基于资源观的企业IT能力理论及实证研究

本文研究目的是探讨企业IT能力的构成、测量及其提升问题.基于我国信息化实践背景,以企业资源观(Resource-based View)为理论依据,提出IT能力构成维度的概念模型,设计问卷及测量问题,并进行了数据收集以及信度、效度检验等实证研究对理论模型予以验证.最后,根据数据分析结果,为企业建立IT能力给出一系列的指导建议,从而有助于通过IT应用获取竞争优势.     

论银行信息化与银行发展的关系

现代科学技术日新月异,电子计算机已成为我们生活和工作的重要组成部分,而银行作为现代技术含量比较高、应用比较领先的部门,其电子化应用程度就更为广泛。本人在银行工作的二十余年,是我国银行业信息化从无到有、从弱到强的二十年。本文探讨的正是银行信息化对银行发展的影响。一、银行信息化的形成历史银行业的信息化可以说与计算机的发展同步。20世纪50年代后期,国外银行开始应用电脑处理业务,并且每年都增加巨额投资用于改进银行电脑技术,至60年代中期开始形成电脑联网。我国银行业于70年代末开始使用电脑,当时使用的主机型号为日立里光…     

企业信息技术能力及其对信息化成功影响的实证研究——基于RBV理论视角

本文研究目的是探讨企业信息技术能力的构成维度、概念测量以及其实现信息化成功的影响机制.基于我国信息化的实践,作者以企业资源理论(RBV)与以往文献为基础,研究并建立了信息技术能力及其对信息化成功影响的理论模型,认为IT基础设施、IT管理技能以及业务/IT之间关系能力三者共同交互并影响了信息技术在企业中的扩散与吸收.作者通过问卷调查法收集数据,运用结构方程模型进行实证分析,分步骤验证了信息技术能力的概念测量模型以及对信息化成功影响的结构关系模型.本研究将有助于指导企业识别和培育核心信息技术能力.从而实现信息化成功及其推动的持续竞争优势.     

基于IT价值模型的企业信息化诊断研究

根据IT价值模型,本文从IT能力、流程绩效、动态能力和企业绩效四个层次构建了企业信息化诊断指标体系。在此基础上,可拓评价方法被用来判断各个指标状态和价值创造各个阶段的综合水平。结合评价结果和IT价值生成路径,企业可以对信息化实施的薄弱环节进行诊断。最后给出了一个具体的算例。     

稳步推进我国银行业信息化

信息化的深入发展是我国银行业直面国际竞争,提高自身竞争力的重要战略规划。本文深入分析了我国银行业信息化所处的阶段和存在的诸如信息技术应用程度低、建设标准很难统一、安全保障有待于进一步加强等问题,指出了当前银行信息化的建设重点,进一步提出了稳步推进银行信息化的几点建议。     

商业银行效率研究的理论发展及对我国的启示

银行业是国民经济的资金流动命脉。我国的金融体系中,商业银行一直占据主导地位,而银行的效率又是银行竞争力的集中体现。本文对国外的银行效率研究的理论发展进行了梳理。通过借鉴国外银行效率研究的最新进展,为我国商业银行提供有益的启示和参考。     

该选哪家IT开发商？

戴先生在一家外资IT咨询公司工作了十年，一直从事银行业的IT解决方案设计，为多家国内银行和外资银行做过IT方案设计，是一位资深的银行业IT咨询专家。最近戴先生被一家外资银行聘任为该银行在中国地区的CIO，主要负责整个中国地区该银行零售业务平台的建设。该银行进入中国后一直做企业业务，企业业务部分的信息系统已经十分完善，     

银行国际化能力形成及对战略影响的实证研究

构建了在国际化扩张特定阶段,银行国际化能力形成及能力影响银行国际化战略的理论模型,并进行实证检验。以开展国际化运营的8家中国银行的时间序列数据为样本,通过非参数方法测量国际化能力,用层级回归统计方法检验假设。结果显示,中国银行业的国际化能力显著正向影响其国际化战略水平,组织学习水平显著正向影响银行国际化能力;另外,国际化经验和国际化导向也显著正向影响银行国际化战略水平。最后为中国银行业国际化发展提出了理论指导。     

高管过度自信测量的文献综述

过度自信是一种认知偏差,是指人们的一种过高估计某一事件发生概率的行为。国外对于过度自信的理论研究比较成熟。我国对于过度自信的理论研究还处于起步阶段,相关的实证研究甚少,这是因为测量过度自信的指标存的一定的困难。本文综述了国内外关于过度自信的测量的方法,并且对其方法进行了简要评析。     

基于资源观的企业IT能力与企业绩效研究

在企业广泛应用信息技术提高竞争能力之际,信息化如何给企业带来效益一直是国内外研究的热点问题.在回顾相关文献的基础上,利用基于资源观的概念框架分析企业IT资源,建立企业IT能力模型;采用配对样本比较和统计检验方法,对企业IT能力与企业绩效之间的关系进行实证分析.研究结果表明,具有卓越IT能力的企业会表现出更好的绩效,这些企业具有显著较高的营业净利率、总资产收益率、净资产收益率和人均净利润.企业不仅需要进行IT投资,更重要的是把IT投资内化为整个企业的IT能力,只有这样IT才会更好地给企业带来效益,这有助于指导中国企业信息化工程的建设和论证.     

