农民工城市融入的社会工作视角及其路径

农民工是我国社会背景下产生的一个特殊社会群体,其既为社会结构所型塑,又影响并改变社会结构的面貌,特别是对未来中国社会的影响不可小视。随着中国城镇化进程的加快,农民工已成为中国发展不可或缺的推动力量。但是由于我国农民工群体长期游离在城市的主流社区之外,没有完整地享受到城市的保障和服务,难以真正融入城市社会,成为边缘人群和弱势群体。以往的研究通常较为宏观,大多从社会学、经济学和管理学的角度进行理论分析和政策倡导,而本文从社会工作的实务视角出发,通过文献回顾、对农民工状况的实证分析,以及对实务工作者的深入访谈,对社会工作与农民工社会融入的契合面和着力点,以及介入的优选路径等方面提出了自己的观点和看法。并得出了如下结论:城市农民工心理层面的社会融入是社会工作适切的介入层面;农民工社会支持系统的构建是社会工作的着力点;社区支持模式是社会工作介入农民工社会融入优选路径。     

社会工作介入刑满释放人员社会融入问题研究

如何发挥社会工作在促进刑满释放人员社会融入中的作用,是加强和创新社会管理的重要内容。本研究以长沙市8名刑满释放人员为研究个案,运用定性研究方法,以社会工作系统理论为研究视角,探讨社会工作介入刑满释放人员的身份融入、职业融入、家庭融入、社会交往融入的服务模式。在此基础上,建议建立社会工作介入刑满释放人员社会融入的服务模式,以便有效地促进刑满释放人员的社会融入,为维护社会稳定和构建社会主义和谐社会添砖加瓦。     

青年农民工融入城市社区的理论与实践思考

促进青年农民工融入城市社区是中国城镇化发展的现实要求。青年农民工融入城市社区既需要有关社会融入的理论关照,也需要相关制度安排的有效践行。根据青年农民工群体的特性,以社区为载体满足青年农民工在城市生活的现实需求,有助于实现青年农民工深层次的社会融入。     

优势视角下城市拾荒者社会融入的社工介入探析

拾荒者在城市中的社会融入存在收支结构单一化、社会交往内卷化、心理融入无意识逆反等诸多不足,融入现状不甚乐观,而单纯依赖政府政策方面的有意识倾斜和保护是远远不够的。本文旨在通过引入社会工作优势视角,着重挖掘拾荒者自身的个体优势和环境优势,综合调动其个人、家庭、社区以及社会等多个层面的资源,共同建立城市拾荒者社会融入的立体支持网络,促进其更好地融入城市,共享现代化建设成果。     

农民工子女城市融入的增权途径探索

作为城市中第二代移民的农民工子女,其城市融入存在着诸多障碍,如何解决是关乎城市社会稳定发展的重要问题之一,笔者试图从已有的农民工子女城市融入中存在的困境入手,从增权理论角度,对农民工子女的城市融入提供途径,提升其城市融入的能力.     

农民工子女城市融入的增权途径探索

作为城市中“第二代移民”的农民工子女,其城市融入存在着诸多障碍,如何解决是关乎城市社会稳定发展的重要问题之一,笔者试图从已有的农民工子女城市融人中存在的困境入手,从增权理论角度,对农民工子女的城市融入提供途径,提升其城市融入的能力。     

融入中华文化的涉外社区教育课程体系开发与实践

开发完善的、有特色的社区教育课程体系并将其推广实践是涉外社区教育的重要工作.将中华文化融入涉外社区教育具备必要性和可行性,以"文化认同"理论为指引,以深化涉外社区教育内涵发展和推动涉外社区治理为功能,通过课程目标设置、课程内容选择、课程形式创新、课程实施与评价四个策略开发出融入中华文化的涉外社区教育课程体系,在涉外社区...     

融入、共生与竞争：三维范式下的社工职业化

社会工作的发展需要经过＂融入＂、＂共生＂与＂竞争＂三个层次。从系统论与生态学的角度提出社工职业化进程的三维分析框架,以天津市妇联＂半边天家园＂的社会工作实践和项目研究为例,探讨在家园工作中推进社会工作的可能形式。从＂生命网＂体系、融入生命网的策略分析、实现＂共生＂三个层面对社会工作的主要＂结点＂进行三维实践分析。社会工作必须融入其拟存在的社会系统,在该系统中适应环境,长期和谐共生,而后建构起自己的文化并影响该系统的文化,通过行动凸显出自身的价值和作用,最终确立在系统中的地位。     

民族地区文化能力建设的社会工作实践研究 ——以内蒙古一个生态移民社区为例

本文以一个内蒙古生态移民社区在城镇化、现代化转型过程中面临的一系列困境为起点,采用社会工作协同实践研究的新方法,与社区群众一起立足于"实践现场",探索少数民族生态移民社区发展的路径和社会工作的实践研究模式.在实践中,研究团队提炼出以文化能力建设为核心的社会工作实践研究的理论框架和实践路径.从文化能力建设的个人、社群、社...     

