论政府职能模式

近代以来,随着经济与社会的发展,大致产生了三种政府职能模式。在近代早期,与自由主义的有限政府相伴随的是保护型政府职能模式;到了20世纪30年代,干预型政府职能模式开始建立起来;引导型政府职能模式是亚洲新兴工业化国家和地区的积极创造。但是,由于这些国家和地区没有走出西方资产阶级话语霸权的阴影,实现经济腾飞之后,纷纷放弃了这一政府职能模式。我国在改革开放的实践中根据经济社会发展的实际要求也选择了引导型政府职能模式,并取得了引导中国经济、社会发展的巨大成就。需要强调的是,中国坚持引导型政府职能模式只是一项实践成就。需要自觉的理论探讨来为其提供支持。     

关于中国创新开放经济模式的思考

我国现阶段开放模式尚处在基于比较优势,片面追求外资数量和规模的粗放型发展阶段,主要以增加GDP和出口创汇为导向,造成我国对外资引进过度、对外源依赖性过强、对外技术依赖过高、外汇储备规模过量、经济波动风险过大等问题,不利于经济持续健康发展和维护国家经济安全。需要实行更加积极主动的开放战略,创新开放模式,全面提升开放型经济水平。由以往"引进外资—扩大出口—拉动发展"的外源拉动开放模式发展为"内需开发—吸引外资—拉动发展"内源驱动的新模式。     

对独立学院应用型人才培养模式的思考

随着我国社会经济快速发展,对劳动力整体的技术与职业素质要求越来越高,促进了应用型本科高等教育的发展。独立学院怎样紧密结合地方经济建设和社会发展的实际需要,充分利用自身体制优势,以就业为导向,致力于应用型人才培养模式的探索,逐步形成自己的特色,显得尤为重要。     

武汉跨境电商发展现状与对策研究

跨境电商是一种具有前瞻性的新型跨境贸易模式,在我国尚处于发展初期。本文剖析了武汉发展跨境电商的重要意义,探究存在问题与难点,提出加快发展的政策建议,既需要国家层面的政策支持,也需要地方政府加大产业引导,开放口岸建设,进一步大胆先试先行,建立更高层次的开放型经济。     

区域经济发展的历史地理考察——《清代陕西农业地理研究》评介

当今世界经济与文化的发展呈现出了两大趋势：一是世界经济的一体化与文化的相互影响与趋同；与此同时，世界范围内经济与文化的发展又表现出区域性与多元性，形成了富有特色的区域发展模式。为了探求当今区域经济发展与管理的模式，需要对区域经济的历史发展进行反思，从...     

以企业为主体、以职业院校为主阵地的人才培养探索

我国正处在经济转型期,产业结构不断升级,企业需要掌握核心技术的高素质人才来应对当前的市场竞争。但是,由于我国职业院校的产教融合处于起步阶段,培养的人才质量与企业需求仍存在较大差距,需要进一步探索人才培养模式。因此,该文结合沧州职业技术学院校企合作共同培育高素质技术技能人才的现状,提出了以企业为主体、以职业院校为主阵地、校企共同培育人才的策略和建议,为实现职业教育的高质量发展提供参考。     

混合所有制经济的理论探析、演化机理与模式创新

顶层设计对混合所有制经济的发展具有推动作用,而企业层面的具体模式选择才是解决问题的关键。通过对理论与概念的重新梳理,运用主观博弈模型解释制度内生与博弈互动时混合所有制的生成与演化机制,得出混合所有制的演化由国有企业与民营企业各自的可选策略集合、需要面对的制度性保障和法制性约束、两者在某种策略下的预期而决定,并结合对我国现有混合所有制模式的全面解析,给出建议与尝试性创新,以期为混合所有制提供科学的、具有针对性的模式设计。     

新时期我国政府社会管理若干问题理论思考

改革开放以来我国政府实现从经济建设型政府向公共服务型政府的转型,发展市场经济、构建和谐社会,突出政府的社会管理与公共服务职能,政府社会管理体制改革总体目标是建设公共服务型政府。这就要求我国政府的社会管理体制改革从国家主导包办向社会、企业、个人多元参与转变;由管办不分、政事不分向管办分离、政事分开转变。为此,政府需要实现从经济目标优先向社会目标优先的转变,建设型财政体制需要向公共服务型财政体制转变,实现依法行政,充分发挥社会中介组织的作用,建构适合国情的公共服务体系与多样化的公共服务模式。     

