"品牌资产"模式与中国消费市场

本文主要研究是否Keller的基于顾客品牌资产的概念和模式适用于中国消费市场?主要以研究品牌的认识,品牌的联想,对顾客的购买愿意所产品的影响.通过对相对便宜并且经常购买的饮品类产品(可口可乐,百视可乐,娃哈哈非常可乐,汾湟可乐),较贵的,但不不经购买的运动类产品(阿迪达斯,耐克,李宁,邓亚萍)以及耐用消费品电视机(索尼,松下,长虹,康佳)的市场调查分析,来衡量是否品牌的回忆,品牌的认识,品牌的唯一性,品牌的保证功能,品牌的忠诚度,品牌的个性化,品牌的地位作用对中国客户的购买愿意产生的肯定或否定的影响作用.通过衡量总结出适于中国消费市场的基于顾客品牌资产的维度.     

“品牌资产”模式与中国消费市场

本文主要研究是否Keller的基于顾客品牌资产的概念和模式适用于中国消费市场?主要以研究品牌的认识,品牌的联想,对顾客的购买愿意所产品的影响。通过对相对便宜并且经常购买的饮品类产品(可口可乐,百视可乐,娃哈哈非常可乐,汾湟可乐),较贵的,但不不经购买的运动类产品(阿迪达斯,耐克,李宁,邓亚萍)以及耐用消费品电视机(索尼,松下,长虹,康佳)的市场调查分析,来衡量是否品牌的回忆,品牌的认识,品牌的唯一性,品牌的保证功能,品牌的忠诚度,品牌的个性化,品牌的地位作用对中国客户的购买愿意产生的肯定或否定的影响作用。通过衡量总结出适于中国消费市场的基于顾客品牌资产的维度。     

供应商品牌溢出价值、品牌关系质量与采购商重复购买意向:基于采购商视角

采购商的重复购买对于供应商获取持续的利润来源至关重要.在影响采购商重复购买意向的众多因素中,对于供应商品牌的关注度明显不足.本文从采购商角度,基于关系营销理念,提出了理论模型及研究假设,通过搜集国内企业的相关数据,对供应商品牌的溢出价值影响品牌关系质量进而影响采购商重复购买意向的相关假设进行了实证研究.结果表明,供应商品牌带给采购商的财务价值、顾客价值和管理价值都能正向影响企业间的品牌信任和品牌承诺,从而有助于提升采购商的重购意向.但管理价值不仅正向影响采购商的品牌信任和品牌承诺,而且可以增强其对于品牌的满意程度,而财务价值和顾客价值对于品牌满意却无显著影响.     

公司品牌与产品品牌对购买意向影响的实证研究

以在校学生为研究对象,通过实验研究方法,实证了公司品牌及产品品牌对购买意向均具有显著的正向影响关系,并且,公司品牌比产品品牌对购买意向的正向影响更为显著.进一步实验表明,在产品品牌强度相同的条件下,被试对具有较强公司品牌的购买意向更为显著.研究结果说明,在中国市场,顾客的购买决策主要依赖"从公司到产品"的思维模式.研究结论弥补了现有品牌理论对购买意向实证研究的缺乏,为企业选择公司品牌与产品品牌的创建顺序提供了理论支持.     

基于品牌依恋的品牌社群经营研究

传统顾客关系研究的焦点是顾客与企业之间的关系,而"品牌社群"概念的提出,则着眼于购买使用同一品牌或对该品牌深感兴趣的顾客之间的关系.本文从解析品牌依恋和品牌社群的内涵入手,通过分析品牌社群经营的理论基础,提出强势品牌是品牌社群构建的基础,顾客价值是品牌社群维系的纽带,情感营销是品牌社群发展的保障.有效经营品牌社群是企业维系进而发展顾客关系,提升顾客品牌忠诚度的主要策略.     

如何提升织里品牌童装的市场竞争力

本文通过对织里品牌童装现状存在的不足分析,指出通过精确品牌定位,细分目标市场,做个性化的品牌;强化品牌形象,深化品牌内涵,重视产品设计理念的贯彻;强化品牌质量,提升品牌附加值,赢取顾客的品牌忠诚度等提升织里品牌童装的市场竞争力。     

消费品促销组合的博弈分析及促销方式变革

中国正步入品牌竞争时代,产品竞争日益转化为品牌的竞争。各种促销手段在消费品各寿命周期的运用,将有助于塑造强势品牌形象,培育顾客品牌忠诚度,进而简化顾客的购买过程。本文运用策略博弈分析和AHP检验,得出了消费品各寿命周期培育品牌的最优策略和促销方式,同时分析了家电市场促销竞争的“影子效应”,探讨了基于顾客价值演进的促销方式变革。     

