Pertinent Pamphlets

Abstract

History of Our Own Times: These Eventful Years, the Twentieth Century in the Making. Two vols., 692 and 695 pp. Encyclopaedia Britannica Co., London and New York, 1924. $11.50. Edited by Franklin H. Hooper.

History of Our Own Times: History of Modern Europe, 1878–1919. By G. P. Gooch. Henry Holt &; Co., New York, 1923. 728 pp. $5.00.

History of Our Own Times: Europe Since 1815. By Charles Downer Hazen. Henry Holt &; Co., New York, 1923. Two vols., 1202 pp. $8.00.

History of Our Own Times: Europe Since 1918. By Herbert Adams Gibbons. The Century Co., New York, 1923. 622 pp. $3.00.

History of Our Own Times: The Growth of the United States. By Ralph Volney Harlow. Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1925. xv, 862 pp. $4.00. Reviewed by: W. Randall Waterman.

History of Our Own Times: The History of the Foreign Policy of the United States. By Randolph Greenfield Adams. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1924. xv, 490 pp. Reviewed by: Lindsay Rogers

The English-Speaking Nations. By G. W. Morris and L. S. Wood. The Oxford University Press, American Branch, New York, 1924. xx, 396 pp. $1.20. Reviewed by: Howard Robinson

An Introduction to Church History. By Rev. Peter Gullday, Ph.D., Professor of Church History, Catholic University of America. B. Herder Book Co., St. Louis, 1925. vii, 350 pp. $2.00. Reviewed by: Thomas Peardon

The Turco-Egyptian Question in the Relations of England, France and Russia, 1832–1841. By F. S. Rodkey. Urbans, The University of Illinois, 1924. 274 pp. Reviewed by: Edward Mead Earle

Historical Terms and Facts. By Francis S. Betten. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, 1924. 165 pp. $1.00. Reviewed by: Malcolm E. MacGillivray

The first volume of Elie Hal$eAvy's well-known Histoire du peuple anglias au XIXe siecle has been translated into English by E. I. Watkin and D. A. Barber and appears under the title, A History of the English People in 1815 (New York, Harcourt, Brace &; Company, 1924. xvi, 576 pp. $6.00).     

Pertinent Pamphlets

Abstract

History on Trial: Culture Wars and the Teaching of the Past. Gary Nash, Charlotte Crabtree, and Ross Dunn. 1977. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN: 0679-44-687-7. $26 hardcover.     

BIDDING FOR TALENT IN SPORT

We present a novel microstructure for the market for athletes. Clubs simultaneously target bids at the players, in (Nash) equilibrium internalizing whether—depending on the other clubs' bids—a player not hired would play for the competition. When talent is either scarce or has low outside options, we support—and generalize to heterogeneous players—the Coasian results of Rottenberg (1956) and Fort and Quirk (1995): talent allocation is efficient and independent of initial “ownership” and revenue sharing arrangements. We also characterize equilibria when talent is abundant (or has a high outside option). The analysis uses a nonspecific club objective with an endogenously derived trade‐off between pecuniary and nonpecuniary benefits.(JEL J4, L1, L2)     

Public School Resegregation after Desegregation: Some Preliminary Findings

Abstract

This research continues the effort to understand the sociocultural and social-psychological effects resulting from rapid change in rural communities. Two aspects of social well-being that underlie the concept of community are addressed: a sense of local identity and solidarity and a sense of trust. Change in these perceptions during periods of rapid community growth or decline could indicate a changing sense of community and changing levels of social well-being. Four communities, each of which experienced different patterns of population growth and decline, are examined. Analysis indicated that the dimension of community reflected by trust of most people in the community did not change during periods of growth or decline, but that the dimension reflected by a sense of local identity and solidarity suffered during both population growth and population decline. Local identity and solidarity increased in the community that experienced population stabilization after several years of rapid growth. These findings highlight the importance of viewing community as multidimensional and as a resilient social phenomenon.     

The Use of Tracking Technologies for the Analysis of Outdoor Mobility in the Face of Dementia: First Steps into a Project and Some Illustrative Findings From Germany

As people age in place, cognitive impairment is a major threat to maintaining out-of-home mobility. The SenTra project measures outdoor mobility by taking advantage of tracking technology in an interdisciplinary project involving researchers from geography, social work, gerontology, psychology, and medicine disciplines. The project assesses mobility patterns of urban-dwelling demented and mildly cognitively impaired elders and cognitively intact persons over a period of 3 years in Israel and Germany. The main objectives are to learn more about out-of-home mobility by means of global positioning system/geographical information system technology, to analyze the relationships between cognitive functioning, mobility behavior, and well-being, to examine the ethical implications of the use of advanced tracking technologies in this population, and to assess the potential of tracking technologies in the diagnosis of various types of cognitive impairment. The article presents preliminary findings to illustrate the potential of interdisciplinary data analyses to be performed later in the project. Pilot data were drawn from a combined psychiatric, psycho-social, and tracking data assessment of a group of 19 men and women between 63 and 80 years of age (7 who were healthy, 6 who were mildly cognitive impaired, 6 who were demented) living in Germany. The findings revealed that healthy participants have better health and higher levels of well-being and smaller networks compared to elders who are cognitively impaired. Examples of daily outdoor trips indicate meaningful mobility patterns and the need to combine psycho-social and geographical data to understand the relationships between outdoor mobility, socio-structural dimensions, behavior patterns, and well-being. By achieving its aims, the project will be able to make a substantial contribution to basic, applied, and clinical knowledge gaps in the area of mobility and cognitive impairment research.     

