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1.
Theorizing indicators 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Ivar Frønes 《Social indicators research》2007,83(1):5-23
Policymakers and social theorists have increasingly come to rely on social indicators to guide their decisions and theories.
Social indicators are also useful in bridging theory and empirical research as well as the traditional gap between policymaking
and social theory. The concept of social indicators covers interpretation of cultural signs, simple statistical measures,
and complex statistical indexes related to sets of domains. The article views the development of child well-being indicators
as central not only in the social welfare field, but as an indicator of future societal conditions, given that children’s
lives are especially sensitive to social change. The paper addresses the development of indicators of children’s well-being,
arguing that the expansion of the field, the complexity of new domains and indicators, and the position of children as “being”
and “becoming”, they are citizens of the present as well as being socialized for the future, illustrates that the next crucial
step for the field is to further elaborate theories and models. 相似文献
2.
There is an ambiguity in Amartya Sen’s capability approach as to what constitutes an individual’s resources, conversion factors
and valuable functionings. What we here call the “circularity problem” points to the fact that all three concepts seem to
be mutually endogenous and interdependent. To econometrically account for this entanglement we suggest a panel vector autoregression
approach. We analyze the intertemporal interplay of the above factors over a time horizon of 15 years using the BHPS data
set for Great Britain, measuring individual well-being in functionings space with a set of basic functionings, comprising
“being happy”, “being healthy”, “being nourished”, “moving about freely”, “being well-sheltered” and “having satisfying social
relations”. We find that there are indeed functionings that are resources for many other functionings (viz. “being happy”)
while other functionings (“being well-sheltered” and “having satisfying social relations”) are by and large independent, thus
shedding light on a facet of the capability approach that has been neglected so far. 相似文献
3.
This paper reviews the medical (salutogenic) effect of interventions that aim to improve quality of life. Review of studies
where the global quality of life in chronically ill patients was improved independently of subjective and objective factors
(like physical and mental health, yearly income, education, social network, self-esteem, sexual ability and problems or work).
The methods used were subtypes of integrative medicine (non-drug CAM) like mind body medicine, body psychotherapy, clinical
holistic medicine, consciousness-based medicine and sexology. In about 20 papers on QOL as medicine, in cancer, coronary heart
disease, chronic pain, mental illness, sexual dysfunction, low self-esteem, low working ability and poor QOL, the most successful
intervention strategy seems to be to create a maternal, infantile bonding induced by a combination of conversation therapy
and bodywork. The papers examined the treatments of over 2,000 chronically ill or dysfunctional patients and more than 20
different types of health problems. Global QOL measured by SEQOL, QOL5, QOL1, self-rated physical health, self-rated mental health, self-rated sexual functioning,
anorgasmia, genital pain, self-rated working ability, self-rated relation to self, well-being, life-satisfaction, happiness,
fulfillment of needs, experience of temporal and spatial domains, expression of life’s potentials, and objective functioning.
We found “QOL as medicine” able in the treatment of physical disorders and illnesses including chronic pain (Number Needed
to Treat (NNT) = 1–3, Number Needed to Harm (NNH) > 500), in mental illness (NNT = 1–3, NNH > 500), in sexual dysfunctions
(NNT = 1–2, NNH > 1,000), self-rated low working ability (NNT = 2, NNH > 500), and self-rated low QOL (NNT = 2, NNH > 2,000).
We found that QOL improving interventions helped or cured 30–90% of the patients, typically within one year, independent of
the type of health problem. “QOL as medicine” seems to be able in improving chronic mental, somatic and sexual health issues
without side effects. 相似文献
4.
Participation in volunteer service is an indicator of quality of life. This study attempts to validate the Beliefs Against
Volunteering Scale (BAV), an assessment of the negative beliefs about volunteerism among Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.