卓越体验才能赢得顾客忠诚

要想提高顾客的品牌忠诚度,就必须为顾客创造卓越的品牌消费体验,唯有此,才能从根本上提升消费者的满意度,进而通过高度的满意感来提升顾客的品牌忠诚度     

消费者重复购买意向及其影响因素的实证研究

探究了感知价值、顾客满意、转移成本和消费时间间隔4个因素对重复购买意向的影响。结果发现感知价值、顾客满意、转移成本对重复购买意向有正相关关系,而消费时间间隔对重复购买意向并无显著的影响关系。同时,感知价值与顾客满意之间存在正向的影响关系,转移成本与顾客满意之间并不存在显著的影响关系。     

基于消费者角度的企业品牌忠诚度管理

没有品牌的产品或服务是很难有长久发展的。随着全球化竞争和本土竞争国际化的到来,培育和维护顾客对品牌的忠诚不仅成为提升本土品牌竞争力的关键,而且成为本土品牌应对国际挑战的基本策略。本文从企业的管理层面和对消费者认识层面对其原因进行了分析,并从消费者的角度并提出了品牌忠诚度管理的对策。     

Criteria for selecting a production control philosophy

Logistic objectives constitute a compromise between having short leadtimes and a low volume of work in progress on the one hand and a high resource loading and due date obligation on the other. Miscellaneous production planning approaches offered today provide different combinations of logistic objectives for satisfying a manufacturing strategy. To combine the strength of the various approaches into a unified system, a new approach based on a dynamic and distributed production planning methodology is proposed. To customize the approach, various analyses and specifications have to be made and for that reason some important characteristics and criteria for analysing production control philosophies will be given.     

The social construction of the meaning of acute stressors: a qualitative study of the personal accounts of police officers using a stress counselling service

The police profession is one in which acute stressors are encountered more frequently than in other occupations. Using the personal accounts of 35 police officers attending an in-house stress counselling clinic, the aim of the present study was to provide a qualitative examination of how the institutional context of policing influenced the ways in which acute stressors signified to individual police officers experiencing felt distress. Using the framework of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy as an analytical tool, it is argued that beliefs contributing to the experience of felt distress are related to the way in which policing as both an identity and an activity is constructed through the police organizational culture. Not only do these constructions influence the ways in which officers perceive themselves and their environments, but they also operate at the collective level to 'normalize' some emotional responses and to 'pathologize' others which, it is argued, could impact upon the outcomes of interventions such as stress counselling.     

The moderating role of social support in Karasek's job strain model

This paper examines whether social support is a boundary-determining criterion in the job strain model of Karasek (1979). The particular focus is the extent to which different sources of social support, work overload and task control influence job satisfaction, depersonalization and supervisor assessments of work performance. Hypotheses are tested using prospective survey data from 80 clerical staff in a university setting. Results revealed 3-way interactions among levels of support (supervisor, co-worker, non-work), perceived task control and work overload on levels of work performance and employee adjustment (self-report). After controlling for levels of negative affect in all analyses, there was evidence that high levels of supervisor support mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of job satisfaction and reduced reported levels of depersonalization. Moreover, high levels of non-work support and co-worker support also mitigated against the negative effects of high strain jobs on levels of work performance. The results are discussed in terms of the importance of social support networks both at, and beyond, the work context.     

Job insecurity, coping resources and personality dispositions in occupational strain

This paper presents research on the relationships between the work-related stressor of perceived job insecurity and various indicators of occupational strain, taking into account employees' personality dispositions (trait negative and positive affectivity) and coping resources. Respondents were 222 Australian public servants surveyed during organizational restructuring that involved downsizing and threat to job certainty. The research was formulated within an adaptation of Osipow, Doty, and Spokane's (1985) framework of stress-strain-coping that included the possible direct as well as moderating effects of personality dispositions in reporting occupational strain (Parkes, 1990). Findings from hierarchical regression analyses indicate consistent significant independent effects of personality dispositions, coping resources and perceived job insecurity on various indicators of strain. There was also support for the moderating roles of negative affectivity and self-care in the relation between perceived job insecurity and physical strain. Implications for the role of dispositional factors, especially negative affectivity, and the utility of various coping resources in accounting for occupational strain in times of threatened job security are discussed.     

Introduction to Special Section on Sensitivity Analysis and Summary of NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis

This guest editorial is a summary of the NCSU/USDA Workshop on Sensitivity Analysis held June 11–12, 2001 at North Carolina State University and sponsored by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Office of Risk Assessment and Cost Benefit Analysis. The objective of the workshop was to learn across disciplines in identifying, evaluating, and recommending sensitivity analysis methods and practices for application to food‐safety process risk models. The workshop included presentations regarding the Hazard Assessment and Critical Control Points (HACCP) framework used in food‐safety risk assessment, a survey of sensitivity analysis methods, invited white papers on sensitivity analysis, and invited case studies regarding risk assessment of microbial pathogens in food. Based on the sharing of interdisciplinary information represented by the presentations, the workshop participants, divided into breakout sessions, responded to three trigger questions: What are the key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods applied to food‐safety risk assessment? What sensitivity analysis methods are most promising for application to food safety and risk assessment? and What are the key needs for implementation and demonstration of such methods? The workshop produced agreement regarding key criteria for sensitivity analysis methods and the need to use two or more methods to try to obtain robust insights. Recommendations were made regarding a guideline document to assist practitioners in selecting, applying, interpreting, and reporting the results of sensitivity analysis.     

