20世纪30年代“中医科学化”思潮论析

20世纪30年代,中医界为应对来自西医的竞争,摆脱因所谓"不合于科学"而倍受歧视的命运,提出了"中医科学化"的主张,试图毁弃中医传统理论而代之以西医理论,造就一种"新医学"。"中医科学化"的实质乃是中医的西医化,而其逻辑发展的结果也必将是中医学的消亡。它不仅仅是一个医学文化现象,更是一个"中国知识"在科学权威下屈服于西方价值的历史缩影。     

中国茶的起源学说研究

中国的茶文化,历史悠久。茶文化在世界范围内源远流长,影响深远。当今社会,中国茶文化没有随着国家的经济建设而发展、强大。中国曾经有过影响过世界的文化,如丝绸、陶瓷、中医药、茶文化等,现在随着工业化进程的发展,原有的古典文化慢慢的被稀释、蚕食。本文从茶文化史的角度出发,以茶的起源为中心学说进行研究,并提出我们更应该再深入学习曾经引以为自豪的中国文化。茶文化没有过时,并且永远不会过时,永远都是中国的一部分,组成中国梦的一部分。     

Class locations,consumption locations,and the geography of voting in England

Much ecological analysis of voting patterns in England has been concerned to show (a) the importance of occupational class as a determinant of electoral behavior, and (b) that deviations from a predicted pattern based on class variables are consistent with the neighborhood effect hypothesis. Recently, Dunleavy has criticized both these orientations, replacing them with the concept of consumption locations. The present paper shows, using a new procedure to estimate voting at the constituency level, that there still remain spatial variations to be accounted for.     

Perceived lack of control over life events: Antecedents and consequences in a discharged patient sample

This paper examines perceptions of control over the occurrence of life events among a group of psychiatric patients interviewed at two points in time. First, perceived lack of control is treated as an independent variable affecting psychiatric symptomatology. Results show that, controlling for baseline symptomatology, perceived lack of control is significantly associated with demoralization but random with respect to delusions-hallucinations. Second, when perceived control is treated as a dependent variable results show that variation in how life events are perceived is more a function of the events that occur than of the personal dispositions of individuals. These results are compared with recently reported data from the general population.     

凝视生命，凝练对词语的激情

怀藏对词语的激情,穿越厚重的文化空间,渴望用修辞手段来支配词语的命运,从而以“灾异”的风格描摹词语的魅力,这应该是刘恪的《词语诗学》的抱负之所在,同时这也就完成了当代诗学的一次大胆的创化。搜罗集体记忆的碎片,通过编织文本的艺术来呈现人类文化历史的残像余蕴,实现宏大的历史与微渺的体验之间的沟通,《词语诗学》体现了全球时代中国诗学的一种可能走向。     

一篇文章与一个学院:上海震旦大学医学院的建立

本文通过分析收藏于巴黎耶稣会档案馆有关上海震旦大学医学院的资料,阐述了震旦医学院成立的历史背景,论证了法国政府在一战后试图通过支持和扶植海外的耶稣会学校,以达到与德国的海外事业竞争,进而扩大法国在远东的文化和教育影响的目的。     

江西寻乌地区蜻蜓调查初报

1996－1007年在江西省寻乌山区捕获蜻蜒26种，分隶6科、20属。其中20种是江西省新记录。     

Resources,homophily, and dependence: Organizational attributes and asymmetric ties in human service networks

This paper examines the effects of organizational attributes on power/dependence relations in interorganizational dyads. Exchange and homophily theories are discussed as two alternative perspectives on the processes that give rise to such effects. The data pertain to interagency ties in three community-based networks of youth service agencies and are analyzed via a new strategy of linear modeling dyadic relations. The results of the analysis suggest that size, administrative position, and justice system connections condition the extent to which an agency initiates and receives ties of influence, assistance, and support. Moreover, these relations are more frequent between agencies with similar treatment ideologies and client racial makeup. Finally, size and justice system access are found to reduce agency dependence on a network's administrative core. In the course of the discussion, a number of related issues and findings are discussed.     

A dynamic macro social indicator model of changes in marriage, family, and population in the United States: 1947–1974

This paper presents an integrated 21-equation model of how marriage, family, and population conditions, as indexed by macro social indicators, affect each other and are affected by other social, demographic, and economic forces. An opportunity structures theoretical paradigm is applied to the specification of dynamic structural equations for determining changes (both trends and cyclical fluctuations) in marriage formation and dissolution, family and household composition, fertility, mortality, population growth, and population distribution. The equations are estimated on annual national data for the United States during the post-World War II years 1947 to 1972, and then they are used to make conditional forecasts of the values of some of the endogenous variables for 1973 and 1974. It is found that the equations fit the observed data well, lack demonstrable autocorrelation of disturbances, and forecast the 1973 and 1974 values usually with less than 2% error. Strategies are sketched for further refining some of the equations, and it is suggested that this model should be integrated into a larger societal model in order to estimate some of the effects of changes in demographic phenomena on other social conditions.     