The BAV was administered to 5,946 Chinese adolescents. The BAV and its subscales were found to be internally consistent. Confirmatory
factor analysis revealed two factors (i.e., “conceptual bias” and “instrumental bias”) against volunteering. This supports
the factorial validity of the test. The BAV scores showed a differentiation of volunteers versus non-volunteers, thus supporting
the criterion-related validity of the test. The negative correlations between BAV and (1) measures of positive beliefs about
volunteering; and (2) purpose in life demonstrated the construct validity of BAV. The findings suggest that BAV is a reliable
and valid instrument in assessing underlying negative beliefs about volunteerism among Chinese adolescents. 相似文献
5.
In recent years, the interest grew in research on measuring the “quality of life” (QOL) in cities. This interest comes from
the success QOL measurement achieved in understanding communities’ needs, tracking changes in different aspects of life and
assessing the most desired types of future development among citizens. This research highlights the importance of measuring
QOL in Jordan. It examines the opportunity and applicability of carrying out QOL measurement studies in Amman, the capital
city. It outlines different scopes, visions and approaches that can be used to study and measure QOL and the most suitable
mechanism that can work firmly. A professional top–bottom approach was used for that. Thirty-three experts with different
backgrounds were interviewed in order to determine the appropriate scopes and visions for studying QOL, define the most significant
aspects affecting QOL in Amman, and define the appropriate domains to be studied. Results were analyzed, limitations were
defined and the final set of representative domains was stated. Domains were ranked according to their relevance and the important
-underneath- aspects were defined in the form of models, each representing a certain domain. The paper attempts by the end
to set the stage for setting up criteria for measuring QOL in Amman and to open the way for future QOL research to take place
in Jordan. 相似文献
6.
Abbott L. Ferriss 《Social indicators research》2006,78(3):453-472
Child poverty, as a critical indicator of the QOL, is intricately related to the social structure of the community. This hypothesis
is explored for the 159 counties of Georgia for the year 2000. The influence of demographic, economic, family and health factors
upon child poverty are explored through models of total, black and white child poverty. Factor analyses of factors uncovered
by the models identify the social-structural features of counties in relation to child poverty. Counties considered “Deprived/rural”
harbor child poverty, while counties described as “Business/money” and “Progressive/urban” bear a negative relationship to
child poverty. Positively associated with child poverty are residential stability, unemployment, low educational achievement,
youth and age dependency, single-parent female household heads with children, grandparent child care, and health disability
of child, elders and of working-age persons. Structural factors militating against child poverty are persons with greater
education, higher population density, out migration, larger married population, higher retail sales, larger middle class families,
higher weekly wages, and other structural features of the county. 相似文献
7.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |
8.
Yoshitaka Iwasaki 《Social indicators research》2007,82(2):233-264
This paper aims at advancing the conceptualization of leisure as a contributor to quality of life (QOL) in an international
and multicultural context, based on an extensive and critical review of literature on leisure and QOL from a global, international
perspective. Given the central role of culture in conceptualizing this notion, this paper gives attention to various cultural
contexts world-wide. To illustrate the diversity of our societies, examples are introduced specifically from three culturally
unique contexts in this paper – i.e., Asian, Middle-East, and Indigenous contexts. Also, some examples are drawn from other
cultural groups in global and international contexts, particularly, in non-western contexts. Then, the final section of this
paper aims at integrating and synthesizing the knowledge gained from this review to develop a tentative/working proposition
about how leisure can contribute to QOL from international and cross-cultural perspectives. Specifically, based on such integration,
this paper identifies and describes major pathways linking leisure to QOL. Overall, an overarching theme common to almost
all cultural contexts examined appears to be the role of leisure-like activities as a context or space for creating meanings
which then help to promote the quality of people’s lives. Major pathways or mechanisms that can facilitate meaning-making
and life-quality-enhancement highlighted in this review include: (a) positive emotions and well-being experienced from leisure,
(b) positive identities and self-esteem gained from leisure, (c) social and cultural connections and a harmony developed through
leisure, and (d) leisure’s contribution to learning and human development across the life-span. Also, emphasized in this paper
is the role of leisure as a context for realizing and utilizing human strengths and resilience. It is important, however,
to stress that in people’s quest for a meaningful life, the benefits of meaning-making through leisure involve both “remedying
the bad” and “enhancing the good,” as shown throughout this paper. Despite these benefits, we should not ignore that leisure
experiences are socially and culturally constructed and shaped by the inequalities of society. Thus, the reality of power
imbalance and inequalities should be acknowledged and appropriately addressed socially, culturally, and politically. Particularly,
providing culturally relevant and meaningful leisure opportunities for less privileged population groups world-wide is clearly
a top priority. 相似文献
9.
