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1.
This paper explores service providers’ perspectives on a series of issues associated with systemic coordination in the implementation
of the Chafee Educational and Training Voucher (ETV) Program in three relatively rural states. Findings derived from mail
surveys (N = 105) and in-depth interviews (N = 17) with child welfare and educational service providers highlight challenges and innovations related to working with Chafee
ETV eligible youth. Findings suggest that raising awareness of the Chafee ETV program’s provisions, improving access to concrete
services, and facilitating collaboration among service providers may aid the transition to post secondary education for youth
in out-of-home care. 相似文献
2.
Greta R. Krippner 《Theory and Society》2007,36(6):477-513
This article explores the implications of the Federal Reserve’s shift to transparency for recent debates about neoliberalism
and neoliberal policymaking. I argue that the evolution of US monetary policy represents a specific instance of what I term
the “neoliberal dilemma.” In the context of generally deteriorating economic conditions, policymakers are anxious to escape
responsibility for economic outcomes, and yet markets require regulation to function in capitalist economies (Polanyi 2001). How policymakers negotiate these contradictory imperatives involves a continual process of institutional innovation in
which functions are transferred to markets, but under the close control of the state. Thus, under transparency, Federal Reserve officials discovered
innovations in the policy process that enabled “markets to do the Fed’s work for it.” These innovations enlisted market mechanisms,
but did not represent a retreat from the state’s active role in managing the economy.
Greta Krippner is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan. She is currently completing a book on the financialization of the American economy in the post-1970s period entitled The Fictitious Economy: The State, Financialization, and the Remaking of American Capitalism. New research examines the relationship between financialization and changing patterns of social conflict in US society from the late nineteenth century to the present. 相似文献
Greta R. KrippnerEmail: |
Greta Krippner is Assistant Professor of Sociology at the University of Michigan. She is currently completing a book on the financialization of the American economy in the post-1970s period entitled The Fictitious Economy: The State, Financialization, and the Remaking of American Capitalism. New research examines the relationship between financialization and changing patterns of social conflict in US society from the late nineteenth century to the present. 相似文献
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4.
Gary Dean Jaworski 《The American Sociologist》1990,21(3):209-216
Within the context of a discussion of Robert K. Merton’s ideas on leadership in postwar America, the article examines the
nature and impact of Merton’s “sociological parables.” This term refers to short tales from social life from which sociological
lessons with moral implications can be drawn. These parables, such as the bank insolvency story told in “The Self-Fulfilling
Prophecy,” illustrate the manner in which Merton merged moral and sociological messages in his writings. Suggestions are made
along the lines that these parables, or at least the moral messages they contain, contributed to Merton’s postwar fame.
His most recent publications are “Simmel’s Contribution to Parsons’ Action Theory and Its Fate,” in Michael Kaern, ed.Georg Simmel and Contempory Sociology (Kluwer, 1990); and “Robert K. Merton’s Extension of Simmel’sUbersehbar” inSociological Theory, Spring 1990. 相似文献
5.
On the occasion of the re-publication of Erving Goffman’s Relations in Public: Microstudies of the Public Order, including the remarkable appendix, “Insanity of Place,” the authors propose new ways of reading Goffman’s work in order
to highlight his attention to havoc and containment. Goffman’s “Insanity of Place,” explores the phenomenon of mental illness
by asserting that it is an instance of havoc, a symbolic and practical condition that disrupts the social order of life, and
one that must be contained. By situating this essay at the center of Goffman’s oeuvre they examine Goffman’s “philosophy of
containment,” and trace its trajectory from Asylums, Stigma and “The Insanity of Place” to its full crystallization in Frame Analysis. The authors offer a generative reading of havoc and containment in order to understand the incoherence, irrationality, unreason,
incomprehensibility and unbearableness of social life and the imperative to preserve social order from collapsing, dissolving
or imploding. This reading enables us to see the cracks in the social order and understand containment as the constant effort
exerted to recuperate transgressions and deviations back into that order. Goffman’s analysis becomes an opening into engagements
with the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault around the notion of the normative order and the issues of containment
and transgression. Thinking through Goffman’s philosophy of containment as the framework for an analysis of socialization,
normalization, and social ordering affords an approach to thinking macro-micro linkages of order and instability that confront
both our contemporary society and the discipline of sociology. 相似文献
6.
