The search for Jewish identity in Russia∗

A NARROW PERSPECTIVE ON SOVIET DISSENT

DISSENT IN THE USSR. POLITICS, IDEOLOGY, AND PEOPLE, ed. by Rudolf L. Tökés. Baltimore and London, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1976. xiv, 453 pp. Index. $4.95, £3.50 paperback.

SOVIET JEWISH SCHOOLS

JEWISH SCHOOLS UNDER CZARISM AND COMMUNISM: A STRUGGLE FOR CULTURAL IDENTITY, by Zvi Halevy. New York, Springer, 1976. 239 pp. $14.50.

>THE SOVIET JEWISH EMIGRATION MOVEMENT

COURTS OF TERROR. SOVIET CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND JEWISH EMIGRATION, by Telford Taylor, Alan Dershowitz, George Fletcher, Leon Lipson and Melvin Stein. New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 1976, xi + 187 pp. Illus. Appendices. $6.95.

LE GRAND RETOUR, by Christian Jelen and Léopold Unger. Paris, Albin Michel, 1977, 348 pp. Illus. Bibl.

FROM MOSCOW TO JERUSALEM. THE DRAMATIC STORY OF THE JEWISH LIBERATION MOVEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON ISRAEL, by Rebecca Rass with the collaboration of Morris Brafman. New York, Shengold, 1976. 256 pp. $8.95

TWO NAZI SATELLITES, SLOVAKIA AND BULGARIA

THE PARISH REPUBLIC: HLINKA'S SLOVAK PEOPLE'S PARTY 1939–1945, by Yeshayahu Jelinek. Columbia University Press, 1976. viii, 206 pp. Bibl. Index. (East European Monographs, No. XIV.) $18.75, £7.20.

BULGARIEN — LAND OHNE ANTISEMITISMUS, by Wolf Oschlies. Erlangen, Ner Tamid Verlag, 1976. 168 pp. Illus. Docs. DM 18.80.

AN UNSATISFACTORY STUDY

THE SOVIET UNION AND BLACK AFRICA, by Christopher Stevens. London, New York, Macmillan, 1976. xii + 236 pp. Appendices. Bibl. Index. £10.00.     

A unique Birobidzhan collection

JEWS AND SOCIALISM

REVOLUTIONARY JEWS FROM MARX TO TROTSKY, by Robert S. Wistrich. London, Harrap, 1976. 254 pp. £6.75.

THE MENSHEVIKS, 1917–39

THE MENSHEVIKS. FROM THE REVOLUTION OF 1917 TO THE SECOND WORLD WAR, ed. by Leopold H. Haimson. Chicago, London, The University of Chicago Press, 1974. xxiii + 476 pp. Appendices. Name Index. Subject Index. (Hoover Institution Publications 117.) £12.40.

POLAND BETWEEN THE WARS

MOZAIKA POLITYCZNA DRUGIEJ RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ (The Political Mosaic of the Second Republic), by Jerzy Holzer. Warsaw, Ksiazka i Wiedza, 1974. 688 pp. Names Index. Index of parties and organization.

CWIERC WIEKU Z KURIEREM WARSZAWSKIM (1914–1939) (Twenty Five Years with the Kurier Warszawski), by Konrad Olchowicz. Cracow, Wydawnictwo Literackie, 1974.

SOVIET VIEWS ON WAR AND DETENTE

CONVERGENCE OF COMMUNISM AND CAPITALISM. THE SOVIET VIEW, by Leon Gouré, Foy D. Kohler, Richard Soll, Annette Stiefbold. Center for Advanced International Studies, University of Miami, 1973. ix, 168 pp. Docs. (Monographs in International Affairs.) $5.95, $4.95 paperback.

SOVIET STRATEGY FOR THE SEVENTIES. FROM COLD WAR TO PEACEFUL COEXISTENCE, by Foy D. Kohler, Moss L. Harvey, Leon Gouré, Richard Soll. Center for Advanced International Studies, University of Miami, 1973. v, 241 pp. Index. (Monographs in International Affairs.) $5.95, $4.95 paperback.

