南宁政府购买“服务”解青少年教育难题

近年来，南宁市以兴宁区、江南区、青秀区等为试点，通过政府购买社会工作服务的形式组建职业化的工作队伍，协助政府管理青少年事务。同时，发动和组织大学生志愿者和社会公益组织参与到青少年事务社会工作服务中，形成“1＋1”模式，即一个青少年事务社工加一个志愿者团队的模式，使得社会参与的范围与层次不断延伸和扩展，有效解决了青少年教育问题。     

大学生持续性志愿服务行为影响因素

大学生志愿者的志愿服务行动已经成为服务社会主义精神文明建设、助力青年成长成才、完善社会动员机制和推动事业发展的重要创举。对沪上18所高校665名大学生的问卷调查显示,大学生志愿服务的参与度较高,但每学期平均参与时长较低、持续性参与不够或中途流失的问题普遍存在。研究发现,认知程度、参与动机等内在因素对广泛参与度影响显著,而高校和政府支持、组织管理满意度、岗位分配满意度等外在因素对深入参与度影响显著。内在因素是影响大学生是否会成为志愿者的主要因素,外在因素是影响大学生持续参加志愿服务的主要因素,推动大学生持续性志愿服务行为要依靠完善外在管理和保障,从而有效防止志愿者中途大量流失,构建志愿服务长效机制。     

张家口学院图书馆对学生志愿服务情况的调查

高校图书馆担负着为学校教学和科研服务的重任,学生志愿者工作的开展,不仅实现了高校图书馆人力资源的合理配置,大学生还可以参与社会实践,获得课本与课堂之外的社会实践经验。张家口学院图书馆对学生志愿服务情况进行了调查,并统计、分析了调查数据,总结了学生志愿者服务过程和管理中存在的问题,从而形成有利于其发展的管理机制。     

大学生参与社区居家养老志愿服务的问题及其对策研究——以长春市某高校为例

随着人口老龄化问题的逐渐加剧,引入社区居家养老服务多元供给主体和完善养老服务体系建设,以期解决当前的养老难题。当前,面对养老服务人才短缺的困境,引导培育大学生参与社区居家养老志愿服务具有重要意义。基于对长春市某高校大学生社区居家养老志愿服务参与现状的分析,提出旨在加强大学生志愿服务宣传力度、创新大学生志愿服务项目建设、完善大学生志愿者培训制度、健全奖惩激励机制和社会保障机制的对策。     

在动迁社区开展社会工作的实践（上）

近些年来，国内工业化和城镇化的加快推动了失地农民人口迅猛增长，失地农民家庭大多被政府安置在新建的城市动迁社区。在诸多社区社会工作面临的新课题中，动迁家庭的青少年由于环境变化所表现出的困惑及其所处的弱势地位，成为了政府及社区工作者关注的焦点。上海杉达大学借鉴4－H青少年素质教育模式和其成功经验，在上海市浦东新区高行镇紫翠苑动迁小区开展了针对贫困动迁家庭青少年的扶贫助学志愿者活动。志愿者服务活动开展近一年来，取得了较好的社会效应和反响，为促进城市社区的和谐社会建设提供了创新性的思路。     

来沪人员聚集区青少年服务机制探讨

第六次人口普查显示,上海市外来常住青少年占上海市青少年总数的半数以上,形成了青少年人群中户籍人口与非户籍人口的"倒挂"现象。来沪青少年作为上海建设大型现代化城市进程中的特殊群体,普遍渴望融入上海并与这座城市同步发展,而上海的发展也一直需要并将继续依赖于他们的参与。因此,需要从制度完善到措施落实全程提升来沪青少年的服务机制。     

黄石建立助老服务志愿者爱心储蓄工作站

近一年时间里，铁山区登记注册志愿者612名．累计储蓄时间18万多小时．267名老年人获得服务 助老服务志愿者爱心储蓄工作全面实施。2011年8月，湖北省黄石市在人口最少的铁山区启动“助老服务志愿者爱心储蓄”工作试点。灵活、自愿、规范、专业、公益等特点，吸引了居民对“助老服务志愿者爱心储蓄”的广泛关注和热情参与。近一年时间里，全区登记注册志愿者612名，累计储蓄时间1．8万多小时，267名老年人获得服务。今年全市将完成165个社区、28个乡镇助老服务志愿者爱心储蓄工作站建站工作。     

“星火行动”:社区党建与社区建设双赢共建探路

项目背景 康乐社区"星火行动"——社区党建与社区建设双赢共建项目,是基于社工在该社区开展社会工作专业服务所遇到的难题而提出的. 厦门大学社会学与社会工作系和福建省厦门市湖里区的康乐社区已合作开展社会工作近十年,在推进社工专业服务过程中,遇到了社区志愿者参与人数和动力不足的困难,使得社区建设很难在专业性和质量上有根本性提高.因此,社工将目光投向拥有较完善组织架构及党员资源的社区党组织,然而在探索中发现,当前社区党组织存在组织生活与居民日常生活脱节、组织生活僵化的困境.     