Dr. J. Mayone Stycos 《Population and environment》1995,16(3):205-219
Population projections depend on censuses, vital statistics and sample surveys, all of which have deficiencies that are most
marked in the less developed countries (LDCs). Long-range projections by international agencies have recently undergone major
revisions, while forecasts of the U.S. population have changed drastically over the past four years. The United Nations typically
prepares “high,” “medium” and “low” projections. Even the high projection contains optimistic assumptions about fertility
decline, while assumptions of constant or increasing fertility receive no serious attention. The paper suggests that high
and constant fertility projections should receive more attention from policy makers, with medium estimates treated more as
targets achievable only through considerable programmatic effort. At the same time, economic and social plans should be laid
for dealing with the population sizes implied by the “high” variants. 相似文献
10.
Back in 1975, the European Union (EU) Council of Ministers defined the poor as “individuals or families whose resources are
so small as to exclude them from the minimum acceptable way of life of the Member State in which they live”. This widely quoted
definition leaves room for discussion about what can be considered a “minimum acceptable way of life” in different countries
and thus also whether national perceptions of minimum standards vary from one country to the next. The paper explores this
latter issue by exploiting the first EU dataset allowing a comparative analysis of the items which citizens in the different
Member States consider to be necessary for people to have an “acceptable” standard of living in the country where they live.
It assesses the (in)variance of the structure of the perception of social needs between countries on the basis of an extension
of the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method, and shows a high level of congruence between the 27 national patterns. An important
consequence of this result is that it supports the approach which consists of measuring deprivation on the basis of a same
set of (validated) items across all the Member States. 相似文献
11.
Child poverty has been widely discussed in Germany since the publication of the third official Poverty and Wealth Report of
the German government in 2008 which—inter alia—focused on the situation of children and families. However, child poverty is
not only caused by low household incomes and impacts of child poverty are not only restricted to financial consequences. The
capability approach takes into account this multidimensionality of well-being and poverty of children. It conceptualizes human
well-being as not only depending on financial means but also gives the same importance to the personal and social conversion
factors which determine how far financial means can be converted into personal well-being. Before 2008 the capability approach
had only been applied to the well-being of adults in Germany, but not specifically to the well-being of children. However,
there are several reasons why a capability analysis for children will differ from a capability analysis for adults. Adults’
capability sets comprise dimensions that are less relevant for small children while other valuable capabilities have to be
added. Furthermore the capability set depends to a large extent on the age of the child. The paper focuses on a multidimensional
poverty analysis in the capability perspective of 5–6 years old children. In the domains of “Education/Leisure”, “Health”,
“Social Participation” and “Income” child poverty is measured by predefined indicators. The relationship to the social and
personal conversion factors of the caretakers is then evaluated. Additionally, a multidimensional poverty measure is analyzed. 相似文献
12.
Laura E. Gómez Miguel Ángel Verdugo Benito Arias Víctor Arias 《Social indicators research》2011,101(1):109-126
There is considerable debate in the area of individual quality of life research regarding the factor structure of the QOL
construct that is focused on the number and composition of QOL factors and domains, and its hierarchical nature. The main
goal of this study involve testing by means of confirmatory factor analyses five models that have been pointed out by recent
scientific literature: firstly, an unidimensional model; secondly, a QOL model that consisted of eight inter-correlated domains
proposed by Schalock and Verdugo (2002); thirdly, a model composed of these eight 1st-order factors and one 2nd- order factor; the forth and five are model with
the eight 1st-order factors and three 2nd-order factor that has been denominated in other studies ‘Salamanca model’ and ‘Schalock
model’. Data were collected from 3.029 social service recipients from Catalonia (Spain) who completed the GENCAT Scale, an
objective QOL questionnaire. The best fit of the eight inter-correlated and 1st order domains was empirically demonstrated.
