名词活用为动词识别刍议

名词活用为动词识别刍议张忠达在古汉语里，名词在一定的语言环境中往往活用为动词。如何识别一个名词是否活用为动词呢？总的思路是：当名词一旦进入动词谓语语言环境时，那这个名词就活用为动词。也就是说当名词在具体语句中，如果按名词本身的含义无法通过，就应该考虑...     

形容词、名词转类及其标志词性问题

本文初稿曾蒙张斌教授指正。也听取过陆丙甫同志意见,谨此一并致谢。 跟《现代汉语八百词》(吕叔湘主编)相比。《现代汉语词典》在一词多类的词性标志方面相对来说要含糊多了。多数并未标明一个多类词所具有的几种词性。动词、名词方面存在着这个问题,形容词、名词方面也存在这个问题。本文试就形容词、名词两性词问题作些探讨。 (一)形容词向名词的转化 一、形容词转化成名词的界限。 形容词向名词转化的语言事实确实存在着。吕叔湘先生曾说过:“名词这个类里边最困难的问题还是怎样区别哪些动词巳经转变成名词(兼属两类),哪些动词只是可以…     

英语和汉语时与体范畴的对比研究

从语言形态学角度论证英语是分析、综合性参半的语言,汉语是分析型为主的语言.英语动词时态是以动词形式变化来表示句子中谈到的动作、状态的时间关系和说话的时间.汉语动词时态是通过单独或组合词汇来表示句子中动作的发生和状态持续的时间.从两种语言的时态研究入手,分析和比较各自的特点,有利于更为准确地描写英汉两种语言的语法现象和范畴.     

"X+法"式动词浅探

在现代汉语里,语素"法"通常只作为构词成分出现,由"法"与其他语素结合构成的名词数量很大,其中的"法"作为名词后缀的地位是确定的.值得注意的是,"法"还可以作为动词后缀出现,由它参与构成的动词也不在少数.这类"X+法"式动词在形式上与"X+法"式名词毫无二致,但在句子中的区别是明显的.我们可以根据"X+法"式词在句中体现的语法特点,很容易地把"X+法"式动词与"X+法"式名词区分开来.     

“Vての”名词修饰节的意义关系的考察

在日语中，“真相を知っての驚き”“安全を考えての決議”“交友関係に悩んでの自殺”“カードを使っての遊び”等的动词的连用形“て”后附加“の”名词修饰节的语法现象。本文将动词的连用形“て”后附加“の”的语法构造称作“‘Vての’名词修饰节”，主要围绕以下几个问题点展开讨论：1、“Vての”名词修饰节具有什么样的意义2、“Vての”名词修饰节成立的制约条件是什么3。     

古汉语名状句语义结构分析

古汉语名状句是一种语义关系复杂多样的句子。我们借助《史记索引》、《汉书索引》对《史记》、《汉书》中名词做状语的情况进行了比较详细的考察 ,在此基础上来描写名状句的语义结构类型和名词状语的语义类型。通过分析我们看到 ,名状句中的主语名词与谓语动词之间 ,状语与主语名词、宾语名词及动词之间语义关系是多重的、多层的 ,而且状语的类型取决于动词的选择条件。     

古汉语词类活用浅议

在古代汉语里,词类活用是一种特殊用法,也是一种常见的语言现象。所以学习古代汉语,必须重视词类活用的问题。什么叫词类活用呢?郭锡良同志主编的《古代汉语》:“汉语词类划分,在上古就奠定了基础。实词可以分成名词、动词、形容词、数词等类。某个词属于某一词类,比较固定,各词类在句子中充当什么成分也有一定的分工。比如名词经常作主语、宾语、定语,动词经常用作谓语……。但是在古代汉语里,某些诃可以按照一定语言习惯灵活运用,在句子中临时改变它的基本功能。例如《荀子·劝学》:‘假舟辑者,非能水也,而绝江河’。句中的‘水’本是个名词,这里临时充当动词作谓语。……这就叫词类活用。”为了更全面更深刻理解词类活用的定义。要注意词类活用和词的本用的区别;词类活用和一词多义的区     

英、汉名词的对比研究

虽然英语和汉语在名词的基本概念上是一致的,但如果对它们名词的功能及用法进行对比分析,可以发现英、汉名词之间存在着许多的差异,尤其是它们各自的语法特征,常会影响我们的英语学习和教学,在交际活动中遇到麻烦。本文用对比语言学的研究方法对英,汉语言的名词进行了对比研究,分析两种语言名词的异同,为英语学习及教学提供可借鉴的捷径,提高英语教学水平。     

谈谈英语中的替代

替代是英语中一种常见的语法现象。使用替代可以避免不必要的重复，使语言更加简练、流畅，使文章言简意明。本文对英语中的三种主要替代：名词性替代、动词性替代、分句型替代进行了研究和探讨，并对替代中应注意的问题作了重点说明。     

英语状语与外语的递差分析

英语状语与外语的递差分析刘育桂本文拟用递差分析方法分析“不及物动词十形容词或名词短语性补足成分“句型中补足成分的句法功能，以说明状语和补语间的中间项目。一、递差（Ｇｒａｄｉｅｎｃｅ）语法在某种程度上是一个模糊的体系。在适当的地方可以通过递差的研究来探...     

