质性研究与管理学科建设:基于工商人类学的思考

基于对国内管理学研究方法的反思,分析了偏重于“定量”的问题,同时对社会科学中经典的质性研究方法进行简要梳理,提出了加深对质性研究方法认识的必要性.科学研究的本质在于创新,原则是去伪存真,不应被研究方法桎梏.在对主流质性研究方法梳理的基础上,对人类学分支学科工商人类学进行综述.基于此,明确工商人类学在管理本土化过程中的重要作用.     

Data Mining for Network Intrusion Detection: A Comparison of Alternative Methods*

Intrusion detection systems help network administrators prepare for and deal with network security attacks. These systems collect information from a variety of systems and network sources, and analyze them for signs of intrusion and misuse. A variety of techniques have been employed for analysis ranging from traditional statistical methods to new data mining approaches. In this study the performance of three data mining methods in detecting network intrusion is examined. An experimental design (3times2x2) is created to evaluate the impact of three data mining methods, two data representation formats, and two data proportion schemes on the classification accuracy of intrusion detection systems. The results indicate that data mining methods and data proportion have a significant impact on classification accuracy. Within data mining methods, rough sets provide better accuracy, followed by neural networks and inductive learning. Balanced data proportion performs better than unbalanced data proportion. There are no major differences in performance between binary and integer data representation.     

Complexity Factors and Intuition-based Methods for Facility Network Design

Logistics managers frequently utilize decision support systems (DSS) to make facility network design decisions. Many DSS do not provide optimization capabilities, but instead rely on scenario evaluation as a means for developing solutions. We experimentally assessed the performances of decision makers, including experienced managers, who used four variants of a scenario evaluation-based DSS to solve realistically sized network design problems of varying complexities. Complexity factors included DSS attributes, problem size, network types, and demand dispersion patterns. Decision makers' performances were assessed relative to optimal solutions. Overall, the decision makers generated relatively high-quality solutions using the DSS variants. The type of design problem solved did not significantly impact problem-solving performance. However, performance degraded and variability in solution quality escalated as problem size was increased. The availability of incremental solution cost improvement cues in the DSS significantly improved solution quality and reduced performance variability. Iconic graphic enhancements to the DSS did not consistently affect performance. However, significant interactions existed among the effects of DSS graphics capabilities, DSS information cues, and problem attributes.     

资源外包网络的进化:一个社会网络的分析方法

资源外包网络的形成并非一蹴而就,而是一个渐进演化的过程,且在很大程度上是在企业社会资本的推动和结构孔的拉动共同作用下实现的。企业社会资本作用的发挥以信任为媒介加以传递,而结构孔的拉动作用更多地表现为位置优势,包括信息优势和控制优势。论文运用社会网络分析工具分别从企业的社会资本和结构孔两个角度剖析资源外包网络进化的特点和作用机理,并以丰田公司为例开展了案例分析。     

质性研究的科学哲学基础与若干常见缺陷——中国企业管理案例与质性研究论坛(2018)综述

本文对本届案例论坛的主题报告精华要点进行总结,重点阐述质性研究的科学哲学基础,包括本体论、认识论、人的本质和方法论等4个维度的基本假设,以及对社会的本质这个维度的假设,进而讨论了不同风格的案例与质性研究所属的不同范式间的差别。这是理解质性研究的本质,以及做出高质量研究的保障。此外,本文对论文发表中的常见缺陷进行了剖析,包括引言模糊乏味、研究动机不明或缺乏说服力、仅宣称研究情境独特却不论证、不同范式的质性研究之间的错配和缺乏对关键概念的定义等缺陷,并逐一给出改善建议。     

Eliciting Metaphor through Clean Language: An Innovation in Qualitative Research

This paper shows how an innovative method of questioning called Clean Language can enhance the authenticity and rigour of interview‐based qualitative research. We investigate the specific potential of Clean Language as a method for eliciting naturally occurring metaphors in order to provide in‐depth understanding of a person's symbolic world; despite substantial interest in metaphors in the field of organizational and management research there is a lack of explicit, systematic methods for eliciting naturally occurring metaphors. We also demonstrate how Clean Language can improve qualitative research more widely by addressing the propensity for researchers inadvertently to introduce extraneous metaphors into an interviewee's account at both data collection and interpretation stages. Data are presented from a collaborative academic–practitioner project in which Clean Language was used as a method of interviewing to elicit the metaphors of six mid‐career managers, relating to the way they experienced work–life balance. The first contribution of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of Clean Language for eliciting naturally occurring metaphors in order to provide in‐depth understanding of a person's symbolic world. The second contribution is to show how Clean Language can enhance the rigour and authenticity of interview‐based qualitative research more widely.     