THE SOVIET VIEW OF WAR, PEACE AND NEUTRALITY, by P. H. Vigor. London, Routledge and Kegan, 1975. vii, 256 pp. Bibl. Index. £6.50.

JUDAICA IN HUNGARY

EVKONYV. Kiadja a Magyar Izraeliták Országos Képviselete (Yearbook Published by the Central Council of Hungarian Jewry) 1975–76, by Sandor Scheiber (Ed.). Budapest, 1976. 423pp. Ft. 42.00

MONUMENTA HUNGARIAE JUDAICA. VOL XVI, by Sándor Scheiber and Jenö Házi (Eds.). Budapest, 1974. 565pp. Illus. Index. Ft. 180.00     

From Rags to Riches: Jewish Oligarchs in Russia

SELECTIVE REMINISCENCES

KHRUSHCHEV REMEMBERS. THE LAST TESTAMENT, translated and edited by Strobe Talbott. London, André Deutsch; New York, Little Brown, 1974. xxxi, 602 pp. Illus. Appendix. £4.95; $12.95.

HISTORY OF ZIONISM IN RUSSIA

HA‐TENUAH HA‐TSIYONIT BE‐RUSYA (The Zionist Movement in Russia), by Yitshak Maor. Jerusalem, Ha‐Histadrut ha‐Tsiyonit, 1974. 597 pp.

A CONTRIBUTION TO JEWISH DEMOGRAPHY

STUDIES IN JEWISH DEMOGRAPHY: SURVEY FOR 1969–1971, edited by U. O. Schmelz, P. Glickson and S. J. Gould (Institute of Contemporary Jewry, Hebrew University, Jerusalem; and Institute of Jewish Affairs, London), 1975. 375 pp. N.p.

ANTI‐ZIONISM AND ANTISEMITISM

SOVIET ANTI‐SEMITISM: THE PARIS TRIAL, ed. and with an Introduction by Emanuel Litvinoff, London, Wildwood House, 1974. 120 pp. £3.00.

POLZUCHAYA KONTRREVOLYUTSIYA (Creeping Counterrevolution), by Vladimir Begun, Minsk, Izdatelstvo “Belarus”, 1974. 191 pp. 28 kop.

AN UNSATISFACTORY STUDY

THE SOVIET TREATMENT OF JEWS, by Harry G. Shaffer. New York, Washington, London, Praeger, 1974. 231 pp. £6.50.

FASCISM AND ANTISEMITISM IN THE DANUBE BASIN

THE SHADOW OF THE SWASTIKA. THE RISE OF FASCISM AND ANTI‐SEMITISM IN THE DANUBE BASIN, 1936–1939, by Bela Vago. Farnborough, Saxon House, D. C. Heath, for the Institute of Jewish Affairs, London, 1975. 431 pp. Docs. Maps. Index of Names. Subject Index. Appendix. £6.50.

THE JEWS OF HUNGARY

EVKONYV 1973/74 (Yearbook 1973/74), ed. by Sándor Scheiber. Budapest, Magyar Izraeliták Országos Képviselete, 1974. 382 pp. Illus. 40 Ft.

A PICTURE OF POLISH SOCIETY BETWEEN THE WARS

SPOLECZENSTWO DRUGIEJ RZECZYPOSPOLITEJ 1918–1939 (The Society of Interwar Poland 1918–1939), by Janusz Zarnowski. Warsaw, PWN (State Scientific Publishers), 1973. 435 pp. 40 zl.     

Materials relating to east European Jewish history and culture in the archives of the former Soviet Union

YOM KIPPLTR AND AFTER

YOM KIPPUR AND AFTER. THE SOVIET UNION AND THE MIDDLE EAST CRISIS, by Galia Golan. London, Cambridge University Press, 1977. ix + 350 pp. Index. £9.00

LITERARY PORTRAITS OF A BYGONE AGE

OCHERKI I PORTRETY. STAT'I O EVREYSKIKH PISATELYAKH (Essays and Portraits. Articles on Yiddish Writers), by G. Remenik. Moscow, Sovetsky pisatel, 1975. 422 pp.

