CEO-TMT交界视角:CEO继任背景下CEO-TMT特征孤立性与企业创新强度的关系

在CEO继任背景下,新任CEO往往面对新职位以及新团队的挑战,其与现任高管成员的特征对比一定程度上能反映新任CEO与高管成员的磨合和融入过程,进而对新任CEO及高管团队(TMT)的创新战略选择产生影响.本研究基于CEO-TMT交界视角及团队断裂理论,构建出CEO-TMT特征孤立性这一新的反映CEO与TMT成员多维特征对比的关系人口学变量,并探索该变量在CEO继任背景下将如何对企业创新强度产生影响.通过对2012-2014年间657家A股上市公司的CEO继任样本进行分析,研究发现,CEO-TMT知识孤立性对企业创新强度具有促进作用;而CEO-TMT认同孤立性会弱化CEO-TMT知识孤立性对企业创新强度的正向作用;CEO-TMT地位孤立性将增强CEO-TMT知识孤立性对企业创新强度的正向作用;与此同时,竞争者继任背景下,CEO-TMT知识孤立性对企业创新强度具有最积极的影响.本文深化了对高管团队特征构成的理解,丰富了CEO继任背景下CEO与高管团队之间的交界对企业创新影响的研究.     

中国营销渠道中关系营销导向对企业关系型治理的影响

基于关系营销理论及渠道行为理论,以中国营销渠道中制造商与经销商之间的关系为研究对象,检验了制造商的关系营销导向(RMO)、企业间的私人关系状态和组织间关系之间的互动以及它们对关系型治理的影响.研究发现,在中国营销渠道中,①RMO的强弱对企业与其渠道伙伴共同制订计划没有影响,但会通过企业与其渠道伙伴的私人关系状态和组织间关系状态的中介作用对共同解决问题产生正向影响;②RMO对私人关系和组织间关系均存在显著正向影响,私人关系对RMO与组织间关系产生中介作用;③私人关系和组织间关系会对关系型渠道治理的共同解决问题有显著正向影响,私人关系对组织间关系与关系型治理机制有中介作用;④关系型治理无法抑制投机行为.     

高层管理团队风险偏好异质性对战略投资决策影响效应的实验研究

高层管理团队成员的不同风险偏好对企业战略投资决策过程和结果等影响的黑箱问题,是急需探明的实际管理课题.本文在总结已有高层管理团队特征研究的基础上,针对战略投资决策不确定性和高风险的特点,引入TMT风险偏好异质性作为自变量,利用MBA学员就具体投资方案选择问题开展了管理实验研究.结果发现,TMT的风险偏好异质性与成员的过程和结果满意度有负向的相关关系,与决策时间有正向的相关关系,与决策一致性具有正"U"型的相关关系等,为改善TMT投资决策提供了有益的参考依据.     

企业高层管理团队特征异质性对战略决策的影响——基于中国民营企业的实证研究

本文在对TMT相关研究综述的基础上,构建了TMT特征异质性对战略决策影响的基本模型.并通过民营企业的调查,运用相关分析和结构方程,检验前因变量对结果变量的直接的影响.结果表明,西方关于TMT的研究结论在中国民营企业里基本能得到验证,这为我们研究中国民营企业的高层管理团队提供了佐证材料.但本文也发现TMT成员的任期异质性对战略决策的准确性没有显著的影响,这与国外一些文献的研究正好相反.     

企业TMT决策冲突及其协调方案研究

针对现代企业高层管理团队(TMT)的组建与运行过程中经常发生各种冲突的问题,详细分析了TMT决策冲突产生的原因及其类型;引进决策权力系数,对偏好排序模型进行改进得出最优决策,并应用改进的偏好排序模型对整体战略决策冲突各方选择的不同方案进行系统分析,以协调TMT内部决策冲突的各方,使之达到状态平衡,从而化解TMT内部决策冲突.     

