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1.
We propose a method for computing indicators of the relative success of local authorities at integrating new immigrants in
the labour market, taking account of differences in characteristics of immigrants and local labour markets. The indicator
for integration success is based on mean duration from date of residence permit to start of an employment spell. We apply
this method to a Danish administrative dataset. Correcting for differences in immigrant characteristics and local labour market
conditions has an important impact on the estimated ranking of local authorities. We investigate how robust the ranking is
with respect to changes in the specification of criteria for integration success and controls.
相似文献
Eskil HeinesenEmail: |
2.
Deborah Cobb-Clark Marie D. Connolly Christopher Worswick 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):663-690
This paper examines post-migration investments in schooling and job search of immigrant families using new longitudinal data
for Australia. Higher education levels at the time of arrival are associated with a greater probability of enrolling in school
after migration. In households where the visa category would suggest that post-migration investments might be important, we
find higher rates of school enrolment and job search. Traditional gender roles appear to dictate which partner makes the investments
in formal schooling. However, labour market advantage, captured by principal applicant status, appears to dictate which partner
makes greater investments in job search.
相似文献
Christopher Worswick (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
Jackline Wahba 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):823-852
This paper examines the influence of adult market wages and having parents who were child labourers on child labour, when this decision is jointly determined with child schooling, using data from Egypt. The empirical results suggest that low adult market wages are key determinants of child labour; a 10% increase in the illiterate male market wage decreases the probability of child labour by 22% for boys and 13% for girls. The findings also indicate the importance of social norms in the intergenerational persistence of child labour: parents who were child labourers themselves are on average 10% more likely to send their children to work. In addition, higher local regional income inequality increases the likelihood of child labour.
相似文献
Jackline WahbaEmail: Fax: +44-23-80593858 |
4.
Dropping out of post-compulsory education in the UK: an analysis of determinants and outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyse the decision to drop out of post-compulsory education over the period 1985–1994 using data from the Youth Cohort
Surveys. We show that the dropout rate declined between 1985 and 1994, in spite of the rising participation rate in education,
but is still substantial. Dropping out is more or less constant over the period of study, though the risk of dropout does
vary with young people’s prior attainment, ethnicity, family background and the state of the labour market. The course of
study has a substantial effect on the risk of dropout.
相似文献
Pam LentonEmail: |
5.
We describe the functioning of a two-region economy characterized by asymmetric wage setting. Labour market tightness in the
leading-region affects wages in the whole economy. In equilibrium, net labour demand shifts towards the leading region raise
unemployment elsewhere and leave regional wages unchanged, causing an increase in aggregate unemployment. Based on SHIW micro-data
on earnings, we find strong evidence that wages in Italy only respond to Northern unemployment. We estimate that around 33%
of the increase in Italian unemployment during 1977–1998 can be explained by regional mismatch, mainly due to an excess labour
supply growth in the South.
相似文献
Barbara Petrongolo (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Maria Gutiérrez-Domènech 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):83-110
This paper investigates how education and the labour market affect Spanish individual decisions on the timing of marriage
and births, using a Cox hazard approach. It disentangles men and women, and two groups, Cohort 1945–1960 and Cohort 1961–1977.
Results show that female employment delays marriage in Cohort 1945–1960, but it has a reverse effect in Cohort 1961–1977.
We also find evidence that employment is a barrier for family formation since employed women postpone births in both cohorts.
The precarious Spanish labour markets, captured by female unemployment rates, delay family formation, especially by putting
off marriage. Male unemployment, at the individual level, impacts negatively on fertility only through delaying marriage.
相似文献
Maria Gutiérrez-DomènechEmail: |
7.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
8.
The study investigates depressive symptoms among 3,431 adolescents aged 13–15 years. The sample comprises both native Norwegian
and immigrant adolescents living in Norway. The main finding of the study is that the level of depressive symptoms is significantly
higher among the immigrant adolescents than their Norwegian counterparts. When analysed separately for boys and girls, the
difference is still significant for boys. Generally depressive symptoms are significantly higher among girls than among boys.
Depressive symptoms, especially in boys, may also be related to the degree of urbanization of the area they live in. In cities,
there is a significant difference between native Norwegian and immigrant boys, with immigrant boys having a higher level of
depressive symptoms than native Norwegians. The implications for future research about immigrant adolescents and their psychosocial
adjustment are discussed.
相似文献
Hildegunn FandremEmail: |
9.
Vanessa Gash 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):569-586
This paper examines the extent of and the mechanisms behind the penalty to motherhood in six European countries. Each country
provides different levels of support for maternal employment allowing us to determine institutional effects on labour market
outcome. While mothers tend to earn less than non-mothers, the penalty to motherhood is considerably lower in countries with
policy support for working mothers. The paper establishes the United Kingdom and West Germany to have the least policy support
for working mothers as well as the largest penalties to motherhood.
相似文献
Vanessa GashEmail: |
10.
Germany is known to have one of the lowest fertility rates among Western European countries and also relatively low employment
rates of mothers with young children. Although these trends have been observed during the last decades, the German public
has only recently begun discussing these issues. In order to reverse these trends, the German government recently passed a
reform of the parental leave benefit system in line with the model practiced in Nordic countries. The core piece of the reform
is the replacement of the existing means-tested parental leave benefit by a wage-dependent benefit for the period of one year.