中国农民工社会融入的代际比较

本文依据2011年中国社会科学院社会学研究所中国社会状况综合调查数据,描述了老一代农民工和新生代农民工在经济、社会、心理和身份四个层面的社会融入状况,分析了人力资本、社会资本和政策制度等因素对社会融入的影响。研究发现,新生代农民工社会融入状况与老一代农民工相比并没有根本差异;影响社会融入的人力资本因素更显著地体现在农民工的工作技能上;政策制度对农民工社会融入具有重要影响;农民工社会融入的经济-社会-心理-身份四个层次不存在递进关系,经济层次的融入并不必然带来其他层次的融入。     

Explaining Social exclusion: Towards Social Inclusion for Indigenous Australians

Current policy often focuses on ‘Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage’ by simultaneously addressing multiple deficits that many Indigenous people experience relative to other Australians. International literature often frames such issues in terms of the contested concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. This paper attempts to analyse what Indigenous social inclusion might look like in a plural society such as Australia. In addition to contextualising Australian policy in broader debates, this paper also briefly introduces several relevant theories of justice, diversity and Indigenous rights to provide a theoretical framework for conceptualising social inclusion. The article concludes with some reflections on some practical suggestions to move the debate forward. In principle, enhancing Indigenous social and political participation in policy design should both increase inclusion and reduce disadvantage by enhancing the effectiveness of programs that have a substantial Indigenous client base.     

Labour Force Participation,Social Inclusion and the Fair Work Act: Current and Carbon‐Constrained Contexts

The notion that employment is a precondition for personal wellbeing and social inclusion is almost sacrosanct in Australian culture. Yet, the working and living conditions of Australia's low paid workers tells a different story. While labour market participation is a cornerstone of the Federal Government's Social Inclusion Agenda, it is recognized that low pay and poor job quality often derail this key objective. Indeed, the difficulty of ‘making work pay’ at the bottom end of the labour market is a social inclusion challenge that has yet to receive the policy or public attention that it warrants. This article considers what the Fair Work Act means for the social inclusion of disadvantaged workers, in the context of wider‐ranging strategies to address low pay. It concludes with some considerations of the challenges that a carbon‐constrained economy is likely to present for labour force participation as a remedy for social exclusion.     

Social Inclusion and Sport: Culturally diverse women's perspectives

Sport and recreation can help communities to build social inclusion and celebrate diversity. Yet some sport and recreation activities require conformity to social and cultural norms, risking suppressing difference and reinforcing inequality and exclusion. This paper explores these tensions by examining access and barriers to sport and recreation for a large group of Australian women: those from culturally diverse backgrounds. Qualitative data shows that while sport industry representatives justify catering primarily for a mainstream participant base, culturally diverse women identify barriers requiring strategic and targeted policy and program intervention. Implicating the spatial organisation of sport and recreation as sources of marginalisation, culturally diverse women highlight how access‐enhancing initiatives in public, commercial and community sport facilities can play key roles in promoting social inclusion.     

Europeanization of Social Inclusion Policy in Macedonia – Trends,Challenges and Potential Benefits

The article explores policies, trends and challenges related to social inclusion in Macedonia, and assesses the contribution of EU strategic frameworks and instruments towards the country's greater inclusive growth. In this respect, the article starts by exploring existing instruments for pre‐accession (IPAs) which are relevant for the achievement of the EU 2020 goals. Then the article offers a country analysis related to issues such as poverty, material deprivation, as well as exclusion from the labour market, accompanied by an overview of policies and measures undertaken by the current government in the respective domains. Unfavourable socio‐economic trends, such as undeclared work, jobless growth, high unemployment and poverty rates, present serious challenges to the creation of an effective social inclusion policy. On the other hand, the ‘delayed’ negotiation process with the EU, which in social policy results in a lack of Joint Inclusion Memorandum (JIM) and Joint Assessment Paper (JAP) processes even after seven years of candidate status, slows down the adoption of more strategic policy approach towards sensitive issues, such as social inclusion and anti‐discrimination. The main aim of the article is to assess whether there is a significant difference between current social inclusion policies, measures, indicators and trends with the similar EU standards and practices. In addition, the article explores the potential benefits of the process of Europeanization for Macedonian social inclusion policy.     