MARXISM AND RELIGION: THE STRUGGLE FOR MAN'S SOUL

MARXISM AND RELIGION IN EASTERN EUROPE. Papers presented at the Banff International Slavic Conference, September 4–7, 1974, ed. by R. T. de George and J. P. Scanlan. Dordrecht — Holland; Boston — USA, Reidel, 1976. xvi + 181 pp. Index. (Sovietica 36.) Dfl. 70.00, US $27.00.

ANTIRELIGIOUS PROPAGANDA IN THE SOVIET UNION. A STUDY OF MASS PERSUASION, by David E. Powell. Cambridge, Mass.; London, England, MIT Press, 1975. xi + 206 pp. Illus. Appendices. Bibl. Index. £13.75.

EVERYDAY LIFE IN THE WARSAW GHETTO

LUDZIE Z DZIELNICY ZAMKNIETEJ. ZYDZI W WARSZAWIE W OKRESIE HITLEROWSKIEJ OKUPACJI, PAZDZIERNIK 1939‐MARZEC 1943 (People in the Quarter. Jews in Warsaw During the Nazi Occupation, October 1939‐March 1943?), by Ruta Sakowska. Warsaw, PWN for the Jewish Historical Institute in Poland, 1975. 399 pp. Illus.

A SLANTED HISTORY OF POLISH COMMUNISM

THE COMMUNIST PARTY OF POLAND (Second Edition), by M. K. Dziewanowski. London, 1976. 419 pp. Index. £10.50.     

Identifying Jewish names in Russia

SOVIET SAGA OF A JEWISH FAMILY

TYAZHELY PESOK (Heavy Sand),* by Anatoly Rybakov, in Oktyabr, nos. 7, 8, 9, 1978.

JEWS, DETENTE AND DISSENT

EXIT VISA. DETENTE, HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE JEWISH EMIGRATION MOVEMENT IN THE USSR, by Colin Shindler. London, Bachman &; Turner, 1978. 291 pp. Illus. Appendices. Bibl. Index. £7.50.

AN INTERESTING DEVELOPMENT

NASTOLNY IUDEYSKY KALENDAR NA 5739 god (Jewish Religious Calendar for 5739/1978–79), edited by S. L. Kleynman. Moscow Religious Society, 1978. 200 pp.

MINORITY NATIONALITIES IN THE USSR

L'EMPIRE ECLATE: LA REVOLTE DES NATIONS EN URSS, by Helene Carrere d'Encausse. Paris. Flammarion, 1978. 314 pp. Graphs and Tables.     

Review essay

Crime and Punishment in South Africa, edited by JAMES MIDGLEY, JAN H. STEYN and ROLAND GRASER. Johannesburg: McGraw‐Hill, 1975 R10.50.     

Contemporary forms of slavery

Slavery in Brazil: A Link in the Chain of Modernisation: the Case of Amazonia, (A Report by Anti‐Slavery International, no.7 Human Rights Series). ALISON SUTTON. London, 1994. 154pp., bibliography, maps, glossary, photographs. £5.95. ISBN 0–900918–32–2.

Britain's Secret Slaves: An Investigation into the Plight of Overseas Domestic Workers (with contributions from Anti‐Slavery International & Kalayan and the Migrant Domestic Workers, no.5 Human Rights Series). BRIDGET ANDERSON. London, 1993. 122pp., references, appendices, photographs. £5.50. ISBN 0–900918–29–2.

Child Labour in Nepal (A Report by Anti‐Slavery International and Child Workers in Nepal Concerned Centre no.13 Child Labour Series), OMAR SATTAUR. London, 1993. 71pp., bibliography, maps, glossary, appendices, photographs. £5.00. ISBN 0–900918–31–4.

Ethnic Groups in Burma: Development, Democracy and Human Rights (A Report by Anti‐Slavery International, no.8 Human Rights Series), MARTIN SMITH. London, 1994. 139pp., bibliography, maps, chronology, photographs. £5.95. ISBN 0–9009–18–34–9.     

An association between bone mineral density and anabolic hormones in middle-aged and elderly men with prediabetes

Introduction: Prediabetes (PD) leads to reduced testosterone (T) in males, but the association between the anabolic hormones and bone mineral density (BMD) remains unknown.