Determining the Causes and Durability of Transnational Labour Migration between Mexico and the United States: Some Empirical Findings

While the field of transnational migration studies is expanding, one important challenge is to broaden research from a mainly qualitative approach proving the existence of transnational migration phenomena toward efforts to quantify transnational migration and pay more attention to analysing its internal dynamics and interrelationships with other (ideal) types of migration. Based on a qualitative and quantitative empirical study of (trans)migrants moving between Puebla (Mexico) and the New York City region focused on the life and work trajectories of 648 individuals and on biographical life history interviews with about 40 Mexican migrants, the article is focused on analysing and explaining the number of trips as an important indicator for transnational migration (even if transmigration could be predominantly a subjective perception and practice without constant physical movement between countries). In order to establish the empirical existence of the transmigration phenomenon, a typology for distinguishing between different types of migrants is advanced and applied to those migrants captured in the survey. The influence of personal, familial, time‐, job‐, and community‐related factors on their decision‐making processes and the number of country trips are analysed. The empirical findings will be complemented by qualitative interview material to present the case of a transnationally organized family. This case study serves, first, to demonstrate that research on transmigrant household decision‐making strategies is complicated by the complexity of social and family networks, which make it difficult to clearly identify household units; second, it helps address the issue of the durability of the transmigration phenomenon by showing that transnational strategies can be adopted by family members over several generations, depending on individuals' changing needs and desires.     

Promoting the Children Act (1989) in Day Services to Disabled Children: Findings from an Action Research Project

SUMMARY: This article describes an action research project designed to assess and promote the implementation of the Children Act (1989) in day services to disabled children under five. Evaluations of six service were undertaken with staff in different local authorities in England and Wales. Each service was evaluated twice, in 1992 and again in 1993. The quality of care on offer to children was consistently high across services, and local authorities appeared to be adopting a flexible approach to the promotion of standards. In addition, services had made improvements in areas such as publicity and information, cultural sensitivity and partnership with parents. Some suggestions are made about factors which contributed to these developments, and issues requiring further attention are highlighted.     

TALENT AND/OR POPULARITY: WHAT DOES IT TAKE TO BE A SUPERSTAR?

We show that both talent and popularity significantly contribute to stars' market values in German soccer. The talent‐versus‐popularity controversy on the sources of stardom goes back to Rosen (1981) and Adler (1985) . All attempts to resolve the controversy empirically face the difficulty of accurately identifying talent. In professional sports, rank‐order tournaments help in ascertaining talent. Analyzing a team setting, we use 20 different performance indicators to estimate a player's talent according to his ability to increase the team's winning probability. (JEL J31, J44, L83)     

THE COMPETITIVE RETURNS TO THE GLOBAL SEARCH FOR TALENT: PROFESSIONAL SPORTS MARKETS AND FOREIGNERS

We examine the geographical and racial diversity of a market's labor supply. While the likely impact of expanding supply is to increase the level of productivity, it is not obvious what impact the expansion would have on the overall level of competition. If the added labor increases productivity differentials or are disproportionately populated on high achieving firms, then the likely result would be greater imbalance. We find that while increases in the foreign‐born component are associated with an increase in the overall level of competition, the impact has diminished across time. (JEL C22, D23, D30)     

Significance of Medical Findings in Suspected Sexual Abuse

No abstract available for this article.     

阿拉伯比较文学教材与教学

比较文学发展到21世纪的今天,已初露曙光.曙光之一是新东方学的发展,其观点之一是世界的大文化圈不是四个,而是五个,即中国文化圈、印度文化圈、阿拉伯伊斯兰文化圈、欧洲文化圈和南北美洲文化圈.新东方学是我个人的陋见,谈出来与大家探讨.而阿拉伯比较文学的发展,其教材与教学也属新东方学范畴.     

A Collection of Thoughts and Findings on Affirmative Action

Abstract

During the 1980s and ′90s grassroots feminist and neoconservative movements increased in size and strength around the world. In the U.S. and globally, conservatives organized against the welfare state and against feminism. As a result, feminist social work has been constrained and enhanced by the competing claims of these divergent movements. This article presents a case study of one U.S. battered women's organization which retrenched and then reasserted its feminism in reaction to these contradictory forces. The analysis of this example explores the question of how feminist social workers can apply the capacity of feminist thinking and action, given the conservative constraints.