中国传统政治文化现代化的实现路径

中国传统政治文化的现代化,是中国政治现代化的重要组成部分.本文依照中国传统政治文化现代化的目标,指出中国传统政治文化现代化的三大实现路径,印:公民现代政治文化教育--中国传统政治文化现代化的先导;市场经济发展--中国传统政治文化现代化的根本;民主制度建设和村民自治--中国传统政治文化现代化的制度保证和实践尝试.     

从经济学意义上论儒学与现代化的关系

马克斯·韦伯关于儒学无法开出或阻碍开出经济现代化的基本判断是错误的,这是由于他对中国历史的全部经验事实缺乏足够的认识。从孔孟到汉宋儒家的经济思想正是具有现代意义的自由经济思想。在儒家经济思想的导引下,自唐中叶到北宋,商品经济高度发展,特别是北宋经济已具有“近代”特征;就经济和生产力的意义而言,以儒学为命脉的中国文化的发展在与现代西方文化的接触之前已经为现代资本主义造成了“基本条件”,完成了现代化的文化预备。可见,儒学文化具有现代化基因,是中国现代化的主要传统资源。     

中国传统政治文化现代化的目标定位

中国传统政治文化的现代化,是中国政治现代化的重要组成部分.本文依照中国政治现代化目标和中国传统政治文化内在发展逻辑,提出中国传统政治文化现代化的三大目标定位,即:从臣民政治文化走向公民政治文化;从民本的政治文化走向民主的政治文化;从伦理型的主德、人治政治文化走向以法为本、德法兼治的政治文化.     

传承与超越--严复自由观理论意义探微

为应对西方文明的挑战以及中国的日益衰亡,严复以其融贯中西的深厚学养和敏锐的洞察力对中华民族的际遇作出了相当独特的反应和回答,他认为西强中弱的根本原因就在于自由之有无.因此,为救亡图存他在中国大力宣扬西方的自由思想,并肯定其内在价值.但同时他又冷静地提醒国人,自由思想可能带来的流弊,因此,在大力鼓吹自由之时,又着力强调公民的社会责任感和奉献精神,并且进一步指出自由的获得与国民素质的关系,进而,将国家民族的现代化与公民个体的现代化有机结合起来.这种对自由的理解,对当时思想界的除旧布新、文化重建,贡献至巨.因此,充分理解和阐释严复的自由观,就成为我们追溯他所处时代中国文化现代化发展轨迹的重要线索;同时深入分析和探讨严复的自由观,对于理清中国社会现代化的意识起源,也有其不可或缺的意义.     

试论毛泽东的社会现代化思想

毛泽东以马克思主义理论为指导,结合中国实际,对中国社会的现代化进行了认真探讨和思索。在新民主主义革命时期,他代表中国共产党提出了完整具体的中国社会现代化方案;在社会主义革命与建设时期,他对中国社会现代化总体目标和战略步骤进行了设计和探讨。毛泽东的社会现代化思想对中国社会现代化的进程起到了非常重要的指导作用。     

试论毛泽东的中国文化观

试论毛泽东的中国文化观周亚洲毛泽东为建设社会主义新文化而十分重视运用马列主义立场与方法批判和总结中国传统文化，正是通过这一批判与总结，他逐步形成了独特的中国文化观。他的中国文化观，强调马列主义对促进中国传统文化现代化的指导意义，与中国现代思想史上形形...     

当代中国现代行政文化的构建

行政现代化是行政体系整体上的、全面的现代化,是现代化的行政机构、行政体制、行政人员与现代化的行政文化的有机统一。现代行政文化的价值理念与追求有:效率观念;民主取向;服务精神;法治信念。因此也就构成了现代行政文化的四个基本内容:效率型行政文化;民主型行政文化;服务型行政文化;法治型行政文化。本文从理念培养、物质支持、制度构建和系统协调四个方面探讨了当代中国现代行政文化的构建。     

中国文化传统与现代化——兼论中国的专制主义

作者从论述传统文化和文化传统的异同开题 ,指出中国的文化传统即专制主义 ;然后 ,分析了中国专制主义的意识形态功能 ,其沿革、理论和特点 ;最后 ,讨论了文化传统与现代化的问题。     

Philosophical Reflections on the Course of Modernization of Chinese Culture

本文对中国文化现代化的发展历程做了总体回顾与评析。作者认为,对现代性的追求构成了中国文化现代转型的基本思想主题:就发展演进的内在逻辑而言,现代中国文化走过了一个现代化的价值理想从“外在冲击”到“内在转化”的过程;中国文化现代转型的主要成就包括在特殊的历史条件下延续中国文化之民族慧命、在一定程度上使中国文化具备了现代文化的价值取向与思想框架、中国文化的世界化迈出了坚实步伐等三个方面;人类文化发展中后现代转向的出现使中国文化面临新的两难困境;面向21世纪,中国文化必须通过新的综合与新的创造,切实完成既实现价值系统从前现代向现代的转换又超越西方式现代性的双重任务。     