Objectives: We investigated an association between the anabolic hormones and BMD in middle-aged and elderly men with PD.

Methods: We investigated 84 prediabetic and 56 control men. Total T (TT), calculated free T (cFT), and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) were measured, and BMD was assessed using DXA methods.

Results: Patients with PD had lower TT (p?p?<?.005), and DHEAS (p?<?.02) than control group. BMD values of the lower lumbar spine (p?<?.02) and total body (p?<?.05) in prediabetic men were lower than in control group. Lumbar spine BMD correlated with TT (r?=?0.376), cFT (r?=?0.235), and HbA1c (r?=??0.368); femoral neck BMD correlated with TT (r?=?0.412) and cFT (r?=?0.421). The high lumbar spine and femur neck BMD was associated with high TT, cFT, and low HbA1c, while the high total body BMD with high TT, cFT, and low HbA1c.

Conclusion: The anabolic hormones significantly affect BMD in male with PD, and screening for low BMD is necessary in these patients.     

Androgen status in non-diabetic elderly men with heart failure

Purpose: We aimed at evaluating androgen status (serum testosterone [TT] and estimated free testosterone [eFT]) and its determinants in non-diabetic elderly men with heart failure (HF). Additionally, we investigated its associations with body composition and long-term survival.

Methods: Seventy three non-diabetic men with HF and 20 healthy men aged over 55?years were studied. Echocardiography, 6-min walk test, grip strength, body composition measurement by DEXA method were performed. TT, sex hormone binding globulin, NT-proBNP, and adipokines (adiponectin and leptin) were measured. All-cause mortality was evaluated at six years of follow-up.

Results: Androgen status (TT, eFT) was similar in elderly men with HF compared to healthy controls (4.79?±?1.65 vs. 4.45?±?1.68?ng/ml and 0.409?±?0.277 vs. 0.350?±?0.204?nmol/l, respectively). In HF patients, TT was positively associated with NT-proBNP (r=?0.371, p?=?0.001) and adiponectin levels (r?=?0.349, p?=?0.002), while inverse association was noted with fat mass (r?=??0.413, p?<?0.001). TT and eFT were independently determined by age, total fat mass and adiponectin levels in elderly men with HF (p?<?0.05 for all). Androgen status was not predictor for all-cause mortality at six years of follow-up.

Conclusions: In non-diabetic men with HF, androgen status is not altered and is not predictive of long-term outcome.     

Capitalism after slavery?: The French slave trade and slavery in the Atlantic, 1500–1900

La traite des Noirs; Bastilles négrières et velléités abolitionnistes. SERGE DAGET. Editions Quest‐France Université, 1990. 300 pp. 132 Ffr 70.

Esclaves et Citoyens, les Noirs à la Guadeloupe au XIXe siècle dans le processus de résistance et d'intégration, 1802–1910. JOSETTE FALLOPE. Basse Terre: Société d'Histoire de la Guadeloupe, 1992. 713 pp.     

‘Red Devils’: The Botwin company in the Spanish civil war

Zionists “Unmasked”

VTORZHENIE bez ORUZHIYA (Invasion Without Anns), by Vladimir Begun, Moscow, “Molodaya gvardiya”, 1977. 175 pp. 35 kop.

SOVIET JEWISH RESETTLEMENT IN AMERICA

THE SOVIET JEWISH EMIGRE. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE INTEGRATION OF SOVIET JEWS INTO THE AMERICAN JEWISH COM MUNITY, December 26–27, 1976, ed. by Jerome M. Gilison. Baltimore, Baltimore Hebrew College, 1977. 167 pp. Bibl.

INTER‐WAR POLISH JEWRY

ON THE EDGE OF DESTRUCTION. JEWS OF POLAND BETWEEN THE TWO WORLD wars, by Celia S. Heller. New York, Columbia University Press, 1977. xi, 369 pp. IIIus. Index. $ 14.95.

EUROCOMMUNIST AMBIGUITIES l'eurocommunisme, by Fernando Claudin. Paris, François Maspero, 1977. 151 pp. (Cahiers libres 336). F.22.00.