政府主导型市场经济发展模式的价值分析

我国已是一个基本市场化的市场经济国家。我国的经济改革也付出了一定的成本:经济改革以后,我国的失业率不断上升,贫富分化日益严重,生态环境不断恶化。从总体上看,我国政府主导型市场经济改革是一场收益大且成本低的改革。由于体制转轨和经济发展的客观需要,在今后一个相当长时期里,政府主导型市场经济发展模式仍是我国赶超发达国家、走向现代化的有效途径。     

基于地域特色的资源循环科学与工程应用型研究生培养模式思考

基于国家战略发展需求和福建省的地域特色,迫切需要培养应用型、复合型的资源循环科学与工程专业高级人才。然而目前该专业研究生培养存在诸多问题,难以满足产业发展需要。该文从完善培养方案、优化课程体系与创新联合培养模式三个方面出发,探索资源循环科学与工程研究生培养路径,不仅能为福建省生态文明绿色发展提供高素质人才,并且对我国经济的绿色低碳循环发展也有着深刻的现实意义。     

Considering Improvisation: Play,Transitional Space,and Discovery

This article explores the concept of improvisation in the therapeutic setting as a complex construction when elaborated in the idiom of jazz music. A composite clinical case is offered that illustrates an impasse and how improvisational thinking offers a way forward. Improvisation has recently been conceptualized through the metaphor of theater improvisation, dance, and rhythm. The therapeutic hour is considered an improvisational dialogue with the main theme (melody) and counter melodies, and harmonic possibilities that underlie the rhythmic pulse of the hour. Improvisation requires a reflective/interpretive process that draws on patterns, structures, and experiences reformulated in the relational field of the participants. The client initiates the call and response pattern, from which improvisation emerges as a mutual process of discovery. A more relaxed, receptive, and reflective posture extends Winnicott’s 1971 notion of play to integrate classic understanding and relational interaction.     

Abstracts of theses: Smith College School for Social Work,July 1954

Abstract

Many clients relate in ways that elicit emotional responses in practitioners and may also feel pressure to intervene when appropriate action is not yet clear. Practitioners must develop sufficient self-awareness so their own reactions do not interfere with the work they do with clients. Educators exhort their students to be self-aware, but locating methods that foster the capacity can be difficult. Infant observation is an elegant training model that helps to develop self-awareness. The method described here makes use of regular observation, supportive small groups, and repeated detailed examination of what is seen in training both generalist and specialized practitioners. It has become a prototype for the observational study of several kinds of specific populations. Because it attends to people in their own environments and demonstrates a flexible, reflective, multi-modal manner of information-gathering, infant observation is particularly useful in the education of social work practitioners.     

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Act: Assessing the quality of access and adequacy of benefits in MGNREGS public works

The extension of social protection to all has become a central policy objective, both nationally and internationally. A considerable number of middle‐ and low‐income countries have undertaken substantial efforts to extend social protection, while the international community reaffirmed its commitment to the extension of social protection through the adoption of the ILO Recommendation concerning National Floors of Social Protection, No. 202 (2012). This article reviews the legal provisions and the implementation of the Indian Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), legislated in 2005, and does so in the light of the more recent provisions of ILO Recommendation No. 202. Since its introduction ten years ago, MGNREGA has provided a source of income to rural workers, increased wage rates, achieved high female participation rates and created durable assets. India's local governance bodies, Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI), have been empowered and involved in the processes of planning and monitoring. However, despite successes, there have been considerable shortcomings in implementation. This article highlights two central themes: first, the innovative policy framework of the Act, which brings together rights‐based entitlements, demand‐driven employment, and citizen‐centred monitoring. Second, it assesses the accessibility and adequacy of benefits in the implementation of MGNREGA. We conclude that MGNREGA offers potential for South‐South learning, both in terms of policy‐design and implementation.     

From “Either‐Or” to “When and How”: A Context‐Dependent Model of Culture in Action

In this article, I outline a framework for the sociological study of culture that connects three intertwined elements of human culture (cultural motivations, resources, and meanings) and demonstrates the concrete contexts under which each most critically influences actions and their subsequent outcomes. In contrast to models that cast motivations, resources, and meanings as competing explanations of how culture affects action, I argue that these are fundamental constituent elements of culture that are inseparable, interdependent, and simultaneously operative. Which element provides the strongest link to action, and how this link operates, must be understood as a function of the actor's position within wider social contexts. I argue that on average motivations have the most discernable link to action within a social strata, cultural resources provide the strongest link across strata, and meanings have the greatest direct influence when codified and sanctioned. I then offer a reframing and synthesis that reintegrates previously “competing” theories of culture into a more holistic context‐dependent model of culture in action. Finally, I use evidence from prior empirical research, as well as new data from an ongoing ethnographic study of health behaviors among the aged, to show how various elements of culture are concretely linked to action in eight different social contexts. In doing so, I provide a roadmap for the transition out of the “either‐or” logic underlying much of cultural theory and reemphasize the importance of the classical sociological concern for “when” and “how” various aspects of culture influence action and outcomes in concrete social contexts.     