顾客采用网络银行的影响因素研究

网络银行已经成为银行业保留老顾客和获取新顾客的一种新兴的服务渠道,而有关顾客采用网络银行影响因素的研究也越来越激发兴趣,引起关注。感知风险和信任是网络银行顾客最为担心的因素,但这似乎并没有引起学者们的足够重视。大多数研究都将顾客方面的建构作为认知建构的前置因素,而将银行方面的建构作为认知建构的前置因素的研究还几乎无人问津。本研究的重要意义在于:在具体的网络银行环境下,以科技接受模型为基础,在认知建构中增加感知风险和信任等变量,同时将顾客方面的自我效能和银行方面的便利条件两个建构分别作为认知构建的前置因素,从而对网络银行的采用意图进行理论探讨和实证检验。     

Private Ownership versus Institutional Ownership: Exclusion Pricing of Initial Public Offerings

The authors examine the literature with respect to the pricing of initial public offerings and focus upon the relationship of pricing to the structure and conduct of the investment banking industry. Using a data base of all share offerings undertaken in the United States over a two and a half year period, the authors find that there is considerable evidence for the proposition that large, prestigious, and well capitalised investment banks tend to price their share offerings at a higher absolute level than those not meeting such characteristics. Using classical statistical methods, the authors find that the pricing strategy of investment banks is connected to their affiliation with investment funds and unit trusts. The motives for such pricing strategies, the authors argue, lie with the affiliation of investment banks with investment funds, suggesting that the pricing of new share offerings may be a means of excluding retail investors from participating in the strong returns such issues exhibit. The authors raise legal and regulatory implications of their findings in the context of the general consolidation observed within the investment banking industry. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Total factor productivity and shareholder returns in banking

This paper examines shareholder value drivers in European banking focusing on the efficiency and productivity features of individual banks. In particular, we analyse the value relevance of bank cost efficiency and total factor productivity (TFP) (in all its components, including technological change, pure technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change) to see how these influence shareholder value creation in European banking. The paper focuses on the French, German, Italian and U.K. banking systems over the period 1995–2002 and includes both listed and non-listed banks. We find that TFP changes best explain variations in shareholder value (measured by market-adjusted returns, MAR, for listed banks and by the ratio of EVA_bkg to invested capital at time t−1 for non-listed banks). In both samples, we also find that technological change seems to be the most important component of TFP influencing shareholder value creation in European banking.     

关于产权、市场与我国银行业市场绩效关系的分析

通过实证分析1996-2002年间银行生产效率和市场结构变化对我国商业银行业市场绩效的效应,发现资产份额和资本份额的变化都对我国银行业市场绩效有正的效应;尽管国有银行生产效率提高对我国银行业市场绩效有正的效应,但国有银行生产效率提高的主要原因是政府的救助。基于实证分析,本文关于产权、市场与银行业绩效关系的讨论表明:银行业市场结构的渐进式变化诱致国有银行的产权改革且约束股权分散程度,国有银行的产权改革又促进银行业市场竞争,交互关系不断深化两种结构的调整,将使银行业的市场绩效得到提高。     

The Internet and the Deconstruction of the Integrated Banking Model

The rapid development of information and communication technologies (ICTs), with the Internet being one of the most significant, is shaking the foundation of the banking industry. Simply deploying the Internet as a more efficient distribution channel will not bring sustainable strategic advantages. To compete effectively, banks may need to embrace a new set of strategic priorities, based on the 'unbundling' of banking services and processes, and the 'deconstruction' of the integrated banking model. Such a radical transformation threatens the profitability and survival of some existing incumbent banks, and at the same time, it brings a cohort of new opportunities and powerful new players to the market. This paper reviews existing studies on the use of the Internet in banking, and highlights two prevailing models and the strategic thinking behind them. Based upon recent empirical evidence gathered from in-depth case studies and other information sources in the UK, the paper discusses a number of emerging tendencies and explores possibilities to reconcile the discrepancies between the two prevailing models. The paper calls for a radical departure from existing strategies in the banking industry based on the concept of process integration and service bundling. A new framework is outlined for banks and other financial organizations in developing and evaluating their strategies. The latest evidence suggests that at least eight models of Internet banking, somewhere on the spectrum between the two prevailing models highlighted by previous studies, have emerged in the UK. These models are illustrated briefly in the paper. This is still a rapidly evolving area, and new research is clearly needed to understand the key dynamics of the banking industry in the networked economy. Finally, some themes for further research are highlighted.     

