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1.
I review studies of national elections from 13OECD countries over 30 years to examine theeffect of declining or increasing Quality ofLife (QOL) on citizens' voting behavior. Theresults are consistent with the theory thatcitizens hold the incumbent party responsiblefor increases or decreases in QOL during theirterm in office, and vote against an incumbentparty that fails to deliver improved QOL. Studies show that this ``responsibilityhypothesis'' holds not only for economicvariables such as GDP/capita, but for murderrates, violent crime rates, nutrition, andinequality. The platform and qualification ofcandidates also has an effect on voting, butthe macro-variables composing QOL occur priorto and act to shape the platform and strategyof candidates. These results hold importantimplications for constructing indexes of QOL,because researchers can use national votingbehavior to recover the weights that voters usein combining domains of QOL. By using theseweights from the `representative voter',researchers can create a unified index of QOLfor social reports. 相似文献
2.
This paper studies the effects of several Quality ofLife (QOL) indicators on the outcomes of nationalelections. We test the hypothesis that declines innational QOL will have a negative effect on the votingsupport for the governing party in the next election. For each election since 1960 in thirteen countries, weuse objective measures of QOL for the previous year toestimate the voting function by using astate-of-the-art technique called Sliced InverseRegression (Li, 1991). These objective measuresinclude GDP per capita, food availability, inflation,crime rates, divorce rate, and percent of females inthe labor force, among others. The estimated votingfunction is the best predictor of voters' behavior asa function of the changes in QOL.The results show that changes in economic variablesand food availability significantly affect electionoutcomes. In addition, changes in crime rates werefound to be nearly as important as economic variablesin influencing the election outcomes. This marks thefirst time that a non-economic indicator has beenshown to affect elections. In contrast, measures ofsatisfaction with family life, such as divorce, infantmortality, and percent females in the workforce, showno effect on voting behavior, probably because votersdo not hold their governments responsible for familyaffairs. 相似文献
3.
In recent years, the interest grew in research on measuring the “quality of life” (QOL) in cities. This interest comes from
the success QOL measurement achieved in understanding communities’ needs, tracking changes in different aspects of life and
assessing the most desired types of future development among citizens. This research highlights the importance of measuring
QOL in Jordan. It examines the opportunity and applicability of carrying out QOL measurement studies in Amman, the capital
city. It outlines different scopes, visions and approaches that can be used to study and measure QOL and the most suitable
mechanism that can work firmly. A professional top–bottom approach was used for that. Thirty-three experts with different
backgrounds were interviewed in order to determine the appropriate scopes and visions for studying QOL, define the most significant
aspects affecting QOL in Amman, and define the appropriate domains to be studied. Results were analyzed, limitations were
defined and the final set of representative domains was stated. Domains were ranked according to their relevance and the important
-underneath- aspects were defined in the form of models, each representing a certain domain. The paper attempts by the end
to set the stage for setting up criteria for measuring QOL in Amman and to open the way for future QOL research to take place
in Jordan. 相似文献
4.
Laura E. Gómez Miguel Ángel Verdugo Benito Arias Víctor Arias 《Social indicators research》2011,101(1):109-126
There is considerable debate in the area of individual quality of life research regarding the factor structure of the QOL
construct that is focused on the number and composition of QOL factors and domains, and its hierarchical nature. The main
goal of this study involve testing by means of confirmatory factor analyses five models that have been pointed out by recent
scientific literature: firstly, an unidimensional model; secondly, a QOL model that consisted of eight inter-correlated domains
proposed by Schalock and Verdugo (2002); thirdly, a model composed of these eight 1st-order factors and one 2nd- order factor; the forth and five are model with
the eight 1st-order factors and three 2nd-order factor that has been denominated in other studies ‘Salamanca model’ and ‘Schalock
model’. Data were collected from 3.029 social service recipients from Catalonia (Spain) who completed the GENCAT Scale, an
objective QOL questionnaire. The best fit of the eight inter-correlated and 1st order domains was empirically demonstrated.
Implications for future research are also discussed. 相似文献
5.