中华优秀传统文化对实现中国式现代化的价值意蕴

中国式现代化深深植根于中华优秀传统文化。中华优秀传统文化中蕴含的“民惟邦本”的民本思想、“治国富民”的社会理想、“义利相兼”的价值理念、“天人合一”的自然哲学和“协和万邦”的世界胸怀是涵养中国式现代化的文化沃土。中华优秀传统文化有助于培育现代化建设的奋斗者,建设牢不可破的中华民族共同体,推进国家治理现代化,是推动实现中国式现代化的重要力量。中华优秀传统文化是中国式现代化的独特精神标识,中华优秀传统文化的现代化是中国式现代化的重要组成部分,中华优秀传统文化本身蕴含的软实力是赋能中国式现代化的重要因素,概言之,中华优秀传统文化是中国式现代化实现程度的重要衡量标准。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Microinsurance: A short history

Twenty years ago, the International Social Security Review published an article that introduced a new term to the vocabulary of development and social protection: Microinsurance. Now, twenty years later, it is suitable to take stock of the contribution of microinsurance towards promoting coverage and social security. The article reviews the main insights gained from 20 years of implementation, including a clear expression of the value proposition of health microinsurance, understanding the demand for microinsurance, the business process for successful implementation, and conditions that must be satisfied for scaling and sustainable operations. It also explains the context that led to a considerable divergence in the microinsurance space. The article offers a discussion of unresolved issues and thoughts about the future of microinsurance. The conclusion of this article is that microinsurance can flourish when the necessary four pillars for its implementation exist, namely mainstreaming through political support, enhanced insurance literacy of the customers, technical assistance to self‐administer the schemes, and availability of seed capital. The sufficient additional condition is that customers perceive microinsurance as offering welfare gains that cannot be obtained by other means.     

Culture,Place of Origin,and Service Delivery for Latino Older Adult Immigrants: The Case of Puerto Rican Older Adults

ABSTRACT

A conceptual model for the design and implementation of effective social services for Latino older adult immigrants in the United States is proposed in this article. Built on the stage-of-migration framework (Drachman, 1992 Drachman, D. 1992. A stage-of-migration framework for service to immigrant populations. Social Work, 37: 68–72. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the model presented shows how the premigration service experience of Latino older adults can be used as a basis for service design and implementation in the country of immigration. The case of Puerto Rican older adult immigrants is used to illustrate how the model can be applied to understand present service utilization and develop future programs that are useful and culturally sensitive for Latino older adult immigrants.     

Identifying Themes Regarding the Benefits and Limitations of Caregiver Support Group Conversations

Support groups continue to be one of the most needed and desired forms of help for family caregivers to persons with dementia. Though the effects of caregiver support group participation have been examined, the benefits and limitations of the dynamics of support group conversations have been neglected. This study focuses on the perceived consequences of group dynamics. Three themes—balance, sameness, and individuality—emerged through analysis of open-ended interviews with support group members following observations of their meetings. The consequences of these themes are illustrated with a case study and the implications of these themes for practitioners are discussed.     

Sonic Armatures

ABSTRACT

This article traces the construction of an acoustic regime in Renaissance Florence that was based on the casting, placement, and ringing of civic bells. In confronting the formidable but mute power of the defensive towers that dominated the city's skyline in the late middle ages, successive republican governments regulated these private towers with legislative restrictions while transforming them into a speaking architecture. The new civic bell towers played a crucial, if hitherto neglected role in the struggle to create the Florentine republic, which was the political ground upon which the cultural phenomenon of the Renaissance was founded. In contrast to the more antagonistic urbanistic policies that Florentine governments used to combat their enemies, however, the ringing of civic bells exploited the unifying power of religious bells—a power embedded in their role in uniting people into spiritual communities—to integrate its ideals, laws, and institutions into the soundscape of the city. As a result, the sonic armature created by these bells can be read as an evolving attempt to bind the social body to its architectural environment and to create a universal civic society that transcended more localized loyalties and whose existence guaranteed the legitimacy of its ruling bodies.     

时间与海德格尔的“时间性”

本文不是试图对海德格尔进行解释 ,而是试图从文本本身的角度质疑《存在与时间》中概念的矛盾性。《存在与时间》建立了一种新的 ,关于时间始源性问题的学说。时间的始源 ,被海德格尔称为“时间性”。时间性在此在分析中有中心地位 ,对时间作出了新的解释。然而时间性本身却是一个矛盾概念。时间性源于死的本真性 ;死所以是最本真的 ,因为死是必须此在自己去承担的存在可能性。如果以是否自己去承担为标准 ,那么此在能承担的存在可能性并不只有死。所以死不可能是最本真的。因而 ,时间性也不可能是始源性的时间学说。文章通过对时间性的分析指出 ,时间性学说是建立在对于时间的一般理解之上的。