Developments in the Study of Confucianism on the Mainland of China in Recent Years

I.AttitudesTowardsthe"ConfucianismCraze"AnincreasingnumberofstudiesonConfucianismhavebeenconductedonthemainlandinrecentyears,andthereisevensomethingofa"craze"forConfucianism.Papershavebeenreadatlargesymposia,journalshavebeenpublished,lectureshavebeengiven…     

A Review of the Psychology of Aesthetics in China in the 20th Century

Ｔｈｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙｏｆａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓｉｓａｎｉｎｔｅｒ ｄｉｓｃｉｐｌｉｎａｒｙｓｕｂｊｅｃｔｌｉｎｋｉｎｇａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓａｎｄｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙ .Ｔｈｅｔａｒｇｅｔｏｆｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｉｎｔｈｅｐｓｙｃｈｏｌｏｇｙｏｆａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｓｉｓｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃｅｘｐｅｒｉｅｎｃｅ (ｄａｓ ｓｔｈｅｔｉｓｃｈｅＥｒｌｅｂｎｉｓ) ,ａｎｄｉｎｃｌｕｄｅｓａｅｓｔｈｅｔｉｃａｐｐｒｅｃｉａｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｒｔｉｓｔｉｃｃｒｅａｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａ…     

A Study of the "Purge" of the Guomindang in Nanjing in 1927

In order to resist the measures taken by the Wuhan government to weaken their power, the Nationalists in Nanjing represented by Jiang Jieshi began in the spring of 1927 to use underworld forces to indirectly seize party and administrative power in the areas under their control. After repeated consultations with some of the founding members of the Guomindang, Jiang Jieshi, motivated by the desire to establish a separate central organ and to legitimize his own position, launched the so-called "purge" marked by the April Twelfth Massacre. After realizing     

Changes in the Model of Social Prevention of AIDS in China

China has adopted a series of new decisions and important measures against AIDS since 2003 and tactics seen by the international community as effective in reducing the risk of AIDS are also beginning to receive policy support from the Chinese government. However, we need further investigation of     

The Adaptability of Ancient Loulan People to the Environment-Cultural Implications of the Discovery of Ephedra in Tombs in the Lop Nor Region

TheLoulanwereanancienttribeinhabitingtheLopNorregionofXinjiang.Chineseephedrahasoftenbeendiscoveredduringthearchaeologicalexcavationoftombsdatingbacksome3,800yearsintheregion.Ⅰ.ABriefAccountoftheDiscoveryofEphedrainTombsSincethebeginningofthiscentury,manyChineseandoverseasscholarshavevisitedtheancientLoulancityofLopNorandadjacentareasasmembersofscientificexpeditions,archaeologicalsurveysandexcavations.AurelSteinfromBritain,SvenA.Hedin,andFolkeBergmanfromSwedenandarchaeologistsfromthe…     

Three Key Issues in the Reform of the Judicial System in China

中国当前的司法改革并没有如决策者所希望的那样,成为提升法院与法官公信力的有效手段,反而在某些方面加剧了己有的弊病,甚至导致新的弊病产生。就作为整个社会变革的一部分的法院改革而言,因为中国缺乏应有的现代宪政环境,再加上法官缺乏专业的训练,使得在是否加强司法独立这个问题上产生怪圈。因此,有关现代司法以及现代政府建构的基本道理的更全面、更深入的传播具有不可替代的重要性。在法官的遴选机制上,目前成文的法律和规章已经有了适度的改善,然而依然留下了变通的实施可能,法官的任命在很多时候成为一个政治问题和任务。由此而推动的司法统一考试的实施也许能使得司法人员的素质有所改善,并可能积极影响法律共同体的形成。另外一个关键的问题是法院管理制度的改革。其改革目标是尽量地促使法院非行政化,确保法院内部机构设置及其职权的合理化、法官个人独立地位的保障以及上下级法院之间关系的理顺等。这些问题的妥善解决与否,既是对中国法律人的挑战,也是机遇。     

Viewing the Socialist Market Economy in the Light of the Dual Nature of Labor

Thesocialistmarketeconomyisaneweconomicforminthehistoryofmankind.Inordertounderstandthecomplexrelationshipswithinthesocialistmarketeconomy,IbelieveonemustgraspthemostbasicandimPortantprincipleofhistoricalmaterialism,thatis,Marx'sconceptofthedualnatureoflabor.Anydiscussionofthistopicmuststartwiththesocializationofman'slabor.Inthedifferenthistoricalstagesofthedevelopmentofsocialproductionforces,thesocialnatureoflabormanifestsindifferentforms.Inanaturaleconomy,sociallaboristobefoundwithinthenar…     

