A Study on EWMA charts with runs rules—the Markov chain approach

ABSTRACT

Runs rules are usually used with Shewhart-type charts to enhance the charts' sensitivities toward small and moderate shifts. Abbas et al. in 2011 took it a step further by proposing two runs rules schemes, applied to the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart and evaluated their average run length (ARL) performances using simulation. They showed that the proposed schemes are superior to the classical EWMA chart and other schemes being investigated. Besides pointing out some erroneous ARL and standard deviation of the run length (SDRL) computations in Abbas et al., this paper presents a Markov chain approach for computing the ARL, percentiles of the run length (RL) distribution and SDRL, for the two runs rules schemes of Abbas et al. Using Markov chain, we also propose two combined runs rules EWMA schemes to quicken the two schemes of Abbas et al. in responding to large shifts. The runs rules (basic and combined rules) EWMA schemes will be compared with some existing control charting methods, where the former charts are shown to prevail.     

可变抽样区间的几何EWMA控制图设计

传统的c图是基于过程服从泊松分布的假设建立的，但是，这个假设在使用中很少能得到证实，其分布还经常服从几何分布。文章设计了几何EWMA控制图，并对它进行可变抽样区间’设计，利用马尔可夫链方法计算了其平均报警时间，结果表明，所设计的可变抽样区间几何EWMA控制图较固定抽样区间的几何EWMA控制图能更好地监控过程的变化。     

基于GARCH和有偏EWMA模型预测股票价格

EWMA方法是金融风险研究中重要方法之一.文章将有偏EWMA模型与GAKCH模型相结合,详细介绍了有偏EWMA模型的参数估计,并建立了相对准确的股票交易价格波动幅度预测模型,对3只股票进行了价格预测.实证分析表明,有偏EWMA模型比标准EWMA模型预测的效果好.     

基于稳健型EWMA的期货公司保证金设定研究

文章针对目前期货公司保证金收取方式存在的问题进行了改进.文中引入基于Laplace分布发展起来的稳健型EWMA方法,建立了新的期货公司保证金设定模型,较好地反映了期货合约价格序列有偏、厚尾的现象.同时文章采用cornish-Fisher(CF)方法确定期货价格波动系数.通过对天然橡胶期货合约保证金水平的测定对本文建立的模型进行了实证研究,结果表明本文所建模型在同样保证金占用下具有更好的风险控制能力.     

基于EWMA组合模型的人民币汇率的动态预测

文章提出指数加权移动平均(EWMA)组合模型克服了传统组合方法没有考虑时序数据间时隔远近而相互影响不同的动态关联缺陷.对汇改后人民币汇率实证分析,结果发现EWMA组合模型比被组合的广义自回归条件异方差(GARCH)模型和均值回复(Mean Reversion)模型有更好的预测精度,能够更加逼真把握金融时序的未来走势.     

可变抽样区间泊松EWMA控制图的经济设计

文章主要讨论质量特性值服从泊松分布时,可变抽样区间的指数加权移动平均(EWMA)控制图的经济设计问题.首先建立可变抽样区间泊松EWMA控制图的经济模型,使期望总费用期望总费用最小来确定参数的最优值；其次用遗传算法来寻找经济模型的最优解；最后对可变抽样区间泊松EWMA控制图的经济模型进行最优性分析.     

A note on the equality of the OLSE and the BLUE of the parametric function in the general Gauss–Markov model

In this note we consider the equality of the ordinary least squares estimator (OLSE) and the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE) of the estimable parametric function in the general Gauss–Markov model. Especially we consider the structures of the covariance matrix V for which the OLSE equals the BLUE. Our results are based on the properties of a particular reparametrized version of the original Gauss–Markov model.      

Response to the “letter to the editor”

First of all, the parameters involved in Chen and Hsu (1995) are unknown. For convenience, we discussed the two possibilities of the unknown parameter μ namely μ =M and μ M, separately. In other words, we do not known wheter μ = M or μ M. Therefore, we must estimate it before drawing any statistical conclusion about the index C_pmk, The conclusion should be applied only after th ehypothesis if μ = M is tested.     

The shape of the hazard function: Does the generalized gamma have the last word?

This paper compares the five-parameter beta generalized gamma (BGG) distribution to the three-parameter generalized gamma (GG). Both distributions include the four standard hazard shapes that we believe is an important property for any parametric family. For several BGG distributions, we select matching GGs and compute the Kullback-Liebler distance, observing remarkable agreement. We explore the beta parameters' influence on the matched GG parameters, detecting a strong connection between the distributions. Lastly, we compare the distributions using two real-data examples. We conclude from these comparisons that the BGG is not likely to be more useful for analytical purposes than the simpler GG.     