EURO‐KOMMUNISMUS, by A. Dalma, J. Rovan, A. Razumovsky, M. Vermeh ren, H. Ramseier. Zürich, Edition Interform AG, 1977. 110 pp. (Texte + Thesen 79). DM 8.00.

THEORIES OF NATIONALISM

NATIONAL LIBERATION REVOLUTIONS TODAY. Part I. Some Questions of Theory, by K. N. Brutents. Moscow, Progress Publishers. 1977. 321 pp. (Problems of the Third World.)

THE EVOLUTION OF NATIONALISM IN ASIA AND AFRICA. MOSCOW, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1976. 204 pp. (Problems of Contemporary World, no. 36.)     

Application of multivariate longitudinal models in SIRT6, FBS,and BMI analysis of the elderly

Abstract

Objective: SIRT6 is a main regulator of metabolism and lifespan and its importance has been implicated in the prevention against aging-related diseases. The objective of this study was to examine the application of multivariate longitudinal models in SIRT6, FBS, and BMI analysis in the elderly men after eight weeks concurrent training with supplementation of l-arginine (l-Arg).

Methods: Thirty two elderly men with mean age of 63.09?±?3.71 years were randomly divided into four equal-sized groups (each n?=?8); Exercise?+?supplement (ES) group; exercise?+?placebo (EP) group; supplement (S) group and control (C) group. The ES and EP groups performed the eight weeks of concurrent training, three sessions per week. Group ES and group S consumed 1000?mg of l-Arg per day at 8:00?pm. Measurements of biochemical variables were done by ELISA Reader method. For analytical purposes, we used the paired sample t-test and multivariate longitudinal modeling with generalized estimating equation (GEE) methodology. All analyses have been implemented in R-3.4.1. p Values less than .05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: With respect to significant association between sirt6, FBS, and BMI, this study showed that synergy effect of training and supplementation was greater than the sum of their individual effects on SIRT6 (β?=?0.79, p?<?.001), FBS (β?=??5.56, p?=?.022), and BMI (β?=??3.89; p?=?.041). Also exercise alone had a significantly larger effect than supplementation alone on responses.

Conclusions: It can be concluded that the joint usage of concurrent training and supplement of l-Arg for elderly men could improve the metabolism and body composition.     

Battling balfour: ‘White Diplomacy’, the Russian Orthodox Church and the establishment of a Jewish State in Palestine1

ARCHITECTS OF YIDDISHISM AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY. A STUDY IN JEWISH CULTURAL HISTORY, BY EMANUEL S. Goldsmith. Rutherford, Madison, Teaneck, Fairleigh Dickinson University Press and London, Associated University Presses, 1976. 309 pp. Illus. Bibl. Index. US $15.00, £7.50.     

The Organisation and the Mouth of Hell

FLESH

‘We are now beginning a two week consultation period—but let me say this [finger raised for emphasis)—if you are not for this project [dramatic pause) you ought to be looking for a move elsewhere’. (Announcement preceding a post‐1992 university restructuring, April 2002)

‘Hang on. I am just parking the car. I am walking into the building. I am now entering the mouth of hell…’ (Conversation with a friend who was calling from his mobile phone as he entered his workplace)

‘My heart sinks every time I have to go there. It takes away your spirit’. (Former colleague writing about her experiences of going to work)

‘I am nailed to the desk at the moment…’. (My email to friend in another institution) ‘Your email was full of Catholic imagery’. (Reply)

‘We live on that border, crossroads beings, crucified beings’. (Kristeva, 1987 Kristeva, J. 1987. Tales of love, Edited by: Roudiez, L. New York: Columbia University Press.  [Google Scholar]: 254)     

Phenomenology and Integral Pheno‐Practice of Embodied Well‐Be(com)ing in Organisations

Aiming for developing a comprehensive understanding this paper investigates the multidimensional phenomenon of well‐being in organizations as an embodied and integral process from a phenomenological perspective. In particular, the paper will show how the advanced phenomenology of Merleau‐Ponty (1962 Merleau‐Ponty, M. 1962. Phenomenology of perception, London: Routledge.  [Google Scholar], 1964 Merleau‐Ponty, M. 1964. The visible and the invisible, Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.  [Google Scholar]) can help to render an extended understanding of the ‘incorporated’ dimensions of well‐being. Phenomenologically organizations will be understood as situated in an embodied life‐world in which well‐being takes place. Based on this phenomenological understanding, the article proposes an integral pheno‐practice of well‐being, by which the interior and exterior dimension as well as individual and collective spheres of well‐being and its interconnected processes are integrated. For overcoming a dualistic orientation, then a processual turn is suggested, allowing a decentred perspective of well‐be(com)ing as an emerging and inter‐relational event and accomplishment. In addition to some practical effects and implications by concluding some perspectives of further research of an integral well‐be(com)ing are discussed.     