Implications for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
13.
Hui-Chuan Hsu 《Social indicators research》2010,99(3):455-468
The aim of the study was to explore the relationship between subjective economic status and indicators of successful aging
to life satisfaction trajectories among the elderly in Taiwan. Data were from the four waves of “Survey of Health and Living
Status of the Elderly in Taiwan”. Hierarchical linear modeling was conducted. Subjective economic status was measured by childhood
economic status and time-varying economic satisfaction. Time-varying physical, mental, and social successful aging variables
and demographics were also used to describe the trajectory of life satisfaction. Life satisfaction showed a slightly decreasing
but generally stationary trend across time. The concurrent economic satisfaction was associated with life satisfaction trajectory,
but childhood economic status was not significant. The time-varying depressive symptoms, cognitive function and social support
were related to the life satisfaction trajectory. Policy on the elderly should take particular account of the economic security,
mental health, and social support of the elderly. 相似文献
14.
Te-Hsin Liang 《Social indicators research》2011,102(1):99-110
The “e-Taiwan Program” implemented by Taiwan government is aimed at showing the e-advantage in people’s life and bring about
essential benefits. This research follows the e-Life indicators of the Quality of Life measurement system developed by “e-Taiwan
Program”, which including four major dimensions of e-Daily Life, e-Business, e-Government, Broadband to home. By using telephone
interview, 3,024 respondents aged 15 and above were validly interviewed. In Taiwan, the cognition of e-Life service is high,
and 71.4% of e-Life services have been well heard of by residents. Although the penetration of e-Life services is not as high
as the degree of cognition; there are 31.3% of the e-Life services promoted by “e-Taiwan Program” has been used. The average
score of overall quality of life promotion of e-Life is 63.9. It represents that, in general, people think their life has
been slightly improved by e-Life services. Through stepwise regression analysis models, we found that most of Internet services
usages will bring highly positive influence on the quality of life promotion, but the cognition and usage in e-Government
usually bring negative influence on the quality of promotion. 相似文献
15.
How Social Relations and Structures can Produce Happiness and Unhappiness: An International Comparative Analysis 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
In this paper, subjective well being, as measured by survey questions on happiness and life satisfaction, is investigated
from a sociological-comparative point of view. The central thesis is that happiness and satisfaction must be understood as
the outcome of an interaction process between individual characteristics and aspirations on the one side, and social relations
and macrosocial structures on the other side. A distinction is made between life satisfaction and happiness; the former is
more seen as the outcome of an evaluation process including material and social aspirations and achievements, the latter as
an outcome of positive experiences, particularly close personal relationships. The focus of this paper is on micro- and macrosocial
conditions favouring or inhibiting the emergence of happiness and satisfaction. It is hypothesized that dense and good basic
social relations, occupational involvement and success, sociocultural (religious and altruistic) orientations and participation
are conducive to happiness and life satisfaction; the same should be true at the macrolevel for economic prosperity, relatively
equal social structures, a well-established welfare state and political democracy. The latter conditions, however, should
be more important for life satisfaction than for happiness. A comparative, multilevel regression analysis of happiness in
41 nations around the world is carried out (using the World Value Survey 1995–1997). Both our general assumption and most of the specific hypotheses could be confirmed. It turned very clearly that
“happiness” and “life satisfaction” are two different concepts. It could be shown that microsocial embedding and sociocultural
integration of a person are highly relevant for happiness. However, contrary to earlier studies, we find that macrosocial
factors like the economic wealth of nation, the distribution of income, the extent of the welfare state and political freedom
are also relevant, particularly for satisfaction. What counts most is the ability to cope with life, including subjective
health and financial satisfaction, close social relations, and the economic perspectives for improvement in the future, both
at the level of the individual and at that of the society. These abilities are certainly improved by favourable macrosocial
conditions and institutions, such as a more equal income distribution, political democracy and a welfare state. 相似文献
16.
17.