高层管理团队多样性与组织创新:外部社会网络与内部决策模式的作用

为进一步揭示高层管理团队(TMT)特征对组织创新产生的影响,引入并检验了TMT的外部网络联系和内部合作型决策这2个要素在TMT多样性与组织创新关系中的作用。研究结果表明,关注创新的组织过程的重要性,对TMT的相关研究具有重要的理论延伸,对于管理企业在复杂的环境中竞争和进行战略变革具有重要的借鉴意义。     

CEO如何促进高管团队的行为整合——基于结构化理论的解释

要有效应对复杂多变的环境,高管团队(TMT)作为知识、技能、信息、专长互补的决策单位成为企业的必然选择,但如何使TMT整合为一个共享、合作和集体决策的团队始终是理论界探讨的难题。本文以结构化理论为基础,采用多案例研究方法,从团队结构构建的视角研究CEO如何促进高管团队行为整合。本文通过对8个案例的配对研究发现,CEO可以从资源、规则两方面构建良好的团队结构促进TMT行为整合。建立团队规则的行为包括:引导TMT形成战略共识、激发TMT探索式学习意识、培育TMT成员间的信任氛围以及界定清晰的TMT岗位职责。分配团队资源的行为包括:授予TMT胜任者结构性权力、设计公平的"事业型"薪酬体系。     

企业高层管理团队决策效果影响因素研究

本文以决策过程作为对企业高层管理团队(TMT)运作过程研究的切入点,在对TMT各种来源的影响因素进行梳理的基础上,结合决策行为的特点构建出TMT决策效果影响因素模型。本文丰富了高层管理团队理论以及群体决策行为理论,为深入研究TMT与企业绩效间的内在机制提供理论基础和方法指导的同时确立了决策在它们之间的研究地位,为TMT与企业绩效之间的实践研究提供了一种新思路。     

构建高层管理团队社会网络的人力资源实践、战略柔性与企业绩效——环境不确定性的调节作用

本文首次将战略柔性作为一种典型的动态能力运用到战略人力资源管理的研究领域中,探索了其在构建高层管理团队(TMT)社会网络的人力资源实践与企业绩效关系中所扮演的中介作用,并且基于我国经济转型这一现实背景,采用环境不确定性作为该中介环节的调节变量予以进一步阐释.我们对上述问题进行了实证检验,通过对北京、天津、上海、江苏和浙江等地区390家企业的780名高管进行问卷调查,最终获得241个有效样本,研究发现:(1)构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践对企业绩效具有正向影响,并且战略柔性在其中发挥了完全中介的作用;(2)环境不确定性在构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践与战略柔性的关系中具有调节作用,但在战略柔性与企业绩效的关系中不具有调节作用.本文的研究结论表明,考虑战略柔性和环境不确定性这两个重要因素可以更好地解释构建TMT社会网络的人力资源实践对企业绩效的影响机制,这为战略人力资源管理在动态环境中的发展和应用提供了重要启示.     

TMT构成对组织产出影响的国外研究进展及对我国国企改革中高管团队构建的启示

从TMT构成研究的理论基础、TMT构成特征对组织产出的影响、TMT进程特征对组织产出的影响、结合情景因素的TMT构成研究等四个方面对高管团队(Top Management Team,TMT)构成的国外研究进展进行了回顾,指出了目前该领域研究存在的主要不足,以及现有研究成果对于结合中国情境的TMT研究和我国国企改革中高管团队构建实践的借鉴意义.     

Educational Landscapes and Urban Development. Contextual and Spatial Interfaces and Linkages

In the broad sociopolitical discussion on education quality within the last decade, it has become apparent that education is gaining importance for urban development, as well as space and the urban context are important dimensions of education. This becomes particularly evident in concepts for local educational landscapes (Ger. Bildungslandschaften). The young field of research on educational landscapes is currently lacking empirical research from spatial and planning sciences. In the paper, the current state of scientific research on educational landscapes in Germany and Europe and first insights to contextual and spatial interfaces and linkages between education and urban development in general are presented.     

