解决我国就业问题的深层思考

一个国家在不同时期需要解决的经济难题会有所不同，如前几年我国努力解决的是通货膨胀的难题，而现在严重的失业问题又成为亟待解决的难题。据有关方面统计，我国当前的城镇失业人口为５７０万，国企下岗工１１５０万，农村失业人口１．６亿，此外，党政系统估计还要分流５００万人，科教系统估计要精减４００万人。有专家预计近几年我国失业率不会低于１０％，这说明我国失业问题的严重性和解决就业问题的紧迫性。一、发展经济，吸呐就业经济学原理告诉我们，就业量与国民收入量成正比，即国民收入的数量越大，国民经济所能吸纳的就业者就…     

中国就业增长机理与后金融危机时期的就业促进

通过对1991-2007年就业状况的研究可以发现,中国的就业增长在宏观产业领域主要产生于非农产业,在微观经济单位主要产生于非公有制经济单位和非正规就业部门．而导致就业增长缓慢的根本原因在于片面追求经济增长、依靠投资拉动的经济发展模式。经济复苏并不一定能够带来相应的就业复苏．在经历全球金融危机之后技能不足所导致的结构性失业有可能成为我国失业的主要形式。为了促进经济复苏和经济发展方式转变．就业增长应成为宏观经济管理的优先目标,为此应在城乡统筹发展和区域协调发展、支持中小企业发展和个人创业、加强城乡一体化的职业教育培训体系建设等方面做出努力。     

我国隐性就业的现状、效应及政策分析

隐性就业作为我国经济体制转型和社会保障制度建构过程中出现的特殊就业形式,具有双重社会效应。一方面,失业(下岗)人员通过市场机制实现再就业,有助于改善他们的实际生活,一定程度上缓解政府面临的失业难题,而且对建立以市场为导向就业机制具有积极作用。另一方面,隐性就业加大了劳动就业制度改革的成本,损及社会公平,并导致就业市场信息失真,误导政府的宏观决策。但从总体上看,“隐性就业”对我国社会经济的发展还是弊大于利的。本文从劳动统计、就业体制和社会保障等方面为隐性就业的显性化提出了几点建议。     

转轨时期的就业政策选择:矫正制度性扭曲

随着城乡经济体制改革的深化，城市劳动力市场形成一种二元结构：国有企业与非国有经济的就业体制与工资形成机制并存且彼此消长。经济增长速度放慢、产业结构调整和企业改制导致失业、下岗现象的严峻化，迫切要求深化劳动就业体制改革。本文通过对就业及其体制现状的分析，提出进一步改革从而根本解决失业现象的政策建议。     

再就业工程对我国人力资源素质的影响

下岗分流、再就业工程对我国人力资源素质是一次前所未有的挑战。计划经济体制下，我国的就业状况存在着严重的隐性失业。政府为了实现公平，放弃效率，一个人的活几个人干。结果不仅不能创造生产效率，反而增加了生产成本，使生产的边际收益递减，经济发展速度缓慢。虽然我国对劳动力供求实行计划管理，长期采用低工资、高就业政策和就业终身制，但其实质是一种隐蔽性失业。在这种体制下，必然产生与之相适应的人力资源素质问题。严重的平均主义、铁饭碗使职工滋生了满足感、懒惰性、依赖性，缺乏拼搏精神，忽视自身潜力的充分挖掘，致使劳…     

我国人口就业与不同产业经济增长的实证分析

为了协调我国人口就业与不同产业经济增长的关系,对1978～2005年期间我国的人口就业与不同产业经济增长之间进行了协整分析,得出我国人口就业与第二、第三产业经济增长之间存在长期的均衡关系;同时构建模型对我国不同产业的GDP与就业人数进行了回归分析,利用我国不同产业的GDP就业弹性,比较分析了我国不同产业对就业吸纳作用的差异;以及利用得出的结论提出保持适度的经济增长,进行产业结构调整,扩大劳务输出等政策建议是缓解和扩大我国人口就业的必然途径。     

甘肃省“就业难”与“民工荒”问题探析

本文运用相关理论对甘肃省进行实证研究。结果表明:甘肃省经济增长对就业的拉动作用日趋减弱,就业难问题依旧严峻。此外,甘肃省三次产业结构与其对应的就业结构的发展集中体现为不协调。第一产业存在大量的隐性失业,实现农村劳动力在农业内部就业的潜力巨大;第二产业并没有因为拥有巨大的就业空间而接纳更多的劳动力;第三产业成为当前农村剩余劳动力转移的主要渠道,但在现有的状况下,未来接纳劳动力的能力有限;目前出现的就业难主要是因为劳动力技能与产业升级不相适应,造成结构性失业。民工荒并不是劳动力资源枯竭的信号,而是产业结构与劳动力就业结构存在巨大偏差造成的问题。     

刍议我国失业统计与国际标准的比较

当今世界,困扰全球经济和社会发展的最主要问题之一便是失业。对一国的失业统计不仅能反映其失业和就业水平,同时还可成为各国政府制定各项宏观经济政策的重要依据。本文针对我国近几年来失业现象较为严重而失业率却很小的矛盾,分析了我国失业统计与国际标准的差异,并对我国失业统计提出改进意见。     

中国失业阶段性转换特点及对策研究

近20多年,中国的失业经历了由隐性失业向显性失业的转化,为此,中国承受了巨大的总量失业的压力。而从发展趋势看,中国总量失业将会逐渐减压,而结构性失业将日益突显,同时外生性失业弱化,内生性失业强化。因此,在政策层面上,必须对中国失业阶段性转换特点给予密切的关注,并不失时机地将总量控制为主的就业政策转向结构控制为主的就业政策。     

有效就业与经济增长的关系——基于时间序列数据的协整检验

本文从有效就业的视角对我国经济增长与失业之间的关系进行的研究认为,我国企业储备了大量的无效就业人员,有效就业率低,是奥肯定律失效的微观原因。对有效就业与经济增长的协整检验表明:90年代中期以来,我国经济增长和有效就业之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,表现出协同变化的一致性。     

View Grandeur by Details and Fill Feelings in Scenery

正Chen Chenyi is one of my very valued painters.For many years,he has been assiduous in painting.Influenced by his family since childhood,he possesses profound artistic cultivation and solid basic painting skills.His pursuit in Chinese painting is refl ected in his constant exploration in the artistic conception of the painting’s general     

Statistical Communiqué on Human Resources and Social Security Development in 2013

正In 2013,under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council and with the focus on major objectives of the Party and the state,China adhered to the main work line of orienting by people’s livelihood and giving priority to talents;laid equal emphasis on both normal operation and internal construction;comprehensively promoted scientific development,reform and innovation of human resources and social security undertakings and     

Health and Happiness for All ——2014 International Day of Families China Commemoration Meeting was Held in Beijing

正May 15th is the International Day of Families.The United Nations has set the theme of this year for the Day as Families Matter for the Achievement of Development Goals.The theme for China is Health for Everyone and Happiness for Each Family.In order to do well in publicizing     

Arrests of Fugitive Economic Crime Suspects Abroad： Fox Hunt 2014 in Action

正In 2014,China launched a massive global Fox Hunt operation to arrest fugitives and recover the embezzled money and intensifi ed the pace to captur e corrupt officials overseas.Some media analysts believe the government tries to deter"those corrupt offi cials who decide to run away for good after being fully fed by embezzled money":foreign countries are not their boltholes any more."The movements of quite a large number     

Green Pu’er City and the Cloud Tea

正If being asked which is the largest city of Yunnan,nine out of ten people would give the wrong answer-just as some people would reply that Toronto is the capital of Canada,Sydney is the capital of Australia and Guilin is the capital of Gaungxi.In fact,the largest city of Yunnan is Pu’er,not Kunming.Many people are familiar with Pu’er because of Pu’er Tea.They believe the place"Pu’er"is named after the tea.But the     

National Health and Family Planning Commission Issued Action Plan for National Health Literacy Promotion 2014-2020

正Health literacy is the ability of a person to obtain and understand basic healthcare information and service and make appropriate decisions to maintain and improve one’s own health by applying that information and service.It is not only an important indicator to evaluate health and family planning work and people’s health status,but also a     

China will Promote Establish ment of Classified Diagnosis and Treatment System and Reform Medical Insurance Payment System

正According to Xinhuanet,during the Forum on Pilots of Urban Public Hospital Comprehensive Reform held in Sanming City of Fujian Province,Dr.Li Bin,Minister of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)indicated that the pilots of public hospital reform would promote the establishment of classifi ed diagnosis and treatment system.Li said the medical consortium connected grassroots medical institutions to major hospitals on both ends.It had     

Statistical Communique on Development of Disabled Persons Undertaking in China in 2013

正In 2013,the sixth national congress of China Disabled Persons'Federation(CDPF)was convened successfully,which had provided important idealogical and organizational guarantees for promoting innovation and development at a new starting point.Under the effective leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,Party and government departments had attached great importance,CDPF worked hard,all     

“Poststroke Rescue”Public Welfare Project Plans to Provide Services to 100 000 Shanghai Rural Elderly

正According to Chinanews.com,"Pinetree Poststroke Rescue"public welfare project,which aims at providing social assistance for stroke patients,has established the first rural rehabilitation nursing station in Minhang district of Shanghai on April 3,2014.The public projects has planned to fully cover nine districts in Shanghai suburbs and expect to deliver services to more than 100 000 rural elderly.The organization founder Wang Yanni introduced the"beautiful rural trilogy"strategy.First,by working with     

Low Fertility Trap:Theories,Facts and Implications

The low Fertility Trap Hypothesis proposes that there are three self-reinforcing mechanism--demographic,sociological and economic,working towards a downward spiral in future fertility.Once TFR drops below 1.5,it will be difficult to recover.The fertility recovery emerging in many countries across the world has changed the lowfertility trap theory and also the justification of the theory itself.So low-fertility trap is more likely a pattern summarized from a short-time phenomenon than a generalized social law.As with China,the current fertility level is above 1.5 births per woman,and China is not in the "Low-fertility trap".Moreover,most recent surveys suggests that current fertility intention in China is above 1.8 births per woman and more than60 percent of people would have a second child if there is an adjustment of fertility policy.In addition,birth postponement is still playing an important role in reducing TFR in China.Thus,with the high fertility intention,adjustment of family planning policy and decreasing tempo effect,TFR in China will experience upturn but not further decline in the near future.It is lack of evidence to conclude that China has already been or is going to be trapped in low fertility.