The Impact of Environmental Change on the Characteristics of Top management Teams*

The study reported in this paper examined the impact of environmental change on the background characteristics of top management teams. The banking sector in Turkey provided the setting for the study. Starting with a package of economic policy decisions put into effect in January 1980, the banking sector experienced a shift from a highly stable and regulated industry into one characterized by change, and at times, a highly turbulent setting. Twenty of the 28 banks that existed throughout the 1975–1986 period constituted the sample for the study. The study focussed on entire management teams, and data were collected on all incumbents (380 in total) of general manager or assistant general manager positions in these banks in the 1975–1986 period. Three biographical background variables, operationalized at the top-management team level, were included in the analyses: age, length of time of inside service and formal education. The results provided support for the expectation that changes in environmental context affect organizational choices about characteristics of top management teams. The effects of environmental change, however, did not appear to be uniform across all variables included in the study. Size effects were also found for the average age of management teams, showing that changes in the predicted direction were more common among smaller organizations. Changes in large banks appeared to lag behind the more immediate response of smaller banks.     

金融监管对商业银行产品创新影响——基于两阶段DEA模型的研究

以金融监管为视角,从银监会政策发布到各商业银行设计理财产品产生收益,其政策效应过程是有衔接分阶段性的。本文运用两阶段的数据包络分析(Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA)方法,将监管环境下银行理财产品的运营过程分为创新产品设计与创新产品市场表现两个阶段,得到了2004年至2014年间我国银行业的创新效率,结果显示第一阶段的银行业产品创新效率和第二阶段的理财产品市场表现效率基本上呈现出正相关的关系,且金融监管对商业银行产品创新的影响效果有一定的滞后性。此外,通过计算出历年银行业创新效率投入指标的改进值,找出了效率非有效的年份与最佳效率的年份在投入产出上的差距,并从监管者的角度和银行操作层面为针对银行产品创新的监管改进提供了政策建议。     

Do performance and environmental conditions act as barriers for cross-border banking in Europe?

This paper attempts to analyse whether banking technology and environmental conditions act as barriers for the entry of foreign banks in each European banking industry. We evaluate how the efficiency score of a representative commercial bank of a given European country changes if it decides to move abroad. To carry out this analysis, we use a sample of 700 banks belonging to 11 European countries. Countries are paired and each couple is studied by using four DEA production frontiers. These frontiers allow us to measure the technological and environmental gaps between the two countries considered and, based on them, to predict the new efficiency score of the representative bank of a country that decides to operate in a different country. The results indicate, as expected, that being technologically advanced appears to be a significant deterrent to foreign competition, and that adverse environmental conditions constitute a real barrier for cross-border banking activity. Additionally, the results suggest that host-nation banking performance is a good safeguard against cross-border competition.     

A multivariate analysis of the financial characteristics of foreign and domestic banks in the UK

For the banking sector in the EU, the UK is one of the most important countries, since over a quarter of all banking assets in the EU are held in the UK and it is the largest single international banking centre, accounting for 20% of the world's cross-border lending. The UK banking sector has traditionally been one of the most open and it is characterized by a rapidly increasing foreign bank presence. Foreign banks account for 55% of the total assets of the UK banking sector. The objective of this paper is to investigate the performance of the banking sector in the UK focusing on the performance of the domestic banks as opposed to the performance of the foreign banks operating in the UK. For this purpose, a multivariate analysis is performed to identify the existing differences between the financial characteristics of domestic and foreign banks, considering profitability, liquidity, risk and efficiency factors. The data sample covers 26 domestic and 32 foreign banks operating in the UK over the period 1998–2001.     

银行特许权价值及其影响因素跨国比较

本文用Panzar-Rosse模型的H值度量了我国银行业2002-2008年特许权价值,发现特许权价值呈现U型变化轨迹,先降低再升高,总体来看我国银行的特许权价值巨大。进一步,本文将影响特许权价值变动的因素分解为管制性因素、银行因素和宏观因素三个方面,通过对86个国家的跨国实证分析表明,市场准入限制、经营范围限制、资本金管制、监管力度、银行成本控制能力、银行业发达程度和实际通货膨胀率与银行特许权价值正相关,外资参与度和经济发展水平与特许权价值负相关。