Microinsurance: A short history

Twenty years ago, the International Social Security Review published an article that introduced a new term to the vocabulary of development and social protection: Microinsurance. Now, twenty years later, it is suitable to take stock of the contribution of microinsurance towards promoting coverage and social security. The article reviews the main insights gained from 20 years of implementation, including a clear expression of the value proposition of health microinsurance, understanding the demand for microinsurance, the business process for successful implementation, and conditions that must be satisfied for scaling and sustainable operations. It also explains the context that led to a considerable divergence in the microinsurance space. The article offers a discussion of unresolved issues and thoughts about the future of microinsurance. The conclusion of this article is that microinsurance can flourish when the necessary four pillars for its implementation exist, namely mainstreaming through political support, enhanced insurance literacy of the customers, technical assistance to self‐administer the schemes, and availability of seed capital. The sufficient additional condition is that customers perceive microinsurance as offering welfare gains that cannot be obtained by other means.     

Culture,Place of Origin,and Service Delivery for Latino Older Adult Immigrants: The Case of Puerto Rican Older Adults

ABSTRACT

A conceptual model for the design and implementation of effective social services for Latino older adult immigrants in the United States is proposed in this article. Built on the stage-of-migration framework (Drachman, 1992 Drachman, D. 1992. A stage-of-migration framework for service to immigrant populations. Social Work, 37: 68–72. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), the model presented shows how the premigration service experience of Latino older adults can be used as a basis for service design and implementation in the country of immigration. The case of Puerto Rican older adult immigrants is used to illustrate how the model can be applied to understand present service utilization and develop future programs that are useful and culturally sensitive for Latino older adult immigrants.     

Identifying Themes Regarding the Benefits and Limitations of Caregiver Support Group Conversations

Support groups continue to be one of the most needed and desired forms of help for family caregivers to persons with dementia. Though the effects of caregiver support group participation have been examined, the benefits and limitations of the dynamics of support group conversations have been neglected. This study focuses on the perceived consequences of group dynamics. Three themes—balance, sameness, and individuality—emerged through analysis of open-ended interviews with support group members following observations of their meetings. The consequences of these themes are illustrated with a case study and the implications of these themes for practitioners are discussed.     

Sonic Armatures

ABSTRACT

This article traces the construction of an acoustic regime in Renaissance Florence that was based on the casting, placement, and ringing of civic bells. In confronting the formidable but mute power of the defensive towers that dominated the city's skyline in the late middle ages, successive republican governments regulated these private towers with legislative restrictions while transforming them into a speaking architecture. The new civic bell towers played a crucial, if hitherto neglected role in the struggle to create the Florentine republic, which was the political ground upon which the cultural phenomenon of the Renaissance was founded. In contrast to the more antagonistic urbanistic policies that Florentine governments used to combat their enemies, however, the ringing of civic bells exploited the unifying power of religious bells—a power embedded in their role in uniting people into spiritual communities—to integrate its ideals, laws, and institutions into the soundscape of the city. As a result, the sonic armature created by these bells can be read as an evolving attempt to bind the social body to its architectural environment and to create a universal civic society that transcended more localized loyalties and whose existence guaranteed the legitimacy of its ruling bodies.     

时间与海德格尔的“时间性”

本文不是试图对海德格尔进行解释 ,而是试图从文本本身的角度质疑《存在与时间》中概念的矛盾性。《存在与时间》建立了一种新的 ,关于时间始源性问题的学说。时间的始源 ,被海德格尔称为“时间性”。时间性在此在分析中有中心地位 ,对时间作出了新的解释。然而时间性本身却是一个矛盾概念。时间性源于死的本真性 ;死所以是最本真的 ,因为死是必须此在自己去承担的存在可能性。如果以是否自己去承担为标准 ,那么此在能承担的存在可能性并不只有死。所以死不可能是最本真的。因而 ,时间性也不可能是始源性的时间学说。文章通过对时间性的分析指出 ,时间性学说是建立在对于时间的一般理解之上的。