Keith Doubt 《The American Sociologist》1989,20(3):252-262
A short story titled “‘Color Trouble’” by Harold Garfinkel was published inOpportunity in 1940,The Best Short Stories 1941, andPrimer for White Folks in 1945. Garfinkel wrote this short story before World War II while a research fellow at the University of North Carolina,
Chapel Hill under Howard W. Odum, the founder ofSocial Forces “‘Color Trouble’” narrates poignantly the racial victimization of a young black woman traveling on a public bus through the
State of Virginia. The short story provides sociologists with a different medium through which to examine the seminal interests
of ethnomethodology’s founder. In a literary form, the short story depicts such ethnomethodological concepts as the breaching
experiment, the “et cetera clause,” “ad hocing,” and the status degradation ceremony. Garfinkel’s “‘Color Trouble’” also suggests
the way in which ethnomethodology overlaps with, as well as diverges from, Erving Goffman’s dramaturgical perspective.
He received his doctoral degree from the graduate program in sociology at York University, Toronto, Ontario. His article “Autonomy
and Responsibility in Social Theory” will appear inCurrent Perspectives in Social Theory, Volume 10. 相似文献
7.
Frédéric Gaspart 《Social Choice and Welfare》1997,15(1):95-112
The concern for measuring well-being objectively (as opposed to subjectively, that is, relying only on preferences) is found
in modern political philosophy, especially in J. Rawls’s, A. Sen’s and G. Cohen’s writings. This paper explains the implications
of using an objective well-being index as equalisandum or, close to the so-called “safety net preoccupation”, to guarantee a well-being lower bound. In the simple production model
studied here, five characterization results and two related theorems prove the convergence of both approaches. We come to
the conclusion that the Proportional Solution is the dominant solution according to “objectivist” axioms.
Received: 5 September 1994/Accepted: 29 June 1996 相似文献
8.
9.
This paper is an attempt to account for the social foundations of China’s economic transition from central planning to a market
economy which is a process of the completion and perfection of markets. In the early stage of China’s transition, relational
contracts and interlinked arrangements constitute effective substitutes for missing and imperfect markets. However, relational
contracting is becoming more costly as China’s economy develops. Its costs include, diseconomy of scale, undermining the development
of arm-length transactions and formal institutions, among others. There are two possible future trajectories of China’s reform.
One possibility is that the markets are so developed so that they are dis-embedded from sociopolitical powers. A second is
that the markets are less developed and embedded in sociopolitical powers. 相似文献
10.
This paper re-examines the so-called ‘chairman’s paradox‘ that was first noticed by Farquharson in his path breaking tract
on sophisticated voting, Theory of Voting (1969). The Chairman’s paradox is concerned with the case of a three member committee in which a particular player who has
a regular and a tie-breaking vote – the ‘chairman’ – not only will do worse in specific instances under the plurality procedure
for three alternatives than if he did not have such a vote, but will also do worse overall. That is, the chairman’s a priori probability of success (‘getting what one wants’) for all possible games with linear (strict) preference orders is lower than that of the two regular members. It is demonstrated that this result, which comes
about if voters act strategically rather than sincerely, is not as robust as it has been thought to be. By merely replacing
the standard assumption of linear preference orders with weak preference orders, which allow for indifference, we can escape from the paradox for the canonical case of three players and
three alternatives. With weak preference orders, the a priori success of the chairman is now greater than that of the other two players. We also point to a new paradox of sophisticated voting. 相似文献
11.
Karina M. Shreffler Amy E. Pirretti Robert Drago 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2010,31(2):228-240
Fertility among employed women remains far below their desired preferences. Although research has shown that fertility intentions
significantly predict subsequent behavior, little is known about the factors that contribute to intentions. We assess the
impacts of perceived self and partner work-to-family and family-to-work conflict on the fertility intentions of both women
and men. Using a national probability sample of men and women in dual-earner families (N = 630), we find that men’s perceptions of their wives’ work–family conflict significantly predict men’s fertility intentions,
even though men’s own work–family conflict does not. Neither women’s own work–family conflict nor their perceptions of their
husbands’ work–family conflict predicts women’s fertility intentions. 相似文献
12.