Estimation of the Parameters of the Birnbaum–Saunders Distribution

Some alternative estimators to the maximum likelihood estimators of the two parameters of the Birnbaum–Saunders distribution are proposed. Most have high efficiencies as measured by root mean square error and are robust to departure from the model as well as to outliers. In addition, the proposed estimators are easy to compute. Both complete and right-censored data are discussed. Simulation studies are provided to compare the performance of the estimators.     

On the Restricted Liu Estimator in the Gauss–Markov Model

In this paper, we compare two estimators, the RLE (restricted Liu estimator) and the RLSE (restricted least squares estimator) of parameters in linear models under Gauss–Markov models. Using generalized inverse of matrices, we found some equivalency conditions for the superiority of the RLE with respect to the MSE criterion.     

Linear sufficiency and completeness in the context of estimating the parametric function in the general Gauss–Markov model

In this paper we consider linear sufficiency and linear completeness in the context of estimating the estimable parametric function K^′β${\mathbf{K}}^{\prime }\mathit{\beta }$ under the general Gauss–Markov model {y,Xβ,σ²V}$\{\mathbf{y},\mathbf{X}\mathit{\beta },{\sigma }^2\mathbf{V}\}$. We give new characterizations for linear sufficiency, and define and characterize linear completeness in a case of estimation of K^′β${\mathbf{K}}^{\prime }\mathit{\beta }$. Also, we consider a predictive approach for obtaining the best linear unbiased estimator of K^′β${\mathbf{K}}^{\prime }\mathit{\beta }$, and subsequently, we give the linear analogues of the Rao–Blackwell and Lehmann–Scheffé Theorems in the context of estimating K^′β${\mathbf{K}}^{\prime }\mathit{\beta }$.     

How risky is the optimal portfolio which maximizes the Sharpe ratio?

In this paper, we investigate the properties of the optimal portfolio in the sense of maximizing the Sharpe ratio (SR) and develop a procedure for the calculation of the risk of this portfolio. This is achieved by constructing an optimal portfolio which minimizes the Value-at-Risk (VaR) and at the same time coincides with the tangent (market) portfolio on the efficient frontier which is related to the SR portfolio. The resulting significance level of the minimum VaR portfolio is then used to determine the risk of both the market portfolio and the corresponding SR portfolio. However, the expression of this significance level depends on the unknown parameters which have to be estimated in practice. It leads to an estimator of the significance level whose distributional properties are investigated in detail. Based on these results, a confidence interval for the suggested risk measure of the SR portfolio is constructed and applied to real data. Both theoretical and empirical findings document that the SR portfolio is very risky since the corresponding significance level is smaller than 90 % in most of the considered cases.     

Distribution of the mean reversion estimator in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process

ABSTRACT

We derive the exact distribution of the maximum likelihood estimator of the mean reversion parameter (κ) in the Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process using numerical integration through analytical evaluation of a joint characteristic function. Different scenarios are considered: known or unknown drift term, fixed or random start-up value, and zero or positive κ. Monte Carlo results demonstrate the remarkably reliable performance of our exact approach across all the scenarios. In comparison, misleading results may arise under the asymptotic distributions, including the advocated infill asymptotic distribution, which performs poorly in the tails when there is no intercept in the regression and the starting value of the process is nonzero.     

Increasing the Power of the Test Through Pre-Test – A Robust Method

Robust test procedures are developed for testing the intercept of a simple regression model when the slope is (i) completely unspecified, (ii) specified to a fixed value, or (iii) suspected to be a fixed value. Defining (i) unrestricted (UT), (ii) restricted (RT), and (iii) pre-test test (PTT) functions for the intercept parameter under the three choices of the slope, tests are formulated using the M-estimation methodology. The asymptotic distributions of the test statistics and their asymptotic power functions are derived. The analytical and graphical comparisons of the tests reveal that the PTT achieves a reasonable dominance over the other tests.     

A note on the posterior inference for the Yule–Simon distribution

The Yule–Simon distribution has been out of the radar of the Bayesian community, so far. In this note, we propose an explicit Gibbs sampling scheme when a Gamma prior is chosen for the shape parameter. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with simulation studies, including count data regression, and a real data application to text analysis. We compare our proposal to the frequentist counterparts showing better performance of our algorithm when a small sample size is considered.