Inventory Models with Continuous and Poisson Demands and Discounted and Average Costs

We develop a new, unified approach to treating continuous‐time stochastic inventory problems with both the average and discounted cost criteria. The approach involves the development of an adjusted discounted cycle cost formula, which has an appealing intuitive interpretation. We show for the first time that an (s, S) policy is optimal in the case of demand having a compound Poisson component as well as a constant rate component. Our demand structure simultaneously generalizes the classical EOQ model and the inventory models with Poisson demand, and we indicate the reasons why this task has been a difficult one. We do not require the surplus cost function to be convex or quasi‐convex as has been assumed in the literature. Finally, we show that the optimal s is unique, but we do not know if optimal S is unique.     

E-governance and Corruption-developments and Issues in Ethiopia

This paper reports the results of a survey of 400 respondents in Ethiopia about factors generating corruption and the potential of e-Governance to mitigate corruption. It is suggested that e-Governance can help not only in weeding out corruption but also in the establishment of sounder government citizen relationships in Ethiopia. While e-Governance cannot cure all the structural factors that breed corruption in the society, strategic implementation of e-Governance can help improve the critical variable in combating corruption-government citizen relationships. It is argued that while e-Governance initiatives can make important contributions to improving public services they can best do so by helping improve overall relationships between governments and citizens.

CEO and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance

This paper focuses on the relationship between Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Chairperson characteristics and firm performance. Specifically, the study examines the association between the characteristics of the CEO and the Chairperson of the board and firm performance. Using a sample of S&P 500 firms, the evidence found suggests that demographic and experience-related characteristics may be associated with the market valuation and financial performance of the firm. In particular, the reported results indicate a positive relationship between the presence of female CEOs or Chairs and firm performance, thus suggesting that gender-based differences may affect the CEO’s/Chairperson’s success. Moreover, the findings concerning the age of the CEO or Chair are mixed, while their experience and quality appear positively related to firm performance. Interestingly, a CEO or Chairperson holding multiple board seats is negatively associated with firm performance, whereas CEO duality has a positive relationship with Tobin’s Q and the return on assets (ROA) of the firm.     

David and Goliath: causes and effects of coopetition between start-ups and corporates

Coopetition (collaboration between competitors) among young firms (i.e. start-ups) and larger, more established firms (i.e. corporates) may be beneficial for both partners as each party typically has something to offer that is missing in the other. Start-ups often develop innovative ideas, are flexible and agile, willing to take risks, and aspire to achieve high growth, but they tend to lack the required resources, capabilities, and knowledge due to their newness and smallness. Corporates have resources, routines, and experience that enable them to work efficiently but lack a certain innovation capability. Research has suggested that coopetition represents an opportunity for start-ups facing restrictions in resources, while corporates benefit from start-ups’ innovative ideas. However, it is yet unknown whether start-ups and corporates engage in coopetition with each other and, if so, how and why they do this. This study seeks to fill this void by exploring the motives of coopeting start-ups and corporates, how they manage their coopetitive relationship, and what implications occur including potential benefits and risks. We present a multiple case study based on qualitative data collected through 70 interviews with Austrian-based start-ups and corporates representing 35 coopetitive partnerships. Discussing the findings based on our data, we propose relationships concerning coopetition and its role to enlarge resource- and technology-bases as well as its role in the development of dynamic capabilities.     

Career orientations and career success among research,and development and engineering professionals

Managing the careers of research, development and engineering (RD&E) professionals is important to the strategic use of RD&E in the economy. Appropriate mechanisms for motivating RD&E professionals will probably emerge as a critical success factor for organizations that want to compete in world markets. This study examines dimensions and levels of career orientation and their correlations with individual and work-related outcome variables among 78 RD&E professionals. The findings reveal a rich diversity of career orientation in RD&E professionals. The data strongly suggest that RD&E professionals are service, lifestyle and security oriented. However, they scored low on technical orientation and entrepreneurship. This paper suggests that the dual career ladder is not an effective device for managing RD&E professionals. Organizations must be careful to provide career paths that retain and motivate workers and, more importantly, find matches between organizational needs and individuals' needs, and restructure jobs accordingly. The authors offer suggestions for future research and identify implications for management.     

