动态因子模型的广义矩估计(GMM)及其统计性质研究

对于一类存在截面相关性的动态因子模型,本文首次分别提出了动态因子向量和因子载荷矩阵的广义矩估计方法(GMM),该方法是对传统频域分析方法的补充;其次,分别研究了模型参数广义矩估计量的渐近性质和有限样本性质.研究发现,在适当的条件下,动态因子及其因子载荷矩阵的GMM估计不仅是具有渐近正态分布的一致估计,而且具有良好的有限样本性质.最后,本文利用动态因子模型对我国6大类上市公司盈利能力增长性的共同驱动因素及其差异性进行了实证分析.     

广义矩和广义经验似然估计量的有限样本性质比较

文章在线性单方程结构模型框架内运用蒙特卡洛模拟技术对广义矩(GMM)和广义经验似然(GEL)估计量的有限样本性质进行了比较.研究发现:虽然GMM和GEL一阶渐近等价,但它们的有限样本性质依赖于可获取的工具变量数、内生性强弱和样本容量:在样本容量较小时使用GEL能有效改善GMM估计偏差.     

利率期限结构模型估计中的GMM方法述评

广义矩方法(GMM)在利率期限结构模型的估计中有着广泛的应用。文章综述了在利率期限结构模型的估计中GMM方法涉及的各方面问题,其中包括过度估计问题、最优权重矩阵的选取、矩条件的选择、理论矩的计算、模拟矩方法(SMM)和有效矩方法(EMM)。     

广义矩估计的延伸——广义经验似然估计

从广义矩估计(GMM)到广义经验似然估计(GEL)的发展,是由于GMM估计量小样本性质的不足,促使人们寻求方法的改进和拓展。通过必要的证明和推导,详细解析GEL类估计量(包括EL,ET,CUE)的逻辑关系和数理结构,认识GEL的内在本质,并运用随机模拟方法证实了在小样本场合GEL类估计量比GMM估计量具有更小的估计偏差和均方误差,即GEL类估计改进了GMM估计的小样本性质。     

我国宏观经济波动冲击来源的实证分析

中国宏观经济指标表现出较强的波动及联动性,为了合理解释中国经济波动的源泉,文章基于DSGE模型,构建三阶近似下GMM估计量和贝叶斯推断下SMM估计量,实证结果显示SMM估计量是连续和渐近正态的,并且计算时间比GMM计算时间短,因而更加有效。针对我国宏观经济指标,构建的模型采用SMM估计得到变量各阶矩特征值与真实数据变量各阶矩特征值非常相近,能够解释我国宏观经济变量的经济波动特征,而造成中国经济较高波动的源泉为具有较大标准差的瞬时技术冲击,这对以后DSGE模型尤其解决时间序列偏短的宏观经济问题提供了分析框架。     

基于半参数方法的模型辅助抽样估计研究

在总结现有模型辅助估计方法的基础上,本文通过构造一种半参数超总体模型,同时结合广义差分估计思想提出一种新型的模型辅助估计量。该估计量比传统的非参数和半参数回归估计利用更少、更易得到的辅助信息,即只需利用和广义回归估计相同的辅助信息,但一般会比广义回归估计拥有更高的估计精度。理论证明了该估计量是渐近设计无偏和设计一致的,其渐近设计均方误差为广义差分估计量的方差。模拟结果显示：其至少与广义回归估计一样好;对于线性程度越低的超总体模型,其估计精度比广义回归估计有越明显的提高;就本文模拟而言,光滑参数在0.04～0.12间适当取值时其会取到相对较好的估计效果。     

动态面板空间随机前沿模型的参数估计及应用

生产效率一般会受到空间相关性和时间滞后效应的影响,不易准确测算。本文考虑时空双重滞后特征,提出一种动态面板数据空间随机前沿模型,针对模型的内生性问题,借鉴已有的估计方法,本文提出一种广义矩估计方法（Generalized Method of Moments,GMM）,并证明了参数估计的一致性。在应用分析中,利用本文所提出的理论模型实证分析了我国战略性新兴产业发展的效率,该理论模型能够客观、科学地测算技术效率,实证结论验证了理论模型的应用效果。     

从最小χ2估计到GMM估计

文章通过对统计学上著名的χ2拟合优度检验,最小χ2估计量和当今流行的广义矩估计(GMM)等方法的分析阐释,建立了它们之间的理论联系,指出广义矩估计实际上是卡方统计量思想的延伸,并就有关理论联系在数理上给出了相应的证明和推导.     

乘法形式适应性预期计量模型的构建与应用-以人民币汇率预期对外汇贷款影响的实证研究为例

 本文基于通货膨胀的适应性预期理论,通过引入乘法形式,对原加法形式下适应性预期的演进过程进行了从算术平均到几何平均的变换,在此基础上构建了一个可用于研究在相对水平下自变量的变动预期对因变量影响的对数计量模型,从而解决了原加法形式无法应用于对数计量模型的难题;且模型通过二次迭代保证了参数的恰好识别并提供了克服其内生性的有效方法。作为模型的应用,本文选取了2005年7月人民币汇率形成机制改革以来外汇贷款和人民币对美元汇率的月度数据,结合广义矩估计方法（GMM）实证揭示了这期间所人民币对美元汇率变化所具有的适应性预期特征及其对外汇贷款变动显著影响。     

具有随机缺失协变量的广义变系数模型

在协变量随机缺失时,文章利用加权拟似然方法给出了广义变系数模型中非参数函数系数的估计。由估计的渐近性质可知,当缺失概率未知时,本文提出的方法与缺失概率已知时的估计的渐近性质类似。通过模拟表明加权拟似然估计要比仅用完整个体的方法要好。     

Parameter Estimation for Hidden Markov Models with Intractable Likelihoods

Approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) is a popular technique for analysing data for complex models where the likelihood function is intractable. It involves using simulation from the model to approximate the likelihood, with this approximate likelihood then being used to construct an approximate posterior. In this paper, we consider methods that estimate the parameters by maximizing the approximate likelihood used in ABC. We give a theoretical analysis of the asymptotic properties of the resulting estimator. In particular, we derive results analogous to those of consistency and asymptotic normality for standard maximum likelihood estimation. We also discuss how sequential Monte Carlo methods provide a natural method for implementing our likelihood‐based ABC procedures.     

因子模型的一种结构突变检验及其统计性质研究

为了内生地识别动态因子模型因子载荷矩阵的结构突变（包括因子个数的变化）,本文利用主成分估计得伪因子序列构造累积平方和统计量检验因子载荷矩阵的结构突变性,进一步利用迭代累积平方和算法对多个结构突变点的位置进行探测。研究发现,本文提出的检验统计量对于因子个数误设具有稳健性;并且该检验具有良好的有限样本性质和渐近性;另外,实证分析发现,中国沪市A股市场制造业上市公司的对数收益率序列存在结构突变的共同因子。     

纵向部分线性变系数EV模型的估计

纵向数据是随着时间变化对个体进行重复观测而得到的一种相关性数据,广泛出现在诸多科学研究领域。在对个体进行观测时,测量误差不可避免,忽略测量误差往往会导致有偏估计。本文利用二次推断函数方法研究关于纵向数据的参数部分和非参数部分协变量均含有测量误差的部分线性变系数测量误差(errors-in-variables, EV)模型的估计问题。利用B样条逼近模型中的未知系数函数,构造关于回归参数和B样条系数的偏差修正的二次推断函数以处理个体内相关性和测量误差,得到回归参数和变系数的偏差修正的二次推断函数估计,然后证明了估计方法和结果的渐近性质。数值模拟和实例数据分析结果显示本文提出的方法具有一定的实用价值。     

ASYMPTOTIC DISTRIBUTIONS OF SEMIPARAMETRIC MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATORS WITH ESTIMATING EQUATIONS FOR GROUP-CENSORED DATA

Semiparametric maximum likelihood estimation with estimating equations (SMLE) is more flexible than traditional methods; it has fewer restrictions on distributions and regression models. The required information about distribution and regression structures is incorporated in estimating equations of the SMLE to improve the estimation quality of non‐parametric methods. The likelihood of SMLE for censored data involves complicated implicit functions without closed‐form expressions, and the first derivatives of the log‐profile‐likelihood cannot be expressed as summations of independent and identically distributed random variables; it is challenging to derive asymptotic properties of the SMLE for censored data. For group‐censored data, the paper shows that all the implicit functions are well defined and obtains the asymptotic distributions of the SMLE for model parameters and lifetime distributions. With several examples the paper compares the SMLE, the regular non‐parametric likelihood estimation method and the parametric MLEs in terms of their asymptotic efficiencies, and illustrates application of SMLE. Various asymptotic distributions of the likelihood ratio statistics are derived for testing the adequacy of estimating equations and a partial set of parameters equal to some known values.     

M-Estimation for partially functional linear regression model based on splines

ABSTRACT

M-estimation is a widely used technique for robust statistical inference. In this paper, we study robust partially functional linear regression model in which a scale response variable is explained by a function-valued variable and a finite number of real-valued variables. For the estimation of the regression parameters, which include the infinite dimensional function as well as the slope parameters for the real-valued variables, we use polynomial splines to approximate the slop parameter. The estimation procedure is easy to implement, and it is resistant to heavy-tailederrors or outliers in the response. The asymptotic properties of the proposed estimators are established. Finally, we assess the finite sample performance of the proposed method by Monte Carlo simulation studies.     

A simple method for the estimation of rational distributed lag models

In an earlier paper we suggested a method for the identification and estimation of linear transfer function models. The method was claimed to be especially suitable for polynomial transfer function models. In this paper we shall consider the case of rational transfer function models (distributed lag models) in more detail. A simple method for the estimation of the parameters of multiple input rational distributed lag models is suggested. The method is based on simple linear identities that the parameters always fulfill. The asymptotic distribution of the proposed estimator is derived. Two illustrative examples of the use of the new method are given.     

A note on optimal and robust spacing selection

The problem of quantile selection for the asymptotically best linear unbiased estimators of location and scale parameters is considered. The asymptotic properties of several quantile selection methods for simultaneous parameter estimation are derived and simple approximate solutions are provided. A robust scheme for quantile selection is also developed.     

Quantile regression estimation of partially linear additive models

In this paper, we consider the estimation of partially linear additive quantile regression models where the conditional quantile function comprises a linear parametric component and a nonparametric additive component. We propose a two-step estimation approach: in the first step, we approximate the conditional quantile function using a series estimation method. In the second step, the nonparametric additive component is recovered using either a local polynomial estimator or a weighted Nadaraya–Watson estimator. Both consistency and asymptotic normality of the proposed estimators are established. Particularly, we show that the first-stage estimator for the finite-dimensional parameters attains the semiparametric efficiency bound under homoskedasticity, and that the second-stage estimators for the nonparametric additive component have an oracle efficiency property. Monte Carlo experiments are conducted to assess the finite sample performance of the proposed estimators. An application to a real data set is also illustrated.     

On approximate least squares estimators of parameters of one-dimensional chirp signal

Chirp signals are quite common in many natural and man-made systems such as audio signals, sonar, and radar. Estimation of the unknown parameters of a signal is a fundamental problem in statistical signal processing. Recently, Kundu and Nandi [Parameter estimation of chirp signals in presence of stationary noise. Stat Sin. 2008;75:187–201] studied the asymptotic properties of least squares estimators (LSEs) of the unknown parameters of a simple chirp signal model under the assumption of stationary noise. In this paper, we propose periodogram-type estimators called the approximate least squares estimators (ALSEs) to estimate the unknown parameters and study the asymptotic properties of these estimators under the same error assumptions. It is observed that the ALSEs are strongly consistent and asymptotically equivalent to the LSEs. Similar to the periodogram estimators, these estimators can also be used as initial guesses to find the LSEs of the unknown parameters. We perform some numerical simulations to see the performance of the proposed estimators and compare them with the LSEs and the estimators proposed by Lahiri et al. [Efficient algorithm for estimating the parameters of two dimensional chirp signal. Sankhya B. 2013;75(1):65–89]. We have analysed two real data sets for illustrative purposes.     

Generalized Least Squares Estimation in Contingency Tables Analysis: Asymptotic Properties and Applications

Different sorts of bilinear models (models with bilinear interaction terms) are currently used when analyzing contingency tables: association models, correlation models... All these can be included in a general family of bilinear models: power models. In this framework, Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation is not always possible, as explained in an introductory example. Thus, Generalized Least Squares (GLS) estimation is sometimes needed in order to estimate parameters. A subclass of power models is then considered in this paper: separable reduced-rank (SRR) models. They allow an optimal choice of weights for GLS estimation and simplifications in asymptotic studies concerning GLS estimators. Power 2 models belong to the subclass of SRR models and the asymptotic properties of GLS estimators are established. Similar results are also established for association models which are not SRR models. However, these results are more difficult to prove. Finally, 2 examples are considered to illustrate our results.