Sexuality Examined Through the Lens of Attachment Theory: Attachment,Caregiving, and Sexual Satisfaction

Attachment researchers have proposed that the attachment, caregiving, and sexual behavioral systems are interrelated in adult love relationships (Mikulincer &; Shaver, 2007 Mikulincer , M. , &; Shaver , P. R. ( 2007 ). Attachment in adulthood: Structure, dynamics, and change . New York , NY : Guilford . [Google Scholar]). This study examined whether aspects of partners’ caregiving (proximity, sensitivity, control, compulsive caregiving) mediated the association between their attachment insecurities (anxiety and avoidance) and each other's sexual satisfaction in two samples of committed couples (Study 1: 126 cohabiting or married couples from the general community; Study 2: 55 clinically distressed couples). Partners completed the Experiences in Close Relationships measure (Brennan, Clark, &; Shaver, 1998 Brennan , K. A. , Clark , C. L. , &; Shaver , P. R. ( 1998 ). Self-report measurement of adult attachment: An integrative overview . In J. A. Simpson &; W. W. Rholes (Eds.), Attachment theory and close relationships (pp. 46 – 76 ). New York : Guilford .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), the Caregiving Questionnaire (Kunce &; Shaver, 1994 Kunce , L. J. , &; Shaver , P. R. ( 1994 ). An attachment-theoretical approach to caregiving in romantic relationships . In K. Bartholomew &; D. Perlman (Eds.), Advances in personal relationships (pp. 205 – 237 ). London : Kingsley . [Google Scholar]), and the Global Measure of Sexual Satisfaction (Lawrance &; Byers, 1998 Lawrance , K. , &; Byers , E. S. ( 1998 ). Interpersonal Exchange Model of Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire . In C. M. Davis , W. L. Yarber , R. Bauserman , G. Schreer &; S. L. Davis (Eds.), Sexuality-related measures: A compendium (pp. 514 – 519 ). Thousand Oaks , CA : Sage . [Google Scholar]). Path analyses based on the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) revealed that caregiving proximity mediated the association between low attachment avoidance and partners’ sexual satisfaction in distressed and nondistressed couples. Sensitivity mediated this association in nondistressed couples only. Control mediated the association between men's insecurities (attachment-related avoidance and anxiety) and their partners’ low sexual satisfaction in nondistressed couples. Attachment anxiety predicted compulsive caregiving, but this caregiving dimension was not a significant mediator. These results are discussed in light of attachment theory and their implications for treating distressed couples.     

Measuring… What? Notes on Some Globalization Indices

The article examines some of the instruments devised to measure globalization, in particular the CSGR Globalisation Index and the A.T. Kearney/Foreign Policy Globalization Index. The article begins by comparing the features and results of these instruments, and then highlights their strengths and weaknesses. The two most significant weaknesses are as follows. The first consists in what Beck has called ‘methodological nationalism’: the fact that attempts are made to study an essentially transnational phenomenon on a national basis. The second weakness resides in the problems—in terms of the completeness, adequacy, and timeliness of information—of the database used to calculated these indices. Also to be emphasized is that analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of these indices cannot be separated from the purpose for which they have been devised. In other words, there is no one ‘best’ instrument in absolute terms; rather there is an array of instruments with which to pursue particular knowledge goals. Finally, discussion of the techniques used to measure the phenomenon provides an occasion to raise considerations concerning the nature of globalization.     