We studied a population of Cooper’s hawks (Accipiter cooperii) in Tucson, Arizona from 1994 to 2005. High rates of mortality of nestlings from an urban-related disease prompted speculation
that the area represented an ecological trap and habitat sink for Cooper’s hawks. In this paper, we used estimates of survival
and productivity from 11years of monitoring to develop an estimate of the rate of population change, λ, for Cooper’s hawks in the area. We used a Cormack–Jolly–Seber approach to estimate survival of breeding hawks, and a stochastic,
stage-based matrix to estimate λ. Despite the urban-related disease, the estimate of λ indicated that the area does not function as a habitat sink for Cooper’s hawks (= 1.11 ± 0.047; P = 0.0073 for the null of λ ≤ 1). Because data required to reliably identify habitat sinks are extensive and difficult to acquire, we suggest that the
concept of habitat sinks be applied cautiously until substantiated with reliable empirical evidence. 相似文献
13.
Acyclic sets of linear orders via the Bruhat orders 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We describe Abello’s acyclic sets of linear orders [SIAM J Discr Math 4(1):1–16, 1991] as the permutations visited by commuting
equivalence classes of maximal reduced decompositions. This allows us to strengthen Abello’s structural result: we show that
acyclic sets arising from this construction are distributive sublattices of the weak Bruhat order. This, in turn, shows that
Abello’s acyclic sets are, in fact, the same as Chameni-Nembua’s distributive covering sublattices (S.T.D.C s). Fishburn’s alternating scheme is shown to be a special case of the Abello/Chameni-Nembua acyclic sets. Any acyclic set that arises in this way can be represented
by an arrangement of pseudolines, and we use this representation to derive a simple closed form for the cardinality of the
alternating scheme. The higher Bruhat orders prove to be a natural mathematical framework for this approach to the acyclic
sets problem.
We would like to thank the Editor, Professor Bernard Monjardet, and two anonymous referees for their comments and additional
references. 相似文献
14.
Robert Prus 《The American Sociologist》2011,42(1):56-111
Although often overlooked in sociological circles, Emile Durkheim’s (1902–1903) Moral Education provides an important cornerstone in the quest to understand community life. Not only does Moral Education give a vibrant realism to the sociological venture in ways that Durkheim’s earlier works (1893, 1895, 1897) fail to achieve, but in addressing discipline, devotion, and informed reasoning as humanly engaged, collectively accomplished
fields of activity Emile Durkheim also provides an exceptionally consequential baseline analysis of human knowing and acting.
Notably as well, focusing on the organizational, intersubjectively achieved features of elementary education, Durkheim’s Moral Education lays bare the interactional nature of the moral order of community life. Indeed, as a sustained analysis of the way of life
of a group of people collectively participating in the educational process, this text addresses the most basic features of
people’s relations to one another and the broader society in which they find themselves. Much more than an account of childhood
socialization, Durkheim’s Moral Education also presages the more thoroughly humanist sociology that Durkheim develops in The Evolution of Educational Thought (1904–1905), The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life (1912) and Pragmatism and Sociology (1913–1914). 相似文献
15.
T. Groseclose 《Social Choice and Welfare》2007,28(2):321-335
I examine a model of majority rule in which alternatives are described by two characteristics: (1) their position in a standard,
left-right dimension, and (2) their position in a good-bad dimension, over which voters have identical preferences. I show
that when voters’ preferences are single-peaked and concave over the first dimension, majority rule is transitive, and the majority’s preferences are identical to the median voter’s.
Thus, Black’s (The theory of committees and elections, 1958) theorem extends to such a “one and a half” dimensional framework.
Meanwhile, another well-known result of majority rule, Downs’ (An economic theory of democracy, 1957) electoral competition
model, does not extend to the framework. The condition that preferences can be represented in a one-and-a-half-dimensional
framework is strictly weaker than the condition that preferences be single-peaked and symmetric. The condition is strictly
stronger than the condition that preferences be order-restricted, as defined by Rothstein (Soc Choice Welf 7:331–342;1990). 相似文献
16.