In this paper we simulate fiscal costs and expected labour market outcomes of this reform. Based on a micro-simulation model
for Germany we calculate first-round effects, which assume no behavioural changes and second-round effects, where we take
labour supply changes into account. Our results show that on average all income groups, couples and single households, benefit
from the reform. The calculation of overall costs of the reform shows that the additional costs are moderate. As far as the
labour market behaviour of parents is concerned, we find no significant changes of labour market outcomes in the first year
after birth. However, in the second year, mothers increase their working hours and labour market participation significantly.
Our results suggest that the reform will achieve one of its aims, namely the increase in the labour market participation of
mothers with young children.
相似文献
Katharina WrohlichEmail: |
11.
Too many migrants, too few services: a model of decision-making on immigration and integration with cultural distance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We model the political demand for immigrants as a trade-off that native voters face between having services, assumed to be
produced only by unskilled and nonassimilated immigrants, and experiencing disutility due to the immigrant workers having
a culture different from the native culture. Immigrants decide whether to integrate into the native culture. We show that
if services are priced according to per unit costs, the market demand for immigrants will exceed the political demand. Market
forces then lead to higher services prices, implying that the initially allowed number of immigrants is ‘politically’ too
large.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
12.
Unemployment rates, as well as income per capita, differ vastly across the regions of Europe. Labour mobility can play a role
in resolving regional disparities. This paper focuses on the questions of why labour mobility is low in the EU and how it
is possible that it remains low. We explore whether changes in male and female labour participation act as an important alternative
adjustment mechanism. We answer this question in the affirmative. We argue that female labour participation is very important
in adjusting to regional disparities.
相似文献
Ashok Parikh (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
14.
This paper studies natives’ economically motivated preferences over different levels of immigration of low-income earners. Immigration affects natives through both intra- and intergenerational redistribution programmes and in the labour market. Our analysis suggests, in a welfare state that looks after the poor and the aged, economic motivation does not necessarily lead a native to have an extreme opinion on the preferable level of immigration, although it causes disagreement among natives. We find, regardless of parameter values, high-income earners prefer at least as much immigration as low-income earners who, in turn, prefer at least as much immigration as pensioners. The median voter is then likely to be a low-income native.
相似文献
Yuji TamuraEmail: Fax: +44-24-76523032 |
15.
This paper examines human capital gap between titular ethnicities and Russian-speaking minorities, which has emerged in Estonia,
Latvia, and Lithuania during the transition and remains significant after controlling for parental education. For recent cohorts,
unexplained gap is declining in Lithuania (despite absence of Russian language tertiary education) and in Estonia. Furthermore,
we investigate intergenerational mobility in the Baltic countries. Parental education has a strong positive effect on propensity
to obtain tertiary education, both in the Soviet era and post-Soviet period. Transition to the market has weakened mother’s
education effect for titular ethnicities, while the opposite is true for minorities.
相似文献
Olga RastriginaEmail: |
16.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
17.
Bruno Amable 《Social indicators research》2009,91(3):391-426
This paper tests the impact of various determinants of the preference for two key elements of the European social models:
redistribution and trade unions, using individual data from the first round of the European Social Survey. The basic hypothesis
is that the main determinant of an individual’s support for these elements of the European models is the social position of
the individual in terms of income, status and risks attached to their labour market insertion. The paper also considers the
relative importance of less ‘materialist’ influences such as religion or other cultural determinants. The estimations show
that ‘materialist’ determinants are by far the most important influences on individual preferences, contrary to what most
social theories of modernisation contend.
相似文献
Bruno AmableEmail: |
18.
Patricio Solís Thomas W. Pullum Jenifer Bratter 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(3):279-298
This paper reviews changes in homogamy by migration status and educational level in Monterrey, Mexico, through the analysis
of marriage patterns for two cohorts of men born in 1905–1934 and 1940–1969. Results show a significant increase in educational
homogamy, as well as in homogamy by rural origins. The changes suggest that education has played an increasingly important
role in the process of mate selection, although certain particularistic characteristics, such as being a rural immigrant,
are still important in marriage formation. The paper concludes with a discussion of the implications of these findings for
the relationship between homogamy and social stratification.
相似文献
Patricio SolísEmail: |
19.
Michael Haan 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):751-771
In recent years, successive cohorts of immigrants to Canada have experienced a striking level of deterioration in their economic
well-being. At the same time, more immigrants than ever before are choosing to live in Montréal, Toronto, or Vancouver, Canada’s
three-first-tier or ‘gateway cities’. This paper uses instrumental variable regression techniques to determine the extent
to which gateway city clustering is related to immigrant economic well-being. It identifies whether employment status, earnings,
and employment suitability would significantly improve if more immigrants chose to live outside of Canada’s three gateway
cities. The results suggest that, for the most part, although immigrants do worse than the native-born in gateway cities,
they do experience marginally higher earnings than their non-gateway counterparts. Income and unemployment rates are higher
for immigrants in gateway cities than they are for the native-born, but the gateway/non-gateway disparity is minimal. Levels
of employment mismatch are substantially higher in gateway cities, compared to both the gateway city native-born population,
and non-gateway immigrants. An analysis of the data shows that only marginal improvements to economic well-being would result
from an increase in non-gateway immigration, and that there are other factors, like race or skin colour, that seem to be more
closely linked to labour market success.
相似文献
Michael HaanEmail: |
20.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |