Bureaucratic Politics and Administrative Reform: Why Politics Matters

Administrative reform is a political, not managerial, issue. This study argues that administrative reform is highly influenced by realities of bureaucratic politics. Reforms usually mean the struggle over power between involved actors. There are evidences of patterns of power struggle among and between politicians and bureaucrats. Including contestation among bureaucrats that are responsible for public management reform. These power struggles and contestations explain the decision-making processes for designing and implementing administrative reform policies and shifts of power relations. This article proposes a new framework to advance the concept of bureaucratic politics, with reference to administrative reform policy. It highlights the missing link between public policy and public management reform literature by revisiting the power of politicians and bureaucrats in making reform policies.     

基于社会资本理论的移动社区用户参与行为研究

移动社区将给企业带来巨大价值,而用户的参与是移动社区成功的关键.社会资本理论认为人们之间的社会网络是一种不可见的资源,将促进他们之间的知识和信息共享行为.基于社会资本理论,分析了影响用户参与移动社区行为的影响因素,用户参与移动社区的行为包括获取信息和发布信息两个方面,影响因素涉及到3个维度的6个因素,即结构维、认知维、关系维以及社会交互连接、共同愿景、共同语言、信任、互惠规则、认同6个因素:通过问卷调查,收集了250份有效问卷,采用usREL进行分析,结果表明在6个因素中,信任对用户获取信息动机影响较大,认同对用户发布信息动机影响较大.总的来说,信任、共同愿景、认同3个因素对用户参与行为的作用较为显著,需要引起移动社区提供商的重视.     

Beratung im Kontext des Neuen Steuerungsmodells in der Kinder- und Jugendhilfe

The main elements of the ongoing reform of youth welfare in Germany “Neue Steuerung” (“New Regulation”) are the reconstruction of its administration, local networking and the transfer of economical criterions to the context of social work. Advisors and coaches, working in this field, are confronted with a problem, which is highly characterized by institutional dynamics of changes, and especially with the question of efficiency of social measures. We think, it is important that advisers, coaches an supervisors, who work in this field of “New Regulation”, are informed profoundly of the current state of the reform of the administration in their region, that they find their own point-of-view to the theme of pressure in financing social measures and social providing, and that they create a flexible supply of consultation, which is comprehensive in methods and that they cooperate with their clients` institutions.     

产权结构、公司治理、社会保障与国企改革——基于Cournot竞争的系统分析

国企改革是我国经济体制改革的核心环节,引起了学界的高度关注,但现有研究基本是着眼于其某个特定侧面,忽略了国企改革系统工程的本质特征。考虑到我国经济转轨时期的特点,本文应用Cournot模型构建了关于国企改革的系统分析框架,使其涵盖了产权结构、公司治理和社会保障等重要影响因素,进而讨论了各种产权形式、公司治理状况及其社会保障建设程度与与混合产权国企的产出、收益、利润以及社会福利之间的关系,并获得了一些有益的结论,最后将其与已有研究成果进行了比对,凸显了这种系统研究的优势。     

Forecasting the impact of social change

Economic forecasting is now no longer sufficient in itself in the business world. A wide variety of pressures related to social change have an important bearing on outcomes in the present environment. In making these points, the author of this article argues for the need for greater sensitivity to social changes if business forecasting is to be meaningful.     

Policy planning for environmental management

This article considers Environmental Management as being made up of three parts: Assessment, Renewable Resource Management, and the Regulation and Control of Pollution.The author argues that the traditional dichotomy of social and physical dimensions of environmental management must be done away with. He believes that the rapidly evolving concept of Policy Planning can provide the mechanisms to deal with the problem of management in this area.     

基于制度逻辑视角的中国工会改革路径分析研究

立足中国工会改革实践,通过采集1949~2020年间《人民日报》的工会新闻报道和相关期刊文献,采用扎根理论方法提炼出中国工会的制度逻辑构成,并从制度逻辑的互动和演化来剖析中国工会改革过程中的本土特征和内在运行规律。研究结果发现:中国工会具有社会治理逻辑、员工服务逻辑和企业管理逻辑三重逻辑,且其在目标导向、行动基础、合法性和人性假设上存在差异;社会治理逻辑、员工服务逻辑和企业管理逻辑贯穿中国工会改革的全过程,共同推动工会改革历经社会治理逻辑的主导→社会治理逻辑与员工服务逻辑的竞争→三重制度逻辑的平衡融合3个阶段,且呈现出复杂性、动态性的演化特征;中国工会的组织结构和管理体系存在制度惯性的约束,导致其内部逻辑的演变始终滞后于外部制度环境变化。     

Italian Families Under Economic Stress: The Impact of Social Policies

The author argues that the persistent and growing inequality in income distribution and relative social immobility of households in Italy depend not only on the specific, dualistic, features of its economy but on its social (particularly family) and welfare arrangements: in terms of the behaviours they encourage within households and by specific household members (along gender and generational lines).     

An Assessment of the Italian 2007 Complementary Social Security Reform: A Simulation Approach

In this paper we aim at assessing the outcomes of the 2007 Italian reform of the complementary social security scheme and at identifying the determinants behind them. The reform provided workers with relevant incentives to switch the investment of about 7 per cent of their gross yearly wages from a firm‐managed scheme (which took the form of a termination indemnity payment, the Trattamento di Fine Rapporto scheme) to an external pension fund. We provide a theoretical framework to model the workers' problem of choosing between these two different forms of complementary social security schemes and we then perform an agent‐based simulation taking into account all the details of the reform. Differently from previous contributions, we stress the impact that the investment decision has on the financial health of firms and, consequently, on workers' employment stability. Our simulations are able to replicate the Italian data in terms of adhesion rates to complementary social security and also to identify some of the key determinants of that outcome, such as fiscal incentives, individual preferences, the working of both the Italian labour and the financial markets and the productive structure of the Italian economy.     

Setting operational goals for corporate social responsibility

In this article the author argues that more formality in social responsibility planning efforts is a concept which is extremely pertinent in today's conditions. Rewards will accrue to the organization that can move beyond aesthetic objectives and achieve operationality in social responsibility goal setting. This requires, basically, the application of techniques that have proved to be successful in MBO programs. By translating broadly stated social objectives into goals that are clear, concise, time related and cost related, management will inject an increased measure of integrity into its planning process, improve social responsibility programs, assure future successes in the social performance arena, facilitate the appraisal of management personnel, and enhance the organization's credibility with its multiple publics. Positive benefits will flow to the organization, its immediate publics, and to the society at large as a consequence of operational planning methods as described herein.     

基于社会全面参与的创业教育模式研究

基于现有文献的回顾,分析了国内外创业教育的发展现状以及若干典型的创业教育模式,并在此基础上,构建了基于社会全面参与的我国创业教育模式。在我国高校开展创业教育,并积极改革创业教育模式,构建基于社会各方力量全面参与的高校创业教育模式,对于改善创业教学效果,培养更多优秀的创业大学生,提高就业率,促进经济增长都具有积极的意义。     

Socio-political processes in international management in post-socialist contexts: Knowledge,learning and transnational institution building

This paper contributes to the recent debates and emerging concepts in the international business literature by applying a social–institutionalist perspective that focuses on the processes of institution building in ventures between Western multinational corporations and post-socialist enterprises. It is argued that the knowledge and learning processes within these transnational sites are constitutive of the actual management and organizational practices that emerge in these social microcosms of transformation. In transition and other emerging economic contexts, international ventures are typically based on asymmetrical relationships, in which the balance of power is structurally weighted in favor of the MNC. Notwithstanding this dominance structure, constructing new practices within the transnational social space is a socio-political process involving power-holders such as senior managers representing the Western MNC and the local enterprise. The paper argues that the strategic orientations of these key power-holders are critical variables in explaining the diversity of concrete patterns of institution building on transnational sites.     

Health‐Care Reform and ESI: Reconsidering the Relationship Between Employment and Health Insurance

The health‐care reform promised by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of March 2010 continues our dependence on a central feature of the American health‐care system: employer‐sponsored insurance (ESI). In this article I will criticize the assumptions regarding market and welfare concerns on which this dependence is based and argue that efforts to mandate ESI ignore both the dynamics of the employment relation and the nature of health‐care needs. A comparison between investing in employee education and investing in employee health will reveal the pragmatic challenges to ESI and the covert appeal to employer beneficence on which ESI rests. This paper argues that relying on ESI to guarantee appropriate care for a significant segment of the population is undesirable and unsustainable from both market and moral perspectives.     

The natural step: A compass for environmental management systems

The corporate environmental mantra for the new millenium “sustainability,” but few firms truly know how to define it. In this article, Susan Burns provides concrete examples of how Electrolux, Sanga-Saby, Mitsubishi, OKI Semiconductor, McDonalds and Interface have used The Natural Step to enhance their environmental management systems and support a vision of sustainability. Burns argues that The Natural Step will give companies an advantage when responding to evolving social and consumer demands.     

Social Structures and Resistance to Strategic Change: British Manufacturers in the 1980s1

This article examines the refusal of two UK manufacturers to adapt their strategic ‘repertoires’ to the recessionary and structural changes of the 1980s. From being industry leaders in 1980, both companies were relegated to overseas control by the end of the decade. Developing both institutionalist and contextualist approaches to organization, the article argues that this fatal resistance to change derived from the deep social structural roots of these two companies' politics and cultures. Conservative managers were able to defy new capitalist logics by drawing upon alternative social structural sources of power, legitimacy and inspiration. The article concludes by considering the implications of this plural structuring of organizations both for organizational theory and for the management of change in practice.     

中国管理学者该登场了

从中国经济与社会的发展所取得的历史性突破和面临的挑战的现实,提出中国管理学界的历史责任是"发现规律,解释现象,指导实践"。要实现中国管理学界的历史使命,管理研究必须融入中国情境,即管理科学部首次明确地提出实践导向。为此,分析了中国管理科学研究面临的挑战,并提出了几个值得关注的中国管理实践研究的课题。基于此,展望了5～10年内中国管理科学研究的前景。     

A Manifesto for Information Management Research

This paper calls for major rethinking in information management research as we enter the second half of the 1990s and approach the 21st century. It argues that, should we not take up the challenges identified herein, it is likely that what little remains of the discipline ‘information management’ will be subsumed into the realms of computer science/engineering at one end of the spectrum, and strategic management and organizational behaviour at the other. It argues that while it is no bad thing that aspects of the topic are dealt with in these related fields, it is important that information management should be seen as a discipline in its own right. In order to achieve this recognition – indeed, in order to earn this recognition – major restoration is required. The paper seeks to begin a debate on this topic by presenting a manifesto¹ for reform in the field of information management by discussing a series of concerns regarding the focus, methods and quality of research in this field; its reference disciplines, and its international and cross-cultural considerations. This is not meant to be a comprehensive treatment of the issues by any means, but an attempt to present aspects of the topic that are of importance. By commencing the debate, it is hoped that the issues will become clearer, and action can begin to be taken. The list will doubtless be refined as the debate ensues.     

企业非市场战略理论体系及其内在主导机制研究

基于非市场环境界定了企业非市场战略的内涵;分析了企业政治战略、社会公众及媒体战略和企业社会责任战略等非市场战略类型,以期建立一个完整的非市场战略理论体系。最后,论述了市场与非市场战略内在主导机制的差异,即市场战略由“独特性机制”支配,而非市场战略则靠“合法性机制”来主导。要获得持续的竞争优势和卓越绩效,企业应对市场战略和非市场战略进行协同整合,构建起“市场-非市场”的一体化整合战略。     

Managing the Coordination of Social Services in the Mixed Economy of Welfare: Competition,Cooperation or Common Cause?

This paper explores the issue of the coordination of public services in conditions of plural service provision. It does this by focusing on the example of personal social services provision by local authorities in the UK. Specifically it explores the evolving relationship between these authorities and voluntary and non-profit organizations. It does so by using the models of markets, hierarchies and clans with which to examine the implications of different modes of service coordination. The paper argues that this is an important approach for helping us to understand the evolving nature of the management of plural public services in the UK.