Application of the Rural Development Index to Analysis of Rural Regions in Poland and Slovakia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The main purpose of this research was to construct a multi-dimensional (composite) index measuring the overall level of rural
development and quality of life in individual rural regions of a given EU country. In the Rural Development Index (RDI) the
rural development domains are represented by hundreds of partial socio-economic, environmental, infrastructural and administrative
indicators/variables at NUTS-4 level (e.g. 991 variables/indicators describing various aspects of rural development in Poland;
340 variables/indicators in Slovakia). The weights of economic, social and environmental domains entering the RDI index are
derived empirically from the econometrically estimated intra- and inter-regional migration function after selecting the “best”
model from various alternative model specifications (e.g. panel estimate logistic regression nested error structure model,
spatial effect models, etc.). The RDI is empirically applied to analysis of the main determinants of rural/regional development
in individual rural areas in years 2002–2005 in Poland and Slovakia at NUTS-4 level. Due to its comprehensiveness the RDI
Index is suitable both to analysis of the overall level of development of rural areas and to an evaluation of the impacts
(impact indicator) of RD and structural programmes at regional levels (NUTS 2–5). 相似文献
18.
Despina Moraitou Chrysa Kolovou Chrysa Papasozomenou Catherine Paschoula 《Social indicators research》2006,76(1):71-93
This study examined the relationship between hope as disposition, adaptation to old age, and individual-demographic factors.
One hundred and fifty older adults, aged 60–93 years old, completed the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale developed by Snyder
et al. [1991, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60, pp. 570–585], and the Adaptation to Old Age Questionnaire
developed by Efklides et al. [2003, European Psychologist, 8, pp. 178–191]. Factor analyses revealed 2 factors for hope, “Pathways
Thought” and “Agency Thinking”, and 4 factors for adaptation to old age, “Health Comparison”, “General Adaptation/Self-Efficacy”,
“Self-Control”, and “Generativity”. Regression analyses showed that hope as pathways thought predicted all factors of adaptation,
whereas hope as agency thinking predicted only “General Adaptation/Self-Efficacy” and “Self-Control”. There were also some
effects of gender, education, marital status, place of residence, and health status on specific aspects of adaptation to old
age. 相似文献
19.
Dr. Peggy Teo 《Population and environment》1995,16(3):237-251
Population planning in Singapore has always been linked to economic planning. Lacking natural resources on an island 536 sq.
kms. in size, the physical carrying capacity was not large so that the government had to resort to careful economic planning
to overcome this constraint. The “stop at 2” population policy of 1965–87 was designed to support the economic plans to improve
the quality of life of the people. Restraint of population growth was promoted as a necessary move serving the common good
of Singaporeans as the country struggled in her early years of independence to build a nation. By 1983, however, Singapore
switched from being antinatal to being pronatal. The environmental determinism school that influenced population planning
gave way to environmental possibilism in which man is the main agent determining his own actions in the population-environment
relationship. Technology has allowed the leadership of Singapore to make use of the global economy as its hinterland. By concentrating
on the high-end service sector, such as mercantile banking or currency markets, Singapore has used the new information age
of computers to take advantage of the changing world market. The “quality” population required to do this job is missing,
thus the “have 3 or more if you can afford it” policy. 相似文献
20.
Richard J. Estes 《Social indicators research》2010,98(3):363-402
World social development has arrived at a critical turning point. Economically advanced nations have made significant progress
toward meeting the basic needs of their populations; however, the majority of developing countries have not. Problems of rapid
population growth, failing economies, famine, environmental devastation, majority-minority group conflicts, increasing militarization,
among others, are pushing many developing nations toward the brink of social chaos. This paper focuses on worldwide development
trends for the 40-year period 1970–2009. Particular attention is given to the disparities in development that exist between
the world’s “rich” and “poor” countries as well as the global forces that sustain these disparities. The paper also discusses
more recent positive trends occurring within the world’s “socially least developed countries” (SLDCs), especially those located
in Africa and Asia, in reducing poverty and in promoting improved quality of life for increasing numbers of their populations. 相似文献