Antoinette Louw 《Social indicators research》2007,81(2):235-255
Crime has become central to any discussion about the consolidation of democracy in South Africa. Concerns about crime intensified in the years after 1994, as the country attempted to grapple with the apparent ‘crime wave’ that accompanied the transition. A decade later crime is still a priority for government and a concern among citizens, but the clamour that characterised both state and civil society responses in the early years of democracy has receded (See the article by the author in Social Indicators Research 41: 137–168, 1997). This may relate to the decrease in crime levels as reflected by various statistical sources. It is also possible that those whose voices were heard most loudly on the issue – the middle classes – have taken all available measures to protect their property and lives from crime. In all likelihood, South Africans have become accustomed to living in a violent society, and one in which other equally serious problems now require attention. Although the national obsession with crime has waned, the available data nevertheless indicate that the problem still affects many thousands of lives. The impact of crime – in terms of the costs of victimisation, negative perceptions and fear, and the cost of responding to crime – remains high for South African society. This paper considers how crime levels and perceptions about crime and safety have changed over the past decade, and what these trends tell us about the country 10 years into our democracy. 相似文献
6.
Li Liu 《Social indicators research》2006,75(2):217-240
This study explores the meaning of quality of life (QOL) in China from the perspective of social representations. The data
were collected by open-ended individual interviews with 16 ordinary Chinese people. The study shows that social thinking about
QOL in Chinese society is activated in five critical domains of life: health, family, work, social relations and the natural
environment. Meanwhile, “having” and “being”, the two antinomic, yet dialogical interdependent, interpretive repertoires,
have an overarching generative and normative power over the discourse about QOL. They permeate and underpin the different
domains of life. Dominated by an “economic logic”, the “having” repertoire constructs these life domains through a set of
economic consequences and posits them as resources leading to material possessions. While dominated by an “existential logic”,
the “being” repertoire confesses existential meanings to the same life domains, and emphasises the joy derived from them.
Thereby, it infers that QOL as a social representation is generated from, and organised around, a central thema of “having”
and “being”. 相似文献
7.
How a minority group's demographic presence in a district translates into a presence among the voters in that district is a matter of growing importance to political scientists and courts. This paper examines technical problems in measuring the concentration of Hispanic voting strength among the eligible voters in an election district. We document and analyze several limitations with existing demographic data in localities where a minority has a distinctive citizenship, ethnic, and age makeup. Our findings show how different measurement techniques may distort or clarify one's view of local Hispanic voting strength. County-wide measures of age and citizenship have a generic limitation: using such measures to infer the character of particular county sub-areas may falsely inflate the apparent voting strength of Hispanics. Other specific limitations relate to (1) the use of voting-age population (or self-reported voting-age citizens) in gauging the actual concentration of Hispanic registrants in an area and (2) the definition of Hispanic itself. 相似文献
8.
Previous research has shown that materialism relates negatively to satisfaction with many life domains. The present study
broadens this body of research by examining the relationship between three dimensions of materialism and eight quality of
life (QOL) domains in a large, diverse sample of U.S. respondents. Two hypotheses were tested: First, overall measures of
materialism and satisfaction with QOL were thought to be inversely related. Second, the three dimensions of materialism and
QOL domains were hypothesized to be negatively correlated. Results show that overall materialism and its happiness dimension
were consistently negatively related to all eight measures of QOL. Materialism’s centrality and success dimensions were negatively
correlated with seven and six of the eight QOL domains, respectively. Findings are discussed in light of Humanistic and Organismic
theories, and other implications are considered. 相似文献
9.
