共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |
2.
The effect of immigration on the labor market performance of native-born workers: some evidence for Spain 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Raquel Carrasco Juan F. Jimeno A. Carolina Ortega 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):627-648
This paper provides an approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain, a country where labor market institutions
and immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities, during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows
accelerated. By using alternative data sets, we estimate both the impact of legal and total immigration flows on the employment
rates and wages of native workers, accounting for the possible occupational and geographical mobility of immigrants and native-born
workers. Using different samples and estimation procedures, we have not found a significant negative effect of immigration
on either the employment rates or wages of native workers.
相似文献
A. Carolina OrtegaEmail: |
3.
The Canadian unemployment insurance program is designed to reflect the varying risk of joblessness across regions. Regions that are considered low-risk areas subsidize higher-risk ones. A region’s risk is typically proxied by its relative unemployment rate. We use a dynamic, heterogeneous-agent model calibrated to Canada to analyze voters’ preferences between a uniformly generous unemployment insurance and the current system with asymmetric generosity. We find that Canada’s unusual unemployment insurance system is surprisingly close to what voters would choose in spite of the possibilities of shirking and self-insurance through asset buildup.
相似文献
Christian Zimmermann (Corresponding author)Email: |
4.
Anna Piil Damm 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):145-174
This paper exploits a Danish spatial dispersal policy on refugees, which can be regarded as a natural experiment to investigate
the influence of regional factors on recent immigrants’ location choices. The main push factors are lack of co-nationals and
immigrants. Additional push factors are lack of rental, including social, housing and lack of institutions for qualifying
education, which explain why recent immigrants are attracted to large cities. Finally, placed refugees tend to leave locations
with relatively high regional unemployment, and there is indirect evidence of welfare seeking.
相似文献
Anna Piil DammEmail: |
5.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
6.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
7.
Too many migrants, too few services: a model of decision-making on immigration and integration with cultural distance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We model the political demand for immigrants as a trade-off that native voters face between having services, assumed to be
produced only by unskilled and nonassimilated immigrants, and experiencing disutility due to the immigrant workers having
a culture different from the native culture. Immigrants decide whether to integrate into the native culture. We show that
if services are priced according to per unit costs, the market demand for immigrants will exceed the political demand. Market
forces then lead to higher services prices, implying that the initially allowed number of immigrants is ‘politically’ too
large.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
8.
Are there gender and country of origin differences in immigrant labor market outcomes across European destinations? 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The 1994–2000 waves of the European Community Household Panel are used to study the earnings of immigrants as compared to
native workers in 15 European countries. At the time of arrival, there is a significant negative partial effect of foreign
birth on individual earnings compared to the native born in the destination of around 40%. These differences vary across origins
and destinations and by gender. Immigrant earnings catch-up to those of the native born after around 18 years in the destination.
Schooling matters more for earnings for women, whereas, language skills are relatively more important for men.
相似文献
Barry R. ChiswickEmail: |
9.
Wen-Jen Tsay 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):749-767
The social status and well-being of political immigrants’ children are seldom touched upon in literature. This paper focuses on the impact of refugee experience on the relative educational attainment of second-generation immigrants in Taiwan. In contrast with the results in van Ours and Veenman (J Popul Econ 16(4):739–753, 2003) and Riphahn (J Popul Econ 16(4):711–737, 2003) who showed that second-generation immigrants lag behind their native counterparts, this paper’s principle finding is that the father’s immigration status can help his children achieve a higher educational qualification than native Taiwanese after controlling the relevant determinants of educational attainment, including parental background and the neighborhood where the interviewee grows up. In addition, women born in the earlier cohort benefit more by their fathers’ immigration status than their male counterparts do. However, Taiwanese schooling advances across generations are impressive, whereby the gap in schooling attainment between second-generation immigrants and native Taiwanese is found to decline over time.
相似文献
Wen-Jen TsayEmail: Fax: +886-2-27853946 |
10.
This paper examines the ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ of employee well-being. Beginning with the ‘what’ of well-being, the construct
of mental health was explored with the aim of building a model of employee well-being. It was proposed that employee well-being
consists of three core components: (1) subjective well-being; (2) workplace well-being and (3) psychological well-being. Following
this, the ‘why’ of employee well-being was investigated; that is, why employee well-being should be an important matter for
organisations. It was argued that employee well-being is an important precursor to organisational well-being, as indicated
by its links to employee turnover and performance. The next section was concerned with the ‘how’ of employee well-being; that
is, how well-being can be reliably enhanced. Drawing on two models of strengths and a practice model of psychological assessment,
it was asserted that strength-based development can reliably enhance employee well-being. A solid framework for understanding
and measuring employee well-being is offered in the hope that it will foster a more integrated approach to assessing and optimising
employee well-being.
相似文献
Dianne A. Vella-BrodrickEmail: |
11.
The focus of this paper is on a microeconomic analysis of the annual transition rate from temporary to permanent work of individual
workers in Canada for the period 1999–2004. Given that a large proportion of temporary employment is involuntary, an understanding
of the factors associated with the transition to permanent work may inform public policy. Factors associated with the transition,
namely, human capital, household structures and labour market segmentation are analyzed using data from the Statistics Canada’s
Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) for the period 1999–2004, limited to paid workers aged 20–64 years, excluding students. Among the key factors associated
with the transitions are younger age and low unemployment rates. The analysis adds to the Canadian and international literature
on transitions from temporary to permanent work.
