90年代以来中国人口两种迁移类型的变化

本文主要探讨９０年代以来深入改革开放和经济结构调整过程中,政策变化对有计划的户口迁移和自发的非户口迁移两种不同类型人口迁移的影响。     

非正规就业者的境况得到改善了么?——来自1997-2011年CHNS数据的证据

为研究国有企业改革以来我国城镇非正规就业者的境遇变化,本文利用1997-2011年CHNS数据库,采用倾向得分匹配(PSM)方法,对城镇非正规就业者和正规就业者收入差距进行实证研究.结果发现,城镇非正规就业者与正规就业者收入存在显著差异,且呈现不断扩大的趋势,尤其是有雇工的非正规雇佣者、无雇工的非正规自雇者与正规就业者收入差距越来越大,表明我国城镇非正规就业者的生存境遇正不断恶化,劳动力市场向着不利于非正规就业的方向发展.这要求在劳动力市场改革中应充分考虑非正规就业者的生存空间,加大对非正规就业者的扶持力度的同时,注重非正规就业政策的差异性,减少劳动力市场扭曲对非正规就业者的影响.     

大城市外来人口迁移行为影响因素分析

利用2008年四大城市的外来人口问卷调查资料,运用多层次Logit模型分析影响大城市外来人口迁移行为的个体因素和迁入地因素。研究发现,外来人口的迁移行为发生较大的变化,城城迁移所占比重的上升导致性别、婚姻状况以及户口类型等因素对迁移概率的影响并不显著,迁移更多地表现为以家庭为单位;由于外来人口在就业和工资收入上受到不同程度的歧视,加之迁入地产业结构调整升级,就业岗位的增加对外来人口的吸引力有所下降,并且其预期收入水平与城市居民平均收入水平相脱离;城市平均工资增长率的提高对非正规部门劳动力产生了挤出效应,减小了潜在迁移者的迁移概率。     

略论我国的户口迁移政策

户口迁移,是指国内常住人口改变常住户口地址,跨越一定的行政区划界限,办理了户口迁移手续的迁移。它包括省际之间、县(旗)之间、乡镇之间,以及城镇、城乡之间的迁移等多种类型。解放以后,我国对常住人口的户口迁移,实行了严格的登记管理政策。这是     

中国移民经济收入的变化分析

依据《中国1986年74城镇人口迁移抽样调查资料》,本文试图对中国迁移人口的经济收入进行初步分析,着重阐明经济体制改革前后经济收入对移民行为影响的变化及在我国城镇体系中二者的不同相关形态。 本文将迁移定义为:跨越城镇行政区域,伴随户口变动或不变动户口但离开原居住地一年以上的移动行为。     

试论社会经济转型时期的户口迁移制度改革

我国传统的户口迁移制度是适应计划经济体制的需要形成和发展起来的。改革开放以来，我国社会经济逐步向市场经济方向转型，人口和劳动力流动活跃，原有户口迁移制度日益不适应社会经济发展的需要，改革势在必行。现行户口迁移制度改革，既要遵循社会主义市场经济对劳动力配置“效益优先，兼顾公平”的原则，还必须遵循“常住地登记入户”的原则，因此，户口迁移制度改革应建立一种“依据有合法固定的住所且居住一年以上和稳定的职业（或收入来源）的条件登记入户”的目标模式。     

加强户口迁移管理

近年来江西省宁都县部分育龄男女为逃避计划生育管理，想方设法在户口迁移上做文章：有的采取真迁出，不落户，户口长期装在口袋里，形成“口袋户”；有的真迁出，真落户，但全家到异地居住，形成“人户分离户”；有的把户籍从村委会迁出后，不到乡(镇)派出所办理迁出手续，形式上已迁出，实际是未迁出的“假迁移”等，以达到计划外生育的目的。该县针对这种情况，制定措施，加强管理，具体措施是：(1)对要求户口迁移的育龄男女，严格区分正常迁移和非正常迁移。正常迁移户口是指：婚姻嫁娶、升学、随军、投靠、农转非、招工、招干、工作调…     