Marriage matching and gender satisfaction 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Vicki Knoblauch 《Social Choice and Welfare》2009,32(1):15-27
The performance of the Gale–Shapley marriage matching algorithm (Am Math Mon 16:217–222, 1962) has been studied extensively
in the special case of men’s and women’s preferences random. We drop the assumption that women’s preferences are random and
show that , where R
n
is the men’s expected level of satisfaction, that is, the expected sum of men’s rankings of their assigned mates, when the
men-propose Gale–Shapley algorithm is used to match n men with n women. This is a step towards establishing a conjecture of Knuth (Mariages Stables et leurs relations avec d’ autres problémes
combinatoires, 1976, CRM Proceedings and Lecture Notes, Vol 10, 1997) of 30 years standing. Under the same assumptions, we
also establish bounds on the expected rankings by women of their assigned mates. 相似文献
17.
A competitive rent-seeking club (CRSC) offers its members the chance of winning a prize (status, position, privilege) by being
selected, typically, by a civil servant or a politician. The selector replaces in our setting the usual contest success function;
instead of determining the winner on the basis of the club-members’ efforts, he selects the winner on the basis of quality.
This article focuses on the effect of incomplete search of the selector on the efficiency of democratic self-governing and
decentralized RSC’s that control admittance to the club and its transparency, assuming that quality of their members is fixed.
The incomplete search of the selector is assumed to take the simple form of fixed random sampling of the contestants—the members
of the CRSC. Our results imply that, even when active rent-seeking expenditures are disregarded, the decisions of CRSC’s regarding
their composition and transparency tend to reduce quality and are therefore inefficient. 相似文献
18.
Kay Stratton 《Journal of Labor Research》1989,10(1):119-134
The International Typographical Union, long cited as the one deviant case to Michel’s “iron law of oligarchy,” is examined
thirty years afterUnion Democracy to determine whether or not democracy can survive in the face of today’s hostile environment. An analysis of events occurring
within the union as well as the results of a case study of a large ITU local indicate that an unfavorable environment poses
unavoidable challenges to democracy.
The author thanks Ed Gross, Phil Kienast, Dennis Quinn, Terry Mitchell, Bob Aulerich, and Northwest Typographical Union #99
for assistance at various stages of this research. 相似文献
19.
Andrew T. Carswell 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2009,30(4):339-356
Pre-purchase homeownership counseling is a social service for low- to moderate-income households intent on becoming first-time
homeowners. Despite the record number of low- and moderate-income households achieving first-time homeownership over the past
decade, there is little research on housing counseling’s effectiveness, in terms of long-term positive financial behaviors.
In addition, the research community has traditionally adhered to a proscribed definition of success within programs, which hinders evaluative efforts. This paper examines whether counseled borrowers have experienced financial
behavior changes within 5 years after having purchased a home. There were mixed results regarding overall financial behavior
changes. Agency identity had little influence on some counselees’ behaviors, while counseling agency characteristics had some
limited effects on client behaviors. 相似文献
20.
W. E. Williams 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(2):191-203
Conclusion Long before the international climate of opinion made South Africa’s system of legalized racial discrimination untenable,
it was under attack from within. A tiny part of that struggle was waged on moral grounds by decent South Africans both white
and nonwhite. The much larger part of the war was waged not on moral grounds but on the economic battlefield where the stakes
were profit and losses. As W. H. Hutt so aptly points out, the major disadvantages of apartheid were borne by South Africa’s
nonwhite population, but the disadvantage was shared by whites as well. As such it produced widespread tensions leading to
resistance, evasion, contravention, and modi-fication of apartheid law. Often evasion and contravention of apartheid law was
led by the very people who shared the ideology of white supremacy. The final abolition of apartheid law may indeed reflect
a change in heart by South African whites but the coup de grace was, as Hutt put it, the liberating forces “released by what is variously called the ‘free market system,’ the ‘capitalist
system,’ or the ‘profit system.’” 相似文献