Biographical notes of Bai Yuping

July 3, 1960 Born in Shanxi 1986 Admitted to the College of Fine Arts of Central Academy of National Minorities 1993 Joined the Chinese Artists Association 1997 Admitted to the Ninth Oil Painting Seminar in China Central Academy of Fine Arts     

Hellenism and homoeroticism in Shelley and his circle

This paper discusses two leading English Romantic poets- Percy Bysshe Shelley and George Gordon, Lord Byron-and three of their friends, who lived close together in Italy during the first half of 1822. Despite the censorious efforts of family, friends and biographers, ample evidence survives to establish the importance of male love in their lives and works. They were ardent hellenists, whose reference point for male love was the homoerotic ethos of Ancient Greece.     

Fertility desires and fertility: Hers,his, and theirs

The relationship between desired and achieved fertility may be misspecified by excluding husbands' fertility desires or by confounding effects of shared desires with the resolution of conflicting desires. Using couple data from the classic Princeton Fertility Surveys, we find relatively large husband effects on fertility outcomes as well as unique effects of spousal disagreement. Wives and husbands were equally likely to achieve fertility desires, and disagreeing couples experienced fertility rates midway between couples who wanted the same smaller or larger number of children. These conditions do not hold, however, when we include willingness to delay births for economic mobility as part of the measure of fertility desires. Among couples who both wanted a third child, only husbands' willingness to delay births had significant negative effects on birth rates.     

Satisfaction and happiness in a rural northern resource community

Satisfaction and happiness with life as a whole are analyzed in terms of satisfaction with health, finances, family, job, friends, housing, area, recreation, religion, self-esteem, transportation and government services for males and females. Patterns of influential variables differ for males and females. The perceived gap between what one has and wants is a better predictor of satisfaction than the gap between what one has and thinks similar others have, and the gap between what one has and the best one has had in the past. Domain-to-satisfaction and happiness explanations are combined with gap theoretic explanations to reveal the psychological dynamics of judgments of satisfaction for males and females for the 12 domains and global well-being.     

Tacit consent: the Church and birth control in northern Italy

This article employs novel documentation to examine ways in which the Church's moral rules on contraception were (or were not) communicated to parishioners in a predominantly Catholic context in a period of rapid fertility decline: the diocese of Padua, in the northeastern Italian region of Veneto, during the first half of the twentieth century. The account is based on documents that have until now been overlooked: the moral cases discussed during the periodic meetings among Padua priests in the years 1916–58, and the written answers provided by priests in response to a question asked of them concerning their efforts to combat the limiting of births. This documentation reveals the limited effect on the reproductive behavior of the position of the Catholic Church against birth control.     

Sexual activity among never-married men in northern Thailand

We use data collected in 1991 to investigate sexual activity among never-married men in Thailand, with a focus on age at first intercourse, characteristics of sexual partners, and conditions under which men visit prostitutes. We sampled men from a broad spectrum of northern Thai society, including university undergraduates, soldiers, and semiskilled/unskilled workers. We found that except for the students, the majority of each subsample is sexually experienced; prostitutes are the most common type of sexual partner for all groups. Alcohol consumption is associated with several measures of sexual activity. Condom use with prostitutes varies among the subsamples. Among men who have both prostitute and nonprostitute partners, the majority of those who do not use condoms with prostitutes also do not use condoms with their nonprostitute partners. We consider the implications of these results for the AIDS epidemic in Thailand.     

Boys in art. The artist and his model: Ferdinand and Hector Hodler. A new approach

In literature serious attention is rarely paid to the theme of "the boy in art," although many artists used and still use boys as a medium for their message. By a detailed analysis of the symbolism in a series of paintings by Ferdinand Hodler (1853-1918), the author attempts a reinterpretation of the pictures this Swiss artist made of his young son Hector. The author rejects traditional Freudian speculations and uses a hitherto neglected and repudiated source for understanding Hodler's symbolism, the social and artistic ideas of a circle of Rosicrucians to which the painter adhered.     

Natural movement of the population in the voivodships of western and northern Poland

The author discusses natural increase in western and northern Poland since 1948. Sections are included on marriages, births, and deaths.     

Exposure to violent conflict and environmental conservation behaviors in the northern Democratic Republic of Congo

Population and Environment - The vast majority of conflicts in Africa occur in biodiversity hotspots, threatening efforts to conserve protected natural environments and endangered species. This...     

Native Canadians: The question of their participation in northern public services

The Canadian north has the highest concentrations of native population in the country. It is here that the issue of representation in the public sector is most pressing. Contradictions arise between the bureaucratic norms of impartiality, neutrality and technical merit and the concerns of representative bureaucracy that factors such as ethnic origin, social class and gender be considered in employment. Using data for the Northwest Territories from the 1981 census as an example, the failure of native groups to achieve representation in virtually all segments of government except local band affairs is documented. Although affirmative action programs are achieving some improvements, major barriers to progress exist, the foremost being the failure of the educational system to keep a sufficient number of students in school to generate an adequate supply of qualified graduates for the public sector labour force.     