相似文献
Fiona MacPhailEmail: |
12.
Analysis of casual work in British Columbia is an important issue given that the increase in casual work has been greater
in this province than in other provinces in Canada and given that the labour market has been substantially deregulated since
2001. In this paper, we analyse how individuals’ casual employment status affects their economic security based on a specially
designed survey undertaken by the authors. We follow the ILO’s classification of the dimensions of economic security but,
based on our findings, add a further dimension—Time security—As being of particular importance to casual workers. On the basis
of these results, we analyse the policy interventions that might be necessary to increase the economic security of casual
workers, policies which we suggest can best be conceptualized as providing a “security quilt”.
相似文献
Paul BowlesEmail: |
13.
Uzi Rebhun 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):565-590
This study applies two different complementary statistical techniques to examine the structure and determinants of homeownership
and consumption of household goods among immigrants in Israel. Findings from partial-order analysis (POSAC) reveal significant
differences between immigrant groups by type, rather than level, of household characteristics. Suppliers of entertainment
(television) and of information-communication (computer) are the items that most strongly distinguish between immigrants.
The joint direction of the partially ordered space corresponds with home and car ownership. Immigrant groups are dispersed
in different parts of the household typology; with increased duration of residence in Israel immigrants move, albeit in varied
rhythms, toward improved housing conditions. A complementary logistic regression analysis, which controls for socio-demographic
variation and detailed tenure in Israel, show a likelihood of convergence of immigrants from all origin countries with the
core native-born group in owning a home. For other household goods, the findings largely coincide with the typology derived
from POSAC. The findings are discussed in reference to three conceptual expectations of “cultural norms”, “adjustment”, and
“structural-environmental considerations”.
相似文献
Uzi RebhunEmail: |
14.
We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force
Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished
from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are
found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst
amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to
white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.
相似文献
Joanne LindleyEmail: |
15.
This study applies rich data from the 2000 Swiss census to investigate the patterns of intergenerational education transmission
for natives and second-generation immigrants. The level of secondary schooling attained by youth aged 17 is related to their
parents’ educational outcomes based on data on the entire Swiss population. Extending economic theories of child educational
attainment, we derive hypotheses regarding the patterns of intergenerational education transmission. The data yield substantial
heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission across population groups. Only a small share of this heterogeneity is explained
by the predictions of economic theory.
相似文献
Regina T. Riphahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
16.
In this article we examine gender differences in income expectations of students in higher education. We found quite large
gender differences. Men and women differ significantly in the income they expect to earn at the top of their career. We examined
how much personality traits contribute to explain gender differences in income expectations, and to what extent personality
typologies can add to insights about earnings potential derived from human capital theory. The research shows that personality
does affect expected income, that impact goes beyond personality’s indirect effects, which are conveyed largely through gender
differences and students’ choice of study subject.
相似文献
Ariana NeedEmail: |
17.
This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous ethnic group.
Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and 2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate.
A reduced proportion of people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income inequality
declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income gap between Māori and Europeans declined.
The increased Māori employment rate during this period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income
distribution.
相似文献
David C. Maré (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
The present study considers how the athletic performance of minority groups relates to national subjective well-being (SWB)
and life expectancy. Based on the argument that sports represent a microcosm of society and the reliable finding that national
inequality is associated with reduced SWB, we hypothesized that greater opportunities for typically disadvantaged groups within
sports should be positively related to national indicators of well-being. Study 1 compared the relation of success in the
Paralympics versus the Olympics to national subjective well-being and life expectancy. The results supported our hypothesis.
In Study 2 we conceptually replicated these results using the standings of national men’s and women’s soccer teams. Overall,
it appears that the opportunities to compete in sports that nations afford to members of disadvantaged groups reflect on the
health and well-being of the entire society.
相似文献
Michelle DownieEmail: |
19.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
20.
Katarina Boye 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):509-525
Absolute as well as relative hours of paid and unpaid work may influence well-being. This study investigates whether absolute
hours spent on paid work and housework account for the lower well-being among women as compared to men in Europe, and whether
the associations between well-being and hours of paid work and housework differ by gender attitudes and social context. Attitudes
towards women’s and men’s paid work and housework obligations may influence how beneficial or detrimental it is to spend time
on these activities, as may social comparison of one’s own hours to the number of hours commonly spent among similar others.
A group of 13,425 women and men from 25 European countries are analysed using country fixed-effects models. The results suggest
that while men’s well-being appears to be unaffected by hours of paid work and housework, women’s well-being increases with
increased paid working hours and decreases with increasing housework hours. Gender differences in time spent on paid work
and housework account for a third of the European gender difference in well-being and are thus one reason that women have
lower well-being than men have. Gender attitudes do not appear to modify the associations between hours and well-being, but
there is a tendency for women’s well-being to be higher the less housework they do compared to other women in the same family
situation and country. However, absolute hours of paid work and housework appear to be more important to women’s well-being
than relative hours.
相似文献
Katarina BoyeEmail: |