体育教学设计研究的回顾、反思与展望

文章通过文献资料、理性分析对体育教学设计研究的总体情况进行回顾,在反思其研究的得与失的基础上,对体育教学设计研究的未来发展趋势作出展望。     

Cohorts,education, and the evolution of tolerance

Normative and social structural explanations for changes in tolerance are tested using racial attitude items from 11 surveys between 1958 and 1978. Over the 20 years, while there were changes in the overall levels of racial tolerance, there were also changes in the upper and lower ends of a tolerance spectrum which differentially depended on cohort and educational effects. Regardless of the position in the tolerance spectrum, most of the change in racial attitudes resulted from across-the-board changes in all cohort and educational groups. The most racially conservative end of the spectrum was slightly eroded by increased educational attainment in the population, while the most racially liberal position was somewhat advanced by cohort replacement. In the final analysis, the normative perspective demonstrated the greater potential for applications to other, more complex, configurations of tolerance.     

Pleas,priors, and prison: Racial/ethnic differences in sentencing

Final case disposition and sentencing decisions for whites, blacks, and Chicanos are modeled with event-history data from the State of California. Dynamic analyses are used to link processing models and theories. The three-way interaction of (1) pleading guilty × (2) racial/ethnic group membership × (3) the extent of prior court experience on rates of moving through the legal system is assessed, controlling for other legitimate and nonlegitimate influences. In a jurisdiction handling large numbers of defendants representing diverse racial/ethnic and cultural groups under determinate sentencing, the timing of legal processing is shown to be critical. Results demonstrate that pleading guilty increases the speed of processing most when sentences do not involve incarceration, though this effect is not found for second or later arrests of Chicanos. Generally, theories of resource mobilization receive greater support than cultural stereotyping.     

和而不同：编辑文化选择的一种范式

21世纪是多元文化并存的世纪,文化的交往和汇流难免发生碰撞和冲突。因此,编辑主体对文化的选择应自觉运用"和而不同"的思想和方法,在符合社会发展需要的前提下,承认各种文化的价值存在及存在的必要性和合理性,促使各种文化在对立和冲突中相互交流、融合,最终达到整体性和谐。     

元代医法初探

元太宗十三年(1241),窝阔台正式下令设立太医院,作为全国最高的医药管理机构,自此有了医药管理制度,其中包括与医药相关的法律条例,我们称之为"医法"。由于制度的不完善,元代没有形成独立的医法机构,在医法上也一直存在边实行边补充、调整的现象。但不管怎样,它是元代法律系统的一个环节,也是元代医史研究中一个必不可少的内容。     

社会科学的三次“科学化”浪潮:从实证研究、社会技术到循证实践

成熟的自然科学取得了巨大成功,在研究与实践方面,均成为各门社会科学争相效仿的范式。社会科学的"科学化"进程分为三个阶段:运用实证研究方法,实现基础研究领域的"科学化";形成社会技术,实现应用研究领域的"科学化";推进循证实践,实现实践领域的"科学化"。以循证心理治疗、循证教育学为例,社会科学的第三次"科学化"浪潮当前尚处于萌芽状态,社会科学实践领域如何实现"科学化"还需明确具体思路与方法。     

论花之安的教育观和宗教文化观

德国传教士花之安是鸦片战争后来华的著名汉学家。他撰写的大量汉学著述,体现了鲜明的教育观和宗教文化观。其汉学著述体现出精湛的学术功底与严谨的治学风范,对于促进中西文化交流,推动中国教育走向近代化起到了重要作用。     

Scaling the prestige,authority, and income potential of college curricula

This paper develops the concept of “targeted education,” a theoretical ranking of college curricula, into a multidimensional framework. The new scales, based on the traditional stratification dimensions, prestige, authority, and income, are then used in a study of sex differences in the process of occupational achievement among men and women with college degrees. The targeted education scales predict occupational prestige and wages 7 years after the college degree, and they point out interesting differences between male and female attainment processes. In general, targeted education has a greater quantitative impact for men's occupational outcomes than for women's prestige and income, but results also suggest significant qualitative differences between men and women. A large proportion of women target their education toward, and end up in, an under-employed labor pool for the primary and secondary school system.     

Size and duration of empires growth-decline curves, 3000 to 600 b.c.

Area changes of about 30 best known empires and states are compiled and tabulated. Superimposed and juxtaposed graphs (size versus time) help to visualize the relative size and location in time of these empires. Size-time integral, maximum stable size, adulthood date, and duration are defined operationally and are listed for 20 empires. A criterion is given for distinctness of successive empires. The size-time integral is a direct measure of an empire's impact on history insofar as that impact depends on sheer size and duration. The integral is largest for the Chinese Hsia-Shang, Egyptian New, Old, and Middle, Assyrian New, and Hittite empires. A world-wide territorial concentration index is tabulated. It increases during the period considered from 0.08 to 1.4% of the world dry land area.