Differentials in the femininity ratio among centenarians: variations between northern and southern Italy from 1870

Significant differentials have been observed between Italian regions in the distribution of centenarians by sex, from two women per man in the south to over eight in certain regions in the north. In order to explain these differentials we studied the evolution of the femininity ratio (FR), using a longitudinal approach to follow the ageing process in two cohorts, and making use of nearly all the statistical data available since the time of the Unification of Italy in 1870. Significant differentials in the FR observed at the age of 100 are mainly due to mortality differentials among men over the age of 60. The high mortality of men in the north and their low mortality in the south are the main explanations of why the FRs are higher in the north and lower in the south. Mortality differentials among women have only a marginal impact.     

Environmental and socioeconomic determinants of neonatal mortality in a northern Italian city in the early nineteenth century

Population and Environment - The research explores the effects of the environment on neonatal mortality in the early nineteenth century, controlling for social and economic factors. Individual...     

重新认识恩格斯晚年的两种生产决定论——对两种生产理论的彻底反思

近几年理论界在尝试反思我国控制人口的基本理论———两种生产理论 ,但不彻底。笔者从“源头”上对恩格斯晚年的两种生产决定论作出重新认识 ,认为两种生产决定论明白无误 ,与“生产力是社会发展的最终决定力量”具有牵连性、依附性 ,前者是实践作用论 ,后者是实践的机制作用论 ,都是正确的。为此 ,应运用最新认识对过去的认识进行清理或梳理以建立新的人口理论     

The seasonality of births in Canada: A comparison with the northern United States

This paper presents evidence that there are substantial differences in the seasonal birth patterns of Canada and the northern United States. The seasonal birth pattern in Canada is characterized by a birth peak in April–May, and a trough in December–January. The birth pattern in the northern U.S. is characterized by a trough in April–May, and a peak in August–September. The influence of climate on the birth patterns is explored in an attempt to explain the discrepancies. In both Canada and the United States, there is an inverse relationship between temperature and conceptions during the summer months. The study concludes that variation in temperature alone cannot explain the discrepancy between the birth patterns of southern Canada and the northern United States.     

Intimate partner violence and the spatial pattern of maternal healthcare services utilization among parous married women in northern Nigeria

Journal of Population Research - The low uptake of maternal healthcare services (MHS) in Nigeria is implicated in the country’s poor maternal health outcomes. In northern Nigeria where these...     

Attitudes toward marriage in northern Vietnam: what qualitative data reveal about variations across gender,generation, and geography

Set in Southeast Asia in a context where marriage postponement and avoidance have made headlines in both academic and popular press outlets, this research was designed to elicit attitudes about the value of marriage and marriage alternatives among rural and urban Vietnamese men and women. The data come from 16 focus group interviews, eight of which were conducted in Hanoi and eight of which took place in rural communities in surrounding districts. The research identifies themes from each set of interviews and draws comparisons according to gender, generation, and rural or urban residence. There is widespread agreement across groups that marriage remains extremely important in Vietnam. Attitudes regarding the acceptability of non-marital cohabitation are much more mixed.     

Sexual violence at first intercourse against women in Moshi, northern Tanzania: prevalence, risk factors, and consequences

To explore the relationship between sexual violence at first intercourse and later sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Moshi, Tanzania, we analysed data from a representative household survey that comprised face-to-face interviews with 1,835 women and tests for six STIs on biological samples from 1,235 of these women. Overall, 10.9 per cent report forced first intercourse and 15.3 per cent report unwanted first intercourse. Unadjusted analysis shows a relationship between forced first intercourse and STIs (OR: 1.72, 95 per cent CI: 1.19-2.51). Life-course variables mediate this relationship. Significant predictors of having an STI include older age, more sexual partners, and a partner who has children with other women. Coerced first intercourse appears to be associated with changes in the life course of women and with a heightened risk of contracting an STI.     

The experiences of childbearing women who tested positive to COVID-19 during the pandemic in northern Italy

ProblemThe COVID-19 pandemic has significantly challenged maternity provision internationally. COVID-19 positive women are one of the childbearing groups most impacted by the pandemic due to drastic changes to maternity care pathways put in place.BackgroundSome quantitative research was conducted on clinical characteristics of pregnant women with COVID-19 and pregnant women’s concerns and birth expectations during the COVID-19 pandemic, but no qualitative findings on childbearing women’s experiences during the pandemic were published prior to our study.AimTo explore childbearing experiences of COVID-19 positive mothers who gave birth in the months of March and April 2020 in a Northern Italy maternity hospital.MethodsA qualitative interpretive phenomenological approach was undertaken. Audio-recorded semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 women. Thematic analysis was completed using NVivo software. Ethical approval was obtained from the research site’s Ethics Committee prior to commencing the study.FindingsThe findings include four main themes: 1) coping with unmet expectations; 2) reacting and adapting to the ‘new ordinary’; 3) ‘pandemic relationships’; 4) sharing a traumatic experience with long-lasting emotional impact.DiscussionThe most traumatic elements of women’s experiences were the sudden family separation, self-isolation, transfer to a referral centre, the partner not allowed to be present at birth and limited physical contact with the newborn.ConclusionKey elements of good practice including provision of compassionate care, presence of birth companions and transfer to referral centers only for the most severe COVID-19 cases should be considered when drafting maternity care pathways guidelines in view of future pandemic waves.