Women,Legal Aid and Social Inclusion

This article examines access to legal aid for women in light of the Australian government's social inclusion agenda. It is notable that the government's image of social citizenship does not include the ability to invoke and enforce legal rights, and that discourses of social exclusion have paid relatively little attention to gendered patterns of exclusion. The article reports on a study of applications for and refusals of legal aid for family law, domestic violence and anti‐discrimination matters by socially excluded women in Queensland. It demonstrates the variety of ways in which Legal Aid Queensland's grants process operated to further exclude and marginalise these women. It argues that effective access to legal aid is an important element of social inclusion, but that this goal cannot be achieved by reliance on the tools of New Public Management.     

Inclusion as Social Practice: Views of Children with Autism

This study illuminates the social realities of inclusion of 16 high functioning children with autism (HFA) in public schools in the United States. The study suggests that the practice of inclusion rests primarily on unaffected schoolmates rather than teachers, who typically are occupied monitoring academic progress and disciplinary transgressions across a range of children. Utilizing ethnographic observations and video recordings of quotidian classroom and playground activities, the analysis elucidates how classmates employ a range of positive and negative inclusion practices that either integrate or distance autistic children. Ethnographic observations of the study population indicate that the children whose diagnosis was fully disclosed enjoyed more consistent social support in the classroom and on the school playground. The study further suggests that high functioning children with autism exhibit a range of reactions to negative inclusion practices such as rejection and scorn. Such reactions include oblivion, immediate behavioral response, and emotionally charged accounts of disturbing school incidents shared after-the-fact with family members. Significantly, these observations indicate that HFA children can be cognizant of and distressed by others' derisive stances and acts, despite symptomatic difficulties in interpreting others' intentions and feelings.     

安置方式、人际交往与移民适应:江苏、浙江343户三峡农村移民的比较研究

本文依据对江苏、浙江两省6个县343户三峡外迁农村移民的调查数据，分析了相对集中与完全分散这两种不同的安置方式，以及由此所形成的两种不同的人际交往状况对外迁移民社会适应的影响。研究发现，从总体上看，移民在安置地的人际交往状况对移民的社会适应的影响十分显著。无论是移民之间的交往、还是移民与当地居民之间的交往，都会大大增强移民融入当地社会的程度。     

A New Kid in Town? Active Inclusion Elements in European Minimum Income Schemes

This article assesses the current variation in activation strategies directed towards able‐bodied persons of working age relying on a minimum income guarantee in 19 EU member states. First, we argue that the active inclusion notion developed by the European Commission in its Recommendation on the active inclusion of persons excluded from the labour market provides a useful tool to categorize current activation strategies towards minimum income protection (MIP) recipients. Consequently, we assess the empirical viability of active inclusion strategies in a fuzzy set ideal type analysis of purpose‐collected institutional data. We find that there are only few countries where the activation discourse has remained a dead letter. Most countries implement policy measures that aim to discourage benefit dependency among MIP recipients. Nevertheless, behind the realities of activation strategies towards MIP recipients seldom lies the notion of active inclusion as defined by the European Commission. Particularly, many countries focus predominantly on incentives to increase labour market participation rates of MIP recipients, rather than enabling measures.     

Understanding Social Inclusion and Its Meaning for Australia

This paper considers the various meanings of ‘social inclusion’ from both sociological and policy viewpoints. It shows how the perspective has been translated into particular policies and approaches to governance. After drawing some lessons from the policy experiences of other countries, it weighs the appropriateness of a ‘social inclusion agenda’ for Australia, a country with a particular history of social exclusion – of prisoners, indigenous people, and immigrants from around the world – and a special emphasis on dignity, respect and equal treatment.     

From blank spaces to flows of life: transforming community engagement in environmental decision-making and its implications for localism

Localism advocates the participation of ‘local’ groups in governmental decision-making processes. While making policy more context/place specific is a progressive goal, this paper suggests that the processes through which this occurs, and underlying conceptual approaches to scale and place, require a careful analysis. Although often side-lined, Indigenous experiences of localism are key to seeing these issues as critical responses to place and politics, rather than relegating them to an ‘Aboriginal’-specific issue. This paper outlines two practical implementations of Aboriginal inclusion in environmental decision-making, in Canada and Australia. These case studies demonstrate both the failings of current framings of localism and ‘environment’ in policy-making and the inadequate responses of governments to the complexities of place making. These challenges are illustrative and symptomatic of wider issues about how environmental policy and place are currently envisaged. This paper suggests a new methodological framing of these issues that positions the current framing as one view among many, offers a non-relativist frame of communication for moving beyond inclusion and outlines the implications of this reframing for localism.