Importance has been Considered in Satisfaction Evaluation: an Experimental Examination of Locke’s Range-of-affect Hypothesis 总被引:2,自引:4,他引:2
Importance weighting is a common practice in quality of life (QOL) measurement research. Based on the widespread idea that
important domains should make a greater contribution to individuals’ QOL total score, the weighting procedure of multiplying
item satisfaction by an item’s importance has been adopted in many QOL instruments. Locke’s [1969, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance
4, 309–336; 1976, Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology. Rand McNally, Chicago, pp. 1297–1343] range-of-affect hypothesis indicated that a satisfaction evaluation is determined
by the have-want discrepancy, importance, and the interaction of the have-want discrepancy and importance, implying that a
satisfaction evaluation incorporates the judgment of importance and weighting the satisfaction score with the importance score
is unnecessary. The purpose of the current study was to address the issue of importance weighting by examining Locke’s range-of-affect
hypothesis in the context of QOL research. A within-subject experiment was conducted to see if, given a varying amount of
discrepancy, participants would reveal whether or not satisfaction/dissatisfaction is related to the dimension of importance
placed on the object. Forty undergraduate students at National Taiwan University participated in the current study. Results
revealed that the association between have-want discrepancy and object satisfaction is stronger on the high important dimension
than the less important dimension. Generally, the results were consistent with Locke’s range-of-affect hypothesis, revealing
that a satisfaction evaluation has incorporated the judgment of item importance, suggesting that the procedure of importance
weighting is unnecessary.
This paper was a part of the first author’s Master’s Thesis. 相似文献
10.
Ying-Keung Kwan 《Social indicators research》2008,86(1):59-67
Relationships between family structure and perceived life satisfaction in overall life and five domains of the Brief Multidimensional
Students’ Life Satisfaction Scale, family life, friendships, school experience, myself, and where I live were examined among
4,502 Chinese adolescent secondary school students in Hong Kong. Bivariate analyses showed that economic status was not a
significant risk factor, but gender, level of study, and migrant status had to be controlled to examine the life satisfaction-family
structure relations. Logistic regression analyses found that in overall life, with adolescents living with two parents as
standard for comparisons, adolescents living with mother had similar life satisfaction, but those living with father only,
and those with no parents, or single parent with other adults had very much higher risk of life dissatisfaction. Specifically,
the risks associated with the adverse family structures were most excessive in the domain of ‘family life’. 相似文献
11.
Tiffany L. Cox Christie Zunker Brooks Wingo Dana-Marie Thomas Jamy D. Ard 《Social indicators research》2010,99(3):531-540
African American (AA) women’s preference for a larger body size and underestimation of their body weight may affect the relationship
between their body weight and weight-related quality of life (QOL). We wanted to examine the relationship between weight-related
QOL and body mass index (BMI) in a sample of overweight AA women. Thirty-three overweight AA women completed a clinic visit
to measure height, weight, and complete surveys including the Impact of Weight on Quality of Life-Lite (IWQOL-Lite) and the
Stunkard Figure Rating Scale. BMI was calculated using measured height and weight. Correlations and linear regression models
were estimated using SAS v 9.1. In this sample, the mean total quality of life score was 78.00 ± 17.68 on a 100 point scale.
There was a modest correlation between BMI and total weight-related QOL (r = −0.034, p = 0.053). Body image dissatisfaction was the strongest predictor of total quality of life score (p = 0.04). African American women’s unique cultural perception of body image may play a key role in weight-related QOL. 相似文献
12.
This paper reports on three field studies using the WHOQOL-100 and WHOQOL-BREF instruments that utilized three different samples
(N = 1,801) to get a better understanding of how important the person’s spiritual needs are for quality of life. The most striking
negative difference between the Estonian and World Health Organization samples was in the WHOQOL-100 spirituality domain.
We found that the quality of life index significantly correlated with the WHOQOL-100 spirituality score. Also, spirituality
was related to all quality of life domains (physical health, psychological well-being, level of independence, social relationships
and environment). Regarding psychological well-being, spirituality correlated with self-esteem, positive feelings, and thinking,
learning, memory, and concentration, on the other. Our findings suggest that spirituality occupies an important place in the
person’s perception of their quality of life in a changing socio–economic environment as the one in Estonia. 相似文献
13.