The System of Succession in the Mansion of Confucius

TheMansionofDukeYansheng(popularlycalledtheMansionofConfucius)atQufuinShandongprovinceprovidesthemostcompleteandtypicalexampleforthestudyoffamilyhistory.ThesystemofsuccessionintheMansionofConfuciusisincorporatedintoanintegratedinteriorthatcentersaroundDukeYanshengandcoverstheoffspringofhiscloserelatives,aswellasordinarymembersofthecIan.ThisessaywillfocusonthesuccessionoftheclanpedigreeandtheinheritanceofpropertyduringtheMingandQingdynasties.I.SuccessionofClanPedigreeThesuccessionofthecl…     

On the Politics and Participation in the Development of Urban Communities in China

本文对２０世纪９０年代以来中国城市普遍开展的社区建设的性质进行了分析,指出城市社区建设在社会组织方式和社会管理模式转换中的作用,认为城市社区建设是一个复杂的经济、政治和社会过程。文章分析了经济因素对社区建设的重要意义,认为社区建设需要经济的支持,但社区服务所产生的经济收益并不能有效地支持社区建设的开展,政府和企业应该对之给予更多投入。社区建设有丰富的政治内涵。政府力图通过社区建设实现社会管理体制的转变,同时又要保持社会的稳定。由于中国的市民社会发育缓慢,因此,社区建设的政治目标的实现面临着挑战。文章认为社区建设的重要目的是形成新的社会团结,而广泛的社区参与是不可忽略的环节。     

Inequality in the welfare state? Local variation in care of the elderly – the case of Sweden

This article uses Sweden as an example to describe and analyse municipal variation in services and care for elderly people. Responsibility for these services lies with the municipalities. National statistical data on municipalities are analysed to map out the variations in old-age care; to study compensating factors in the care system; and to explore the connection with municipal structural and political conditions. The overall finding of the bivariate analyses was that most relations with structure and policy were weak or non-existent. The final multivariate model explained only 15% of the variance. The large differences between municipalities makes it more appropriate to talk about a multitude of 'welfare municipalities' rather than one single welfare state. The article concludes that this municipal disparity constitutes a greater threat to the principle of equality in care of the elderly than gender and socio-economic differences.     

Changes in Gender Structure During the Process of De-agriculturalization in Rural Areas South of the Changjiang River

I. BackgroundSince the 1980s China has been experiencing a rapid transformationin rural areas brought about by de-agriculturalization. Non-farm producein the rural areas in Jiangsu, a province with a high degree of deagriculturalization, accounted for 85% of the total social product of theseareas in 1995. In southern Jiangsu, e. g., Wuxi prefecture, the figurewas as high as 96. 1%. 1 Non-farm industries have replaced traditionalagriculture as the leading industries in rural areas.The proces…     

Boundary Markers in the Balancing of Interests

1. Major forms of misuse of the bal-ancing of interestsMisuse of the balancing of interests isexpressed in two main forms. The first in-volves "misuse due to lack of integral bal-ancing of the structure of interests." That isto say, in the course of interest balancing,     

A Milestone in the Development of the Philosophy of Value-Deng Xiaoping's Important Contribution to the Philosophy of Value

Thephilosophyofvalueemergedasanewbranchofphilosophyinthelate19th-early2Othcentury.Intheonehundredorsoyearsofitshistoryithashobbledalongarough,bumpyroad,andhasexertedlittleinfluenceonthedevelopmentofinternationalphilosophy.Thisisduetomanyfactors,themostimportantofwhichisthecomplexityinherentinthequestionofvalue.Noanswerswerefoundforalongtimetothefollowingquestions:1.Theessenceofvalue.Whatisvalue?Howcanitbedefined?Howshouldweunderstandtheessenceofvalue?2.Theevaluationofvalue.Howdoweevaluateva…     

The Significance of the Appearance and Development of Ci Poetry in the History of Poetry

I.LocatingCiintheHistorVofthePoeticGenresTraditionalviewsandresearchonci(poetrywrittentocertaintuneswithstricttonalpatternsandrhymeschemesinfixednumbersofwordsandlines)haveinvariablyfocusedonthegenrefromtheperspectiveofthehistoryofmusic,comparingciasanartisticformwithqu.Acomprehensiveexaminationoftheindependentpositionofciinthehistoryofpoetryandtheessentialfeaturesofciasapoeticgenrehasstillnotbeenundertaken.Thereisonlyahistoricalratherthanalogicalexplanationofwhypoetryevolvedintoci-Inordert…     