Job stress, job strain, and psychological withdrawal among Dutch university staff: towards a dualprocess model for the effects of occupational stress

This study examined the antecedents of job strain (emotional exhaustion, health complaints) and withdrawal behaviour (e.g. lowered organizational commitment) among a cross-sectional sample of 131 academic staff members of the law department of a large Dutch university. Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989) provided the theoretical background for this study. Strains and withdrawal behaviours were expected to be most prominent among those who reported having few resources and/or who reported high job demands. Structural equation modelling revealed that this was indeed the case. As predicted, differential patterns of effects emerged for job demands and job resources. Analysis of the effects of four job-specific stressors revealed that especially the structural aspects of a staff member's teaching task (e.g. the number of students in their classes) contributed strongly to perceived job demands. Theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.     

Distinguishing traumatic, vicarious and routine operational stressor exposure and attendant adverse consequences in a sample of police officers

Problems in studying occupational stress within the police service are identified and the paucity of work on operational duties as potential stressors are discussed. The present study reports the results of a factor analysis of operational stressors (N = 601 serving British police officers) that revealed three factors: exposure to death and disaster; violence and injury; sexual crime. These were demonstrated to be reliable scales and were included in logistic regression models together with a range of demographic and psychological variables. Models were applied to men and women separately, which showed there to be different predictors of the likelihood of suffering distress (measured by the General Health Questionnaire, GHQ) in terms of the officer's gender and operational role. Overall the model for women officers was better at predicting psychological distress than that for men. These findings are related to aspects of the police occupational culture. Further discussion is offered that conceptualizes police operational stressors as traumatic, routine and vicarious. Finally, some implications are drawn for the provision of stress intervention in the light of this differentiation.     

Dermal Uptake of 18 Dilute Aqueous Chemicals: In Vivo Disappearance‐Method Measures Greatly Exceed In Vitro‐Based Predictions

Average rates of total dermal uptake (K_up) from short‐term (e.g., bathing) contact with dilute aqueous organic chemicals (DAOCs) are typically estimated from steady‐state in vitro diffusion‐cell measures of chemical permeability (K_p) through skin into receptor solution. Widely used (“PCR‐vitro”) methods estimate K_up by applying diffusion theory to increase K_p predictions made by a physico‐chemical regression (PCR) model that was fit to a large set of K_p measures. Here, K_up predictions for 18 DAOCs made by three PCR‐vitro models (EPA, NIOSH, and MH) were compared to previous in vivo measures obtained by methods unlikely to underestimate K_up. A new PCR model fit to all 18 measures is accurate to within approximately threefold (r = 0.91, p < 10^?5), but the PCR‐vitro predictions (r > 0.63) all tend to underestimate the K_up measures by mean factors (UF, and p value for testing UF = 1) of 10 (EPA, p < 10^?6), 11 (NIOSH, p < 10^?8), and 6.2 (MH, p = 0.018). For all three PCR‐vitro models, log(UF) correlates negatively with molecular weight (r² = 0.31 to 0.84, p = 0.017 to < 10^?6) but not with log(vapor pressure) as an additional predictor (p > 0.05), so vapor pressure appears not to explain the significant in vivo/PCR‐vitro discrepancy. Until this discrepancy is explained, careful in vivo measures of K_up should be obtained for more chemicals, the expanded in vivo database should be compared to in vitro‐based predictions, and in vivo data should be considered in assessing aqueous dermal exposure and its uncertainty.     

Systems Resilience for Multihazard Environments: Definition,Metrics, and Valuation for Decision Making

The United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction reported that the 2011 natural disasters, including the earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan, resulted in $366 billion in direct damages and 29,782 fatalities worldwide. Storms and floods accounted for up to 70% of the 302 natural disasters worldwide in 2011, with earthquakes producing the greatest number of fatalities. Average annual losses in the United States amount to about $55 billion. Enhancing community and system resilience could lead to massive savings through risk reduction and expeditious recovery. The rational management of such reduction and recovery is facilitated by an appropriate definition of resilience and associated metrics. In this article, a resilience definition is provided that meets a set of requirements with clear relationships to the metrics of the relevant abstract notions of reliability and risk. Those metrics also meet logically consistent requirements drawn from measure theory, and provide a sound basis for the development of effective decision‐making tools for multihazard environments. Improving the resiliency of a system to meet target levels requires the examination of system enhancement alternatives in economic terms, within a decision‐making framework. Relevant decision analysis methods would typically require the examination of resilience based on its valuation by society at large. The article provides methods for valuation and benefit‐cost analysis based on concepts from risk analysis and management.     

UNIX系统性能监控简述及shell系统资源统计程序

本文简要阐述了unix系统中(主要以IBM的AIX为例)进行系统性能管理的几种命令行工具,并通过编写shell实例程序,运用其中提到的工具实现系统资源利用率的统计程序,为做好unix系统管理和调优提供参考.