比喻意象的言语策略及认知分析

比喻是意象营构中意象功能最强的言语策略。比喻的意象化是通过强化能指优势的言语策略来实现的。比喻的意象认知功能的前提,就是意象性喻体与本体所具有的同构关系。喻体借助于自身与本体的同构关系反映事物本质或特征,从而能在思维中取得与概念相对等的认知功能。     

认知语境与文化意象的翻译

随着认知语言学的兴起,从认知的的角度来解释语言中的各种现象已经成为语言研究的热点.认知语境是认知语用学中一个重要概念,也是关联理论的重要组成部分.知识草案和心理图式是认知语境的基本操作单位,而语言的文化意象作为一种隐性文化,以其不可译性成为翻译中的难点.翻译作为一种跨文化传播活动,文化意象移植的好坏在很大程度上决定着译作的成败.认知语境中的知识草案和心理图式与文化意象有着密切的关系,译者的认知语境制约着文化意象的传递.     

试析小说《净身星期一》中色彩意象的运用

俄罗斯语言大师伊万·布宁一生漂泊,其作品浓缩了作家对爱情、生死及人生意义等永恒主题的探讨,充满了强烈的悲剧色彩.小说<净身星期一>中,作家主要选取黑、白两种冷色调意象对作品中的人物和景物进行细描重染,在色由神生、神色辉映中烘托出强烈的悲剧气氛,深化了文本旨味,同时也深切地表达了作家对人生变幻无常、爱情短暂易逝、命运无法预测、幸福不能永恒的悲凉感受,寄寓了作家对当时社会现实的忧虑,对民族命运的担忧以及对祖国的思念.     

论《庄子》中动物意象的价值蕴涵

动物意象在人类文明进程中经历了从图腾符号向一般符号的衍变,各种文化形式中,都能觅得动物意象的踪迹。在《庄子》中,动物作为一种特殊的文化意象是当时生态文化、生存文化、文化自身之发展及《庄子》自身文本创作方法共同作用的结果。就其存在的具体价值而言,动物意象在《庄子》中承担了说理的工具、情感的媒介、象征的载体等重要角色。     

概念隐喻与整合理论对比研究——水意象VS人性案例分析

本文旨在通过先秦思想家荀子与告子的一段关于人性本源的对话,利用概念隐喻与概念整合理论分别对其中的"水与人性"的隐喻进行分析,指出概念隐喻强调认知域之间的映射,而概念整合强调心理空间中概念网络模式的建立.同时,虽然这两种方法存在差异性,但是在分析隐喻和隐喻思维时这两种理论是互为补充的.     

Gone with the Wind中介词over的意象图式分析

本文在认知语言学框架下,对Tyler和Evans的语义网络模型及其意象图式分析进行思辨的基础上,以小说Gone with the Wind中的介词over为例,分析建构其语义网络并借助简图模拟解释各义项的意象图式,为后续的以意象图式的跨语言映射为标准的介词over的英汉翻译个案研究奠定了必要的研究基础。     

同类意象的演变和重构——《离骚》到《九章》的发展轨迹之一

同类意象的演变和重构,是从<离骚>到<九章>的重要发展轨迹之一.<离骚>中的香花芳草没有直接作为抒情主人公的化身出现,<九章>则把抒情主人公比做香花芳草.抒情主人公对时间的感受有漫长与短暂的差异,人的生命节拍有急与缓的区别,人的追昔思往意识也或强或弱,未来意识或迷惘或恐惧.反复出现的媒介意象,在<离骚>与<九章>有种类的多寡之别,人与媒介的关系有主动与被动之分.悖反型意象群的取材由单一到多样,篇幅加大,结构形态变得灵活.     

复仇：《水浒》的原始意象

本文认为《水浒》是部充满野性的文学，复仇是《水浒》的原始意象，这种原始意象折射了民族性格和心理     

补天石·镜子·颜色——试论《西游补》与《红楼梦》的象征意象

补天石、镜子、颜色不仅都是《西游补》与《红楼梦》中的重要意象,而且都与小说题旨的阐发有关。补天石意象所揭示的天的倾覆和未遂的补天之恨、镜子意象所揭示的色即是空的佛教哲理、颜色意象中红与绿两种基本色调所代表的红尘和情欲,是这三个意象在两部小说中所共有的象征意义。     

从七夕诗歌考察中日审美意识差异——以《万叶集》中七夕和歌与唐诗中七夕诗歌为例

同处于东亚文化圈的中国和El本自古便有文化上的交流,主要扮演文化思想输出者角色的中国对主要扮演文化思想输入者角色的日本影响之深远不言而喻,但两大民族审美意识传统又都渊源有自,别具自我特质。从意象谱系的简素与繁复、情感表现的纯粹与功利等两大方面解读《万叶集》中七夕和歌与唐诗中七夕诗歌的艺术表现之不同,不仅有助于深化中日审美文化的比较研究．而且对申日审姜意识彤态差异的厘涪也大有裨益．     

A Cognitive Approach to the Treatment of Offenders

Summary This is an initial attempt to apply the principles of cognitivetherapy to the treatment of adult offenders. The paper includesa brief presentation of the basic theory of cognitive therapyand a discussion of its relevance to criminal behaviour. Itthen describes a group of treatment techniques, with examplesof their application. The interventions fall into three generalcategories: cognitive restructing and impulse control, problem-solvingand social-skills training, and cognitive stimulation. Someof the techniques are borrowed, with adaptations. from the literatureof cognitive therapy and some are presented here for the firsttime.     