天津社区工作者向专业化社工转变

日前，天津市委办公厅下发《关于加强和创新社区居民委员会工作的意见》（下称《意见》），对社区工作者逐步向职业化、专业化社工转变提出了明确要求。《意见》指出，在公开招聘社区专职工作人员时，优先录用具有社会工作专业资格的人员；新入职的社区工作者，要在两年内取得社会工作员以上资格；现有45周岁以下的社区工作者，要在3年内取得社工资格，并作为续聘的主要依据。《意见》还提出要支持培育社会组织，积极引导各种社会组织通过政府购买服务等途径参与社区管理和服务；大力推进社区志愿者注册制度，推动社区社会管理创新，实现社区、社会组织和社会工作“三社联动”。     

社区青少年工作中的教育、服务和管理功能

社区青少年工作作为社区精神文明建设的重要组成部分，长期以来，一直受到社会各界的关注。尤其是因“双休日”而增加了闲暇时间，再加上“两级政府、三级管理”这一城市管理新体制的实行，社区青少年工作的内容方式都直接面临新的领域和发展空间。经过近年来的实践，以社区青年工作委员会为工作主体，以社区青少年教育、服务、管理为主要内容的工作正逐步形成，而且已由活动型向功能型方向转变。一、社区青少年工作由活动型向功能型转变的必然性开展形式多样的教育活动，一直是社区青少年工作的主要手段。实践证明只要组织活动，就容易吸引…     

Youth transitions and interdependent adult–child relations in rural Bolivia

There are few studies which document youth transitions from school to work in rural areas of the majority world. This paper, based on ethnographic fieldwork in a rural community in Bolivia, considers how young people make decisions about different types of school-to-work transitions which include migrating to continue their formal education, working in the community, or seeking migrant work in the regional town or in neighbouring Argentina. The paper explores how young people negotiate structural constraints over their choice of transition, including the rural location, economic resources, parental attitudes and family background, gender, birth order, social networks and role models. Importantly the paper highlights that underlying young people's choice of transition are interdependent household relations. In the majority world, in this case in Bolivia, rural young people may achieve economic independence sooner than those in the minority world, but long-term family interdependence tends to be maintained throughout the life-course. This paper suggests that the notion of negotiated interdependence is a more appropriate way to understand youth transitions and relations between young people and adults in rural areas of the majority world.     

Adult youth workers’ conceptions of their work in an under-resourced community in the United States

This study examined adult workers’ conceptions of their work with youth in a large, underserved, urban region in the northeastern United States. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 18 youth workers from various organizations, affiliated with a community coalition focused on substance abuse prevention, we explored how adults viewed their role of working with youth. We were particularly interested in whether these workers saw youth empowerment and collaboration with youth for community change as part of their role. Our data suggested that while workers in this study were very supportive of youth, the support and actions they provided were on behalf of rather than with them and that, in general, partnering with youth for community change was not a part of what they envisioned their work to be. While a few of the adults attempted to work more collaboratively with youth, they were clearly in the minority.     

农民工就业服务体系建设研究——基于城市社区为平台的视角

大量农民工在城市务工,由于他们未能均等享有就业服务等城市公共服务,而呈现"半城市化"的状况,要解决农民工市民化问题首先得解决农民工在城市的就业问题,就业服务对于解决农民工就业问题具有重要作用,因此,以大部分农民工生活和工作所在的城市社区为平台构建农民工就业服务体系具有重要的现实意义。构建以城市社区为平台的农民工就业服务体系,需要完善配套法律法规政策,厘清政府、非营利组织、农民工等与城市社区间的关系,建立健全社区就业服务机构体系、建设网络信息服务体系、完善就业培训体系、畅通非营利组织参与渠道。     

Summary report of action research on occupational rehabilitation and community re-integration of migrant workers with work injuries in Mainland China

This article is a summary of an action research exploring the strategies to initiate the occupational rehabilitation and community re-integration of migrant workers with work injuries in Guangdong Province, China. Using two cases of rehabilitation intervention for workers with work injury, a case management model of occupational rehabilitation and community re-integration was illustrated, in the different phases of rehabilitation. Finally, some key elements in supporting occupational rehabilitation and community re-integration for migrant workers with work injury in China were highlighted.     

