcomes. The effects of schooling on volunteering and membership in civic organizations, for example, disappear almost entirely with control for endowments. Also, within-identical-twins models reverse the positive effects of schooling on reports of support from friends, family, and coworkers. These results may reflect the tension schooling creates between market and non-market commitments, as well as between independence and interpersonal reliability. Schooling may, indeed, induce some pro-social behaviors, but schooling allows individuals choices of whether to pursue more personal interests as well.