“双重迁移”女性的就业决策和工资收入的影响因素分析——基于北京市农民工的调查

农民工的家庭化迁移是中国城市化发展的重要趋势。家庭化迁移和城乡迁移同时发生的"双重迁移"对农民工家庭造成了重大的影响,特别是对于家庭中的女性"双重迁移"引发不同以往的就业决策,并改变了农民工家庭的生活状态。文章在新家庭经济学的分析框架下,实证分析"双重迁移"中各类因素对女性就业选择和工资的影响。结果发现,家庭化迁移会减少女性居家就业和外出就业概率,降低女性就业水平。分析表明学前教育、技能培训等公共服务的可获得性能够提高流动妇女的劳动参与率,而在职培训和教育水平在提高女性农民工收入方面发挥了重要作用。     

论收入差距对中国乡城迁移决策的影响

本文利用问卷调查数据 ,分析了城乡收入差距对中国劳动力迁移的影响 ,以及收入差距的来源。结果表明 :(1)收入差距在迁移决策中起着显著作用。 (2 )在消除了样本选择性偏差的影响后 ,女性的城乡收入差距要高于男性。 (3)在男性的收入差距中 ,迁移者和非迁移者在素质上的差异占主导地位 ;而女性的收入差距主要决定于城乡劳动力市场的工资差别。     

中国人口迁移的影响因素浅析

80年代后期以来 ,人口迁移中的户口迁移和非户口迁移都出现了一些新的变化 ,因此很有必要研究影响中国人口迁移的相关因素。本文认为 ,影响我国人口迁移的因素很多 ,但其中距离、经济因素和人口变量因素起主要作用 ,这符合我国改革的市场化取向     

社会安全阀机制与贫富差距调适

当前,我国贫富差距较大已是一客观不争的社会事实。社会安全阀机制则起着调适贫富差距的作用,从而缓解了贫富差距所可能导致的利益和社会冲突,维持和促进了社会的稳定与发展。研究立足于贫富差距较大的客观现实,着重对现有社会安全阀机制进行分析,并指出在健全和完善相应社会安全阀机制的基础上消除较大的贫富差距。     

关于我国“民工荒”与农民工福利待遇的探讨

2004年前后在我国珠三角等地出现了"民工荒"现象,这是否意味着我国农村劳动力乡-城迁移已经接近尾声,从而农村实现土地规模化经营的时机已经成熟?本文根据托达罗模型,利用成本-收益分析法,提出这是农民进城务工收入与务农收入之间差距缩小导致的农村劳动力做出的非迁移决策.并探讨了设置农民工福利项目对劳动力市场和企业雇佣成本的影响.     

Childhood disadvantages and the timing of the onset of natural menopause in Latin America and the Caribbean

The aim of this study is to investigate the association of early life factors with the timing of the onset of natural menopause in Costa Rica and Puerto Rico. We use Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of the onset of menopause. Our results suggest that socioeconomic disadvantages, as expressed by difficulties attending school due to economic hardships or parents never living together, increase the risk of the onset of natural menopause among Puerto Rican women. Among Costa Rican women, early life nutrition, estimated using anthropometric measures, is related to the timing of the onset of natural menopause.     

Patriarchy and the Horror of the Monstrous Feminine

This paper compares the gender politics expressed in Ringu and The Ring, paying particular attention to specific and noteworthy distinctions and crucial underlying cultural differences that structure and shape the gender politics articulated in the two films. While highlighting the divergences in the films' narratives and examining how their depictions of female characters reveal the fundamental historical, cultural, social and ideological forces that structure Eastern and Western views of femininity, women, and their roles in society, this paper argues that although both films reflect a misogynist patriarchal perspective in their depiction of evil, violent, destructive females, it is the American remake that is ultimately more conservative and reactionary in its simplistic alignment of women, the feminine and maternity with evil and monstrosity. In comparison, the Japanese original offers a more ambiguous treatment of a key female character, the mysterious and deadly Sadako, allowing her to emerge as a potential figure of resistance against conservative patriarchy, an element that is distinctly absent in the American remake.     