论会计信息失真及其治理

会计信息失真 ,是目前经济活动中存在的较普遍现象。本文分别从主观、客观两方面分析了造成会计信息失真的主要原因 ,并提出了有针对性的防范措施。     

论李白现象的当代化

以李白为中心所生发的李白现象,已演化成为历代对李白诗歌的习得与传播,对其传说的演绎与生发的文化现象。李白现象具有共时与历时相交融、生发形态多样化的特点。李白现象在当代的形成有其历史的、文化的基础。李白现象当代化须将李白从单纯的文学领域脱解出来,关注李白诗歌的接收群体,使受众在李白现象的接受中提升,在接受中发展。应当多主体地进行李白及李白诗歌的传播,既可以官方举行,也可在民间传播。既可搞多群体的竞技,也可以个体方式进行。     

试谈黑龙江方言中的一种音变现象--脱落

黑龙江方言中的脱落现象主要包括两种情况 :一是音素的脱落 ,一是音节的脱落。本文重点描写这两种脱落的种种表现 ,同时揭示造成脱落的因素 ,还讨论了脱落同合音的关系以及脱落对书写形式的影响等问题。指出 :音节的弱化 (轻声 )导致脱落的现象是最常见的。此外 ,语速的快慢对于是否造成脱落以及脱落的具体形式有决定性的作用     

Preference reversals: Time and again

This paper sheds new light on the preference reversal phenomenon by analyzing decision times in the choice task. In a first experiment, we replicated the standard reversal pattern and found that choices associated with reversals take significantly longer than non-reversals, and non-reversal choices take longer whenever long-shot lotteries are selected. These results can be explained by a combination of noisy lottery evaluations (imprecise preferences) and an overpricing phenomenon associated with the compatibility hypothesis. The first cause explains the existence of reversals, while the second explains the predominance of a particular type thereof. A second experiment showed that the overpricing phenomenon can be shut down, greatly reducing reversals, by using ranking-based, ordinally-framed evaluation tasks. This experiment also disentangled the two determinants of reversals, because imprecise evaluations still deliver testable predictions on decision times even in the absence of the overpricing phenomenon. Strikingly, when unframed ranking tasks were used, decision times in the choice phase were greatly reduced, even though this phase was identical across treatments. This observation is consistent with psychological insights on conflicting decision processes.     

道德冷漠感剖析

"道德冷漠感"一词在现今的社会中正为人们所知,它是社会道德的一种消极现象,是人们道德感的麻木和冷漠,也是人们的道德行为畸形发展的一种状态。道德冷漠感产生的原因在于文化、社会制度及个体等诸多层面。面对这样一种消极现象,应从个人、政府和社会三个层面进行矫治。     

Social Acceleration Theory and the Self

In recent years, there has been a rapidly growing body of work in the social sciences that underscores the prevalence of the phenomenon of ‘social acceleration'—the speeding up of social life— in many parts of the Western world. Although research on social acceleration has tended to analyze the phenomenon on a social‐structural level, there is also a need to investigate how social acceleration has ‘ramifications for the socially dominant forms of self‐relation’. One way to gain a more in‐depth understanding of this facet of social acceleration is to investigate the speeding up of social life through the prism of the self. The central argument of this article is that there are at least five images of the self which can be associated with the social acceleration phenomenon: (1) the ‘detached’ self, (2) the ‘reflexive’ self, (3) the ‘reinventive’ self, (4) the ‘stationary’ self and (5) the ‘decelerating’ self. By explaining how these kinds of self relate to the speeding up process, we seek to advance a more nuanced and sophisticated theory of social acceleration, which captures some of the complexities and paradoxes that the phenomenon involves.     

Accelerating the translation of research into practice in long term services and supports: a critical need for federal infrastructure at the nexus of aging and disability

The nexus of aging and disability, characterized by the phenomenon of aging with a disability, will become more visible as the population ages and the number of people with disabilities surviving to midlife increases. This article addresses 3 interrelated issues critical to the fields of aging and disability: increasing demand for community-based long-term services and supports, a paucity of evidence-based programs demonstrating effectiveness in facilitating independence for those aging with a disability, and lack of a federal infrastructure to support coordinated investments in research-to-practice for this population. Suggestions for federal interagency collaborations are given, along with roles for key stakeholders.     

计量法学基本问题四论

计量法学是指通过收集大样本数据,对具有数量变化关系的法律现象进行运用定量研究的交叉学科。它是一门独立的学科,其研究对象是具有数量变化关系的法律现象,研究方法是实证方法和计量方法。本文认为,计量法学既是对当前法学研究方法的一次创新,使得中国法学向精细化方向发展,也是中国法学的国际化接轨的途径之一。其实践价值体现在计量法学自身确定的客观标准,可以作为社会控制和监督的工具。     

Entry into Residential Care

Summary This paper examines the interaction between the organizationalstructure of social services departments and procedures foradmission into residential care. By drawing on research experiencea 'placements table' is proposed which contains the key operationaldecisionstaken by the department when the client becomes a resident.It is argued that, in accordance with the structure of the department,it is possible to suggest appropriate staff to make each keydecision in order that departmental criteria for admissionsmay be met.     

Regional Economic Centers and Social Life of Russia

Economic analyses rarely consider the importance of the high concentration of Russia's economic and social potential in the hundred so-called regional capitals (administrative centers of constituents of the Federation) and other large cities. This phenomenon, which strongly influences the course of economic, social and even political processes in Russia, is unparalleled in developed countries. It is very important to assess the causes, scale, and consequences of this phenomenon against the overall background of reforms that have occurred in the country's economy in the past fifteen years.