On the Trends of Modernization in the Early Qing Period

ＴｈｅｉｓｓｕｅｏｆｍｅｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｉｓａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔｔｈｅｍｅｔｈａｔｈａｓａｔｔｒａｃｔｅｄｅｘｔｅｎｓｉｖｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎｆｒｏｍａｃａｄｅｍｉｃｃｉｒｃｌｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｎｒｅｃｅｎｔｙｅａｒｓ.ＩｔｓｈｏｕｌｄｂｅｓａｉｄｔｈａｔｓｔｕｄｙｉｎｇｔｈｅｈｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｓｏｃｉｅｔｙｉｎｔｈｅＭｉｎｇａｎｄＱｉｎｇｄｙｎａｓｔｉｅｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｉｚａｔｉｏｎｈａｓｂｒｏｋｅｎ…     

Poetic Interest in the Chuanqi Tales of the Tang Dynasty

IPoetrywasthehighestformofspirituallifeoftheTangdynasty(618-907).TheanecdotesconcerningthepoetLiBai'sbohemianlifedevotedtopoetryandwine,combinedwithhiscontemptforauthority,wellillustratetheesteemaccordedpoetsintheTangperiod.DuFuinhispoem"YinzhongBaxiange"(SongoftheEightWine-drinkingImmortals)wroteofhimself:EvenwhentheEmperorsummonedhimforboating,hedeclined,Declaringhispreferenceforaboutofwine!Tangcaizizhuan(StoriesofTalentedScholarsoftheTangDynasty)recordshowthepoetLiBaiduringadrinkin…     

Review of the Re-building of Sociology and Anthropology in China

Ｉ.“ＣｕｌｔｕｒａｌＣｏｎｓｃｉｏｕｓｎｅｓｓ”ａｎｄＨｉｓｔｏｒｉｃａｌＲｅｓｐｏｎｓｉｂｉｌｉｔｙｏｆＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＳｃｈｏｌａｒｓ　　Ｔｅｎｙｅａｒｓａｇｏ ,ＩｗａｓａｓｋｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎｔｏｓｐｅａｋａｔｔｈｅＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｙｍｐｏｓｉｕｍｏｎｔｈｅＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆＩｎｆａｎｔｓａｎｄＣｈｉｌｄｒｅｎｉｎｔｈｅ 2 1 ｓｔＣｅｎｔｕｒｙ .Ｅｖｅｒｓｉｎｃｅｔｈｅｎ ,Ｉｈａｖｅｂｅｅｎｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇａｂｏｕ…     

Analyses of the “Problem” of AIDS in China

艾滋病在中国并不是一个简单的疾病流行的问题,而是具有中国独特性的社会问题,且是后于某些社会问题而出现的,因而具有相当鲜明的社会选择倾向。其危害也不仅仅指向个体生命,而是危及社会发展的根本理念。本文分析了艾滋病“问题”在中国的建构过程,指出对此“问题”认知过程中产生的学理冲突既影响到有关政策的制定,又反过来建构了艾滋病“问题”的现状。据此,作者提出应从建设社区与社区的文化机制、流动人口的社会组织化、重新认识与定位青少年等方面入手,把艾滋病“问题”从危机转化为契机,推动建设和谐社会的进程。     

An Analysis of the Cost of Industrial Products in China

Sincetheintroductionofreformin1978,China'sindustrialproductionhasforgedaheadataraterarelyseeninthemodernworld.Atthesametime,thespiralingcostofindustrialproductshasinevitablycausedgreatconcern.Thispaperwillexaminefromamacro-economicperspectivewhycostshavec…     

Land Enfeoffment and the Emergence of Feudalism in India in the Early Middle Ages

Fromaworldhistoricalperspective,whenproductiondevelopedtoacertainlevelundertheslavesystem,contradictionsemerged,andstrugglesbetweensocialproductiveforcesandtherelationsofproduction,andbetweentheeconomicbasisandthesuperstructure,ensued.Asaresult,theslavesystemwasbroughttoanendandfeudaIismaroseinitsplaceindifferentcountriesandregions.FeudalismhaditsownsPecificformsandfolloweddifferentpathsoftransitionfromslavery.Thisessaywillexaminethequestionofhowfeudalismgraduallyformedthroughenfeoffmentinvar…