Modeling Pathology Workload and Complexity to Manage Risks and Improve Patient Quality and Safety

Anatomic pathology (AP) laboratories provide critical diagnostic information that help determine patient treatments and outcomes, but the risks of AP operations and their impact on patient safety and quality of care remain poorly recognized and undermanaged. Hospital-based laboratories face an operational and risk management challenge because clinical work of unknown quantity and complexity arrives with little advance notice, which results in fluctuations in workload that can push operations beyond planned capacity, leading to diagnostic delays and potential errors. Modeling the dynamics of workload and complexity in AP offers the opportunity to better use available information to manage risks. We developed a stock-and-flow model of a typical AP laboratory operation and identified key exogenous inputs that drive AP work. To test the model, we generated training and validations data sets by combining data from the electronic medical records and laboratory information systems over multiple years. We demonstrate the implementation of 10-day AP work forecast generated on a daily basis, and show its performance in comparison with actual work. Although the model somewhat underpredicts work as currently implemented, it provides a framework for prospective management of resources to ensure quality during workload surges. Although full implementation requires additional model development, we show that AP workload largely depends on few and accessible clinical inputs. Recognizing that level loading of work in a hospital is not practical, predictive modeling of work can empower laboratories to triage, schedule, or mobilize resources more effectively and better manage risks that reduce the quality or timeliness of diagnostic information.     

Work and shopping overflow — Consequences and differentiation among selected psychological and demographic characteristics

Contemporary individuals are forced to deal with excessive stimulation, which causes an overload in the cognitive and emotional areas. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the possible factors differentiating the perceived level of work and shopping overflow experienced by individuals and consequences of these states. Two psychological variables: cognitive control and sensation seeking, are chosen as potential factors differentiating the perceived levels of overflow. We assume that individuals with high cognitive control and sensation seeking will report lower levels of both types of examined overflows. Experiencing low overflow levels may manifest in the search for additional stimuli, rather than in the desire to limit them. Two indexes of behavior connected to seeking extra stimulation are selected: one belonging to the area of consumer behavior (readiness to participate in the experience economy) and one belonging to vocational behavior (choosing a boundaryless career). The quantitative study is conducted on a sample of 297 management students who are currently employed. The research results support the relation between cognitive control and perceived level of work and shopping overflow. Individuals who can cognitively control the situation and the incoming stimuli report lower levels of overflow. No significant relationship between sensation seeking and the level of overflow is found. The demographic variables that influence the perceived overflow are age and salary for work overflow and age for shopping overflow. As far as consequences of overflow are concerned, a low level of shopping overflow is related to readiness to participate in the experience economy. However, there is no link between work overflow and preferred career pattern. The managerial implications for human resource management and marketing strategy design are discussed.     

Review and reappraisal of modelling and predicting mental workload in single- and multi-task environments

The concept of mental workload has long been recognized as an important factor in individual performance within complex systems. It is documented that either overload or underload may degrade performance, and further affect the efficiency of the whole system. Therefore, systems designers need some explicit models to predict the mental workload imposed on individuals by the system at an early design phase so that alternative system designs can be evaluated. In examining mental-workload literature, it is found that few predictive mental-workload models have considered factors specific to individuals. This research aims to develop a practical framework for predicting mental workload in both single- and multi-task environments considering such individual factors. In order to describe mental workload more precisely and more completely, a framework for mentalworkload definitions, which contains instantaneous workload, average workload, accumulated workload, peak workload and overall workload, is proposed. In order to model individual factors, two new variables, i.e. effective workload and ineffective workload, are introduced to model the taskgenerated workload and individual-generated workload. The extension of the model to multi-task environments is also discussed. The proposed conceptual models are domain-independent and could be used to guide the development of operational models for different specific tasks.