Yiengprugsawan V. Seubsman S. Khamman S. Lim L. L.-Y. Sleigh A. C. 《Social indicators research》2010,98(2):201-215
Satisfaction with life correlates with other measures of subjective wellbeing and correlates predictably with individual characteristics
and overall health. Social indicators and subjective wellbeing measures are necessary to evaluate a society and can be used
to produce national indicators of happiness. This study therefore aims to help close the gap in wellbeing data for Thailand.
The specific aims are to: (1) calculate the Thai PWI and domain scores using a large scale sample; (2) examine the level of
life satisfaction of Thais when compared to international standards; (3) examine the Thai PWI and domains in relation to demographic,
socioeconomic, and geographic characteristics. Our report derives from the findings on the Personal Wellbeing Index (PWI)
in a large national cohort of Sukhothai Thammathirat Open University adult students living all over Thailand (n = 87,134). This Thai cohort had an overall PWI of 70.0 on a scale from 0 to 100 which is consistent with Western populations.
The ‘spirituality and religion’ domain had the highest average score. ‘Standard of living’, ‘future security’ and ‘achievement
in life’ made the largest contribution to overall ‘satisfaction in life as a whole’. These domains also show a positive trend
with increasing age, being married, higher income, more education, more household assets, and rural residence. The PWI will
be an important tool for policymakers to understand the subjective wellbeing of population groups especially as Thailand is
undergoing a political and economic transition. 相似文献
14.
Importance weighting is a common idea in quality of life (QOL) measurement. Based on the common idea that important domains
should have more contributions to individuals’ QOL total score, the weighting procedure of multiplying item satisfaction by
item importance was adopted in many QOL instruments. However, in Locke’s [1969, Organizational Behavior and Human Performance
4, pp. 309–336; 1976, in: M.D. Dunnette (eds.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (Rand McNally, Chicago),
pp. 1297–1343] range-of-affect hypothesis, he indicated that the satisfaction evaluation of an item was determined by the
have–want discrepancy, importance and their interaction (discrepancy × importance), implying that item satisfaction has incorporated
the judgment of item importance, therefore, weighting an item satisfaction score with an item importance score is unnecessary.
The purpose of this study was to examine the range-of-affect hypothesis in the context of QOL research. Three hundred and
thirty two undergraduate students at National Taiwan University (NTU) participated in the study. Item satisfaction, importance
and perceived have–want discrepancy were measured for 12 different life-area items. Global life satisfaction was measured
as well. Regression analysis results showed that item importance and perceived have–want discrepancy have a significant interaction
effect on item satisfaction, supporting Locke’s range-of-affect hypothesis. In addition, regression analysis results also
showed that item importance and item satisfaction did not have a significant interaction effect on global satisfaction, suggesting
that weighting item satisfaction score by item importance value does not have advantages in predicting global satisfaction.
In a summary, the findings revealed that item satisfaction has incorporated the judgment of item importance, and, thus, the
procedure of importance weighting on item satisfaction is unnecessary. 相似文献
15.
Sustainable development is a priority area of research in many countries and regions nowadays. This paper illustrates how
a multi-stakeholders engagement process can be applied to identify and prioritize the local community’s concerns and issues
regarding sustainable development in Hong Kong. Ten priority areas covering a wide range of community’s concerns in relation
to the economic growth, societal development and environmental protection have been identified. An index is then constructed
based on these priority areas to track the public’s views on the progress of Hong Kong towards a more sustainable city. 相似文献
16.
This paper reviews the medical (salutogenic) effect of interventions that aim to improve quality of life. Review of studies
where the global quality of life in chronically ill patients was improved independently of subjective and objective factors
(like physical and mental health, yearly income, education, social network, self-esteem, sexual ability and problems or work).
The methods used were subtypes of integrative medicine (non-drug CAM) like mind body medicine, body psychotherapy, clinical
holistic medicine, consciousness-based medicine and sexology. In about 20 papers on QOL as medicine, in cancer, coronary heart
disease, chronic pain, mental illness, sexual dysfunction, low self-esteem, low working ability and poor QOL, the most successful
intervention strategy seems to be to create a maternal, infantile bonding induced by a combination of conversation therapy
and bodywork. The papers examined the treatments of over 2,000 chronically ill or dysfunctional patients and more than 20
different types of health problems. Global QOL measured by SEQOL, QOL5, QOL1, self-rated physical health, self-rated mental health, self-rated sexual functioning,
anorgasmia, genital pain, self-rated working ability, self-rated relation to self, well-being, life-satisfaction, happiness,
fulfillment of needs, experience of temporal and spatial domains, expression of life’s potentials, and objective functioning.