Youth transitions and migration: negotiated and constrained interdependencies within and across generations

This paper, based on a longitudinal and multi-sited ethnographic study, explores the intersection between youth transitions, migration and relationships. It considers the complex ways in which rural Bolivian young people move back and forth between work and education, between home and migrant destinations as they strive to form their own household and develop new relationships, whilst continuing to maintain interdependent relations with their parents and siblings. It presents three life stories which outline the key role of relationships in shaping youth transitions and migrant trajectories. Whilst the three pathways are different, they also encompass some similar features: the complexity of deciding between school or work, the key role of migration, the importance of social networks and old/new relationships, and the impact of birth-ordered and gendered household relations. In particular the paper argues that the concept of negotiated and constrained interdependencies is a useful way of understanding the flexible and opportunistic yet limited nature of youth transitions in a context of migration. The paper is based on fieldwork which involved tracking down 14 of the 18 households who had been involved in my doctoral research over 10 years ago, and of these 14 households one or both parents and two or three of the siblings were interviewed.     

Does Marcellus Shale Natural Gas Extraction Affect How Much Youth in Rural Pennsylvania Like Their Community?

Prior research on the impacts of boomtowns on youth provides mixed results. Recent qualitative work suggests youth are ambivalent about change associated with extraction of natural gas from the Marcellus Shale. The Rural Youth Education longitudinal study of youth in rural Pennsylvania provides a unique opportunity to examine youth views about their communities before and during development of the Marcellus Shale. We use two waves of data from 10 rural school districts to assess differences in youth reports of how much they liked their community pre‐Marcellus (2005) and during Marcellus activity (2009), creating a natural experiment. Youth characteristics, aspirations, perceptions of job and educational opportunities, and views about their community are included in multinomial multivariate logistic regression models to predict how much youth like their community. We find no difference in youth liking their community pre‐Marcellus, but a larger share of youth in communities experiencing Marcellus activity by 2009 like their community “a lot” than those in areas not affected. The Marcellus effect strengthens when controls for other factors typically associated with extraction activity and views of community are included in the model, suggesting other, unmeasured aspects of Marcellus‐related activity influence how much youth like their community.     

新生代农民工群体特征研究

自2010年中央一号文件首次提出“新生代农民工”说法,新生代农民工开始成为社会各界关注的对象,通过梳理相关文献大致可勾画出新生代农民工所谓“四高”、“一低”、“一薄弱”的社会印象和群体特征。相对其他群体来说,新生代农民工受教育水平并不高,对于农民身份认同相对减弱,城市社区认同较高。对于新生代农民工群体特征的研究应该区分农民工的人口学特征与社会特征,并充分认识到新生代农民工群体的异质性,对其定义和特征把握要注意从与周围群体和代际关系中共同考虑。     

Social Activists: Lessons for Community Psychology

In a graduate class in community psychology, each student studied the lives and achievements of social activists. This article integrates the work and accomplishments of 5 social activists into a conceptual and methodological framework for social change within community psychology. These activists worked on issues including national liberation, women's suffrage, the rights of migrant workers, and community development. The methods used by these activists are particularly relevant to the field of community psychology. The article discusses the implications of the work and accomplishments of these social change agents.     

The politics of fear and empathy: emotional ambivalence in ‘host’ children and youth discourses about migrants in Cyprus

This article looks at the emotion discourses among 30 Greek-Cypriot children and youth interviewees when they describe their feelings about migrants in Cyprus. It looks at how migrant representations and narratives are highly emotional constructions that children and youth utilize to make sense of their views about how migrants are different or similar to themselves. In particular, the article focuses on the simultaneous contradictory positions and feelings of fear and empathy. Two important implications for intercultural education are discussed. First, it is suggested that it is valuable to acknowledge that the emotion work required from ‘host’ children and youth in their interactions with migrants should not be taken for granted. Second, rather than painting a ‘negative’ or ‘positive’ image of children and youth’s responses to migrants – which categorizes children and youth in simplistic ways – it might be more productive to examine how their emotions are linked to ambivalent discourses and inform actions in negotiating the presence of the other and one’s sense of belonging.     

What Adolescents Learn in Organized Youth Activities: A Survey of Self‐Reported Developmental Experiences

This research inventoried adolescents' reports on different developmental and negative experiences in organized youth activities, including extracurricular and community‐based activities. High school students' experiences were assessed using a newly developed instrument, the Youth Experiences Survey (YES). These youth reported higher rates of learning experiences in youth activities than in 2 other major contexts of their lives. Youth activities were associated with experiences related to initiative, identity exploration and reflection, emotional learning, developing teamwork skills, and forming ties with community members. The findings also suggest that different youth activities offer distinct patterns of learning experiences. Service, faith‐based, community, and vocational activities were reported to be frequent contexts for experiences related to identity, prosocial norms, and links to adults. Sports were a frequent context for those related to identity work and emotional development.