A Cognitive Approach to Direct Practice with the Aging

The recent prominence of cognitive approaches in psychotherapy and more recently in social casework holds considerable promise for direct practice with olderpersons on both an individual and group basis. Several central concepts in cognitive theory are delineated and found to have particular advantages for the aging. First, they deal with conscious concerns and avoid the dangers of affective or regressive approaches in breaking down defenses. Second, they are heavily concerned with questions of meaning and self-concept, issues that are central to the last stage of life, as delineated by Erikson, and the task of achieving ego integrity over despair. Two case illustrations of the application of a cognitive approach in a group context are given.     

A Joined-up Approach to User Participation in Public Services: Strengthening the "Participation Chain"

Participation has emerged as a key theme for social policy and administration in the UK. Public service providers are often keen to consult users, and users themselves want to make their voices heard. Despite this, however, there is a perennial problem in getting people to participate, and participation is often better supported in principle than in practice. The motivations of key actors are crucial, but are often poorly understood. This article attempts to build a more detailed understanding of the motivations to participate of one key group: service users. Using Mutual Incentives Theory, it shows the extent to which users are motivated by individualistic or collectivistic concerns. These “demand side” factors are then combined with others on the “supply side” in a model we call the “participation chain”. This model provides a systematic framework for understanding what makes public service users participate, and seeks to demonstrate that, while the question of participation requires a combination of answers, it is a combination that can be predicted, planned for and acted upon.     

A Problematic Integration Approach to Capturing the Cognitive, Cultural, and Communicative Experiences of Hurricane Katrina Volunteers

This essay outlines an applied approach for examining message reception and processing among natural disaster volunteers. It is argued that an applied approach provides analysis of volunteers' decision-making processes that extends to cognitive, cultural, and communicative influences on the decision to volunteer. Implications for future research on volunteerism in natural disasters are discussed and policy-making implications are addressed.     

Taking a "Hands On" Approach to Diversity in Higher Education: A Critical-Dialogic Model for Effective Intergroup Interaction

This article reviews divergent empirical evidence on interracial contact. While research on diversity in higher education provides ample evidence for the educational benefits of engaging with diversity in informal interactions or courses, experimental and naturalistic studies in social psychology on interracial interactions reveal a complicated picture, showing what appear to be both positive and negative effects. Rather than addressing the question of whether or not to promote interracial interactions on campus, we present a critical-dialogic model of intergroup dialogue that centers on communication processes as an avenue toward intergroup relationships, understanding, and collaboration. Prior research and preliminary results from a nine-university research collaboration provide strong empirical support for the proposed model. We conclude with program and policy considerations for higher education institutions interested in promoting meaningful intergroup interaction.     

A Process Approach to the Utility for Gambling

This paper argues that any specific utility or disutility for gambling must be excluded from expected utility because such a theory is consequential while a pleasure or displeasure for gambling is a matter of process, not of consequences. A (dis)utility for gambling is modeled as a process utility which monotonically combines with expected utility restricted to consequences. This allows for a process (dis)utility for gambling to be revealed. As an illustration, the model shows how empirical observations in the Allais paradox can reveal a process disutility of gambling. A more general model of rational behavior combining processes and consequences is then proposed and discussed.     

A Choice Experiment Approach to the Valuation of Mortality

This paper presents an integrated framework for evaluating the reduction of several types of mortality risk using a Choice Experiment (CE) approach, a type of stated preference technique. Using this approach, we can distinguish the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for the amount of risk reduction from the MWTP for the opportunity of risk reduction and therefore calculate the “Quantity-based” Value of a Statistical Life. The risks in our survey include mortality risks due to accident, cancer, and heart disease. The Quantity-based VSL is calculated to be 350 million JPY (in 2002 Japanese Yen, about 2.9 million US dollars). Furthermore, we analyzed the influence of subjective risk perception and population characteristics of the respondents on their MWTP. Estimated results suggest that it is unnecessary to adjust the VSL according to the differences in the type of risk if the VSL is calculated using an adequate approach. However, adjustments for the timing of risk reduction and population characteristics are found to be significant for the execution of benefit transfer.JEL Classification: I18, D81, J17