We found “QOL as medicine” able in the treatment of physical disorders and illnesses including chronic pain (Number Needed
to Treat (NNT) = 1–3, Number Needed to Harm (NNH) > 500), in mental illness (NNT = 1–3, NNH > 500), in sexual dysfunctions
(NNT = 1–2, NNH > 1,000), self-rated low working ability (NNT = 2, NNH > 500), and self-rated low QOL (NNT = 2, NNH > 2,000).
We found that QOL improving interventions helped or cured 30–90% of the patients, typically within one year, independent of
the type of health problem. “QOL as medicine” seems to be able in improving chronic mental, somatic and sexual health issues
without side effects. 相似文献
17.
Three field studies compared helping behavior across a sample of 24 small, medium and large cities across the United States.
The relationship of helping to statistics reflecting the demographic, social, and economic characteristics of these communities
was then examined. The strongest predictors of city differences in helping were population size, population density, economic
purchasing power and, to a somewhat lesser extent, walking speed. Changes in several community variables over the past decade
were also associated with helping: population size, economic well-being as measured by both purchasing power and poverty rates,
and crime rates. These data were compared to similar data collected 13–15 years ago. 相似文献
18.
Songman Kang 《Journal of population economics》2016,29(2):593-626
Economic inequality has long been considered an important determinant of crime. Existing evidence, however, is mostly based on inadequately aggregated data sets, making its interpretation less than straightforward. Using tract- and county-level U.S. Census panel data, I decompose county-level income inequality into its within- and across-tract components and examine the extent to which county-level crime rates are influenced by local inequality and economic segregation. I find that the previously reported positive correlation between violent crime and economic inequality is largely driven by economic segregation across neighborhoods instead of within-neighborhood inequality. Moreover, there is little evidence of a significant empirical link between overall inequality and crime when county- and time-fixed effects are controlled for. On the other hand, a particular form of economic inequality, namely, poverty concentration, remains an important predictor of county-level crime rates. 相似文献
19.
This paper provides a politico-economic theory that explains how an economy evolves when the longevity of its citizens is
jointly determined with the process of economic development. We propose a three-period overlapping generation model where
agents’ decisions embrace two dimensions: a private choice about education and a public one on innovation policy. We find
that (a) poverty traps can emerge in human capital accumulation, (b) higher life expectancy increases the incentive to innovate
for both young and adults, (c) different political configurations can arise depending on endogenous demographic structures
and (d) the steady state can entertain both innovation and its absence. 相似文献
20.
The quality of life (QOL) is a measure of social wellbeing and life satisfaction of individuals in an area. Measuring its spatial dynamics is of great significance as it can assist the policy makers and practitioners in improving the balance between urbanization and living environment. This study proposes an approach to spatially map and examine the relationships between QOL, land use/land cover (LULC) and population density in an urban environment. The city of Lahore, Pakistan was selected as the case study area. The QOL was evaluated through the data related to physical health, psychological, social relationships, environment (natural and built), economic condition and development, and access to facilities and services. The weights/relative importance of each QOL domain was determined through the analytic hierarchy process by processing the data collected from local field experts. Overall QOL was computed by applying the domain weights to the data; spatial mapping of QOL domains and overall QOL was conducted afterwards. The spatial dynamics of QOL were examined, and its interrelationships with LULC and population density were analyzed. The relationship between these three variables turned out to be spatially dynamic. The proposed approach assists the spatial mapping and analyses of QOL, LULC and population, and by examining the spatial dynamics of these variables, contributes to devising appropriate land management and QOL improvement strategies and policies in the metropolitan regions. 相似文献