The formal dynamics of controlled populations and the echo,the boom and the bust

This paper analyzes the pattern of fluctuations of births in an age-structured population whose growth is subject to environmental or economic constraint. It synthesizes the traditional demographic analysis of age-structured renewal with constant vital rates and the economic analysis which treats population change endogenously. When cohort fertility depends on relative cohort size, or when period fertility depends on labor force size, fluctuations of forty or more years replace the traditional "echo" or generation-length cycle. Twentieth-century U. S. fertility change agrees well with the theory, as the "Easterlin Hypothesis" suggests; but the period model fits better than the cohort model.     

Reliability and Validity of Japanese Versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

The demographic aging of the older population itself has turned out as an issue of great scope, accumulating a large amount of research in recent years. In this context, the prediction or explanation is of much interest. However, little research has studied this prediction when some factors, such as age, gender, and perceived health are controlled, and also few studies have compared these effects in young old and oldest old populations. Thus, the purpose of this study is to test, in a multivariate context, the predictive effects of variables measuring social support, dependence/active perceptions, and generativity on satisfaction with life, while controlling for age, marital status, educational level, gender, and perceived health; examining young old and oldest old similitudes and differences in a little studied population, the Angolan elderly. The sample was formed by 1,003 participants, 737 were young old and 266 were oldest old. To test for the effects, a hierarchical regression was built up, in which age and predictor’s interactions were included. Results provide support for some differences in the pattern of relationships hold by young old and oldest old, with social support emerging as the major predictor of life satisfaction during the old age.     

依托法院力量开展人口计生专项执法的实践与探索

社会抚养费征收是长期困扰人口计生部门的一大难题 ,大量人口计生遗留案件的存在 ,不仅在群众中造成一定混乱 ,而且影响到党和政府的威信。《人口与计划生育法》和《重庆市人口与计划生育条例》颁布实施前夕 ,重庆市人口计生部门依托法院力量 ,在全市范围内开展了声势浩大的专项执法 ,重点处理人口计生遗留案件、清理人口出生漏统、规范行政执法案卷、开展普法教育 ,探索出一条大规模开展人口计生行政执法的新路。1　主要做法精心制定方案。 2 0 0 1年 8月 ,重庆市人口计生委和市高级人民法院在合川市联合召开了计划生育行政执法与诉讼座谈…     

女性就业与发展困境的原因探析

就业是妇女获得发展的一个重要方式 ,因为就业的期望以及工作中产生的问题和挑战是刺激人们学习新知识、新技能 ,从而获得发展的重要推动力量。但是 ,经济的、社会的、生理的因素限制了妇女就业以及进行人力资本再投资的机会 ,而且这些因素相互影响 ,相互作用。所以 ,克服妇女就业和发展的障碍需要政府制定政策支持妇女教育和培训 ,防止用人单位在雇用、培训、晋升等环节歧视女性     

On the theory and measurement of the determinants of mortality

This article develops a model of mortality that shows how biological, demographic, and environmental factors interact to affect an individual's probability of dying. To illustrate the usefulness of the model, we derive from it (as special cases) the Brass system of model life tables and the proportional-hazard mortality model and apply a logit version of the model to analyze the determinants of child mortality in Sri Lanka.     

On the Survival of Centenarians and the Span of Life

It has been argued in the literature that the observed mortality crossover among older black Americans relative to the white population is a result of ‘differential early mortality which selects the least robust persons from the disadvantaged population at relatively earlier ages so that, at advanced ages, the disadvantaged population has proportionately more robust persons’ (Kenneth G. Manton). The authors examine the plausibility of the observed black mortality crossover and the heterogeneity argument supporting its existence. In addition to citing evidence from the literature, they use life tables from various countries known to have good mortality data to explore the relation between mortality in childhood and at younger adult ages and mortality in old age for cohorts and periods. Analysis suggests that the association between childhood and old-age mortality for cohorts is positive, implying that observed mortality crossovers are produced by deficient data rather than population heterogeneity.