On Social Capital and Diversity in a Feminized Industry: Further Developing a Theory of Internal Public Relations

Women's work relationships with other women in public relations management settings provide context for further developing Kennan and Hazleton's (2006 Kennan , W. R. , & Hazleton , V. ( 2006 ). Internal public relations, social capital, and the role of effective organizational communication . In C. H. Botan and V. Hazleton (Eds.) Public relations theory II (pp. 311 – 338 ). Mahwah , NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates . [Google Scholar]) conception of internal public relations (IPR) theory. To date, undertheorized in the public relations literature are intra-management relationships, social capital-diversity links, and connections between practitioners’ day-do-day lives and organizational contexts. Interviewed were 42 senior-level female public relations managers (African American, Asian American, Caucasian, and Hispanic) whose experiences reveal outcomes of woman/woman dyad work relationships over the past 5 decades and ways these may impact IPR in feminized industries. Explication of IPR theory and suggestions for further development are offered.     

The Professional's Influence within the Client System: Exploring Counter-Transference and Adult Attachment within the Therapeutic Relationships with Children Experiencing Abuse and Their Caregivers

A large amount of research has been completed on the impact of abuse and neglect on children's brain development, attachment and behaviour (Malinosky-Rummell &; Hansen, 1993, ‘Long-term consequences of childhood physical abuse’, Psychological Bulletin, vol. 114, pp. 68–79; Margolin &; Gordis, 2000, ‘The effect of family and community violence on children’, Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 51, pp. 445–479; Perry, 2002, ‘Childhood experiences and the expression of genetic potential: what childhood neglect tells us about nature and nurture’, Brain and Mind, vol. 3, pp. 79–100; van der Kolk, 2005, ‘Developmental trauma disorder’, Psychiatric Annuals, vol. 35, no. 5, pp. 401–408). Research has also begun to address the impact on the professional's and carer's psychological well-being, as a result of working with children who have experienced abuse and neglect (Cunningham, 1999 Cunningham, M. (1999) ‘The impact of sexual abuse treatment on the social work clinician’, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 277–290. doi: 10.1023/A:1022334911833.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], ‘The impact of sexual abuse treatment on the social work clinician’, Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, vol. 16, pp. 277–290; Trippany, Kress and Wilcoxon, 2004, ‘Preventing vicarious trauma: what counsellors should know when working with trauma survivors’, Journal of Counselling and Development, vol. 82, pp. 31–37; Conrad &; Kellar-Guenther, 2006, ‘Compassion fatigue, burnout and compassion satisfaction among Colorado child protection workers’, Child Abuse and Neglect, vol. 30, pp. 1071–1080). Psycho-dynamic concepts such as projection and splitting have begun to be explored in how children who have experienced abuse communicate their experience to their carers and the professionals involved with them. Some authors (Dale et al., 1986, Dangerous Families: Assessment and Treatment of Child Abuse, Tavistock Publications, London) have also explored the impact of the psycho-dynamics on the treatment team and the ‘splitting’ that can occur among professionals involved with the child. This paper aims to extend this reflection to also consider the impact of the professional's attachment history, early childhood experiences and current personal relationships on the child and caregiver's systems. Therefore, concepts such as counter-transference and adult attachment styles within the therapeutic relationship are explored and examples provided from my own practice.     

Theoretical Explanatory Model of International Adoption Failure: Attachment and Ecological Systems Perspectives

International adoption, the transfer of children for parenting purposes from one nation to another, presents an extreme form of what is often known as “stranger” adoption, in contrast to relative adoption (Bartholet, 2005 Bartholet, E. (2005). International adoption. In L. Askeland (Ed.), Children and youth in adoption, orphanages, and foster care (pp. 107–130). Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group. [Google Scholar], p. 8). Adoption brings major changes to the lives of children and adoptive parents. Intercountry adoptions are associated with high monetary costs, long waiting periods to adopt, changes of the family environment, and cultural challenges, along with other bureaucratic and socioeconomic factors. This paper explores the issue of international adoption failure through the prism of two theories: attachment theory and ecological systems theory. The author begins with a brief history of international adoption into the United States, followed by a discussion of factors contributing into adoption failure as discussed in other literature. Next, adoption failure is theoretically analyzed using the concepts of attachment and ecological systems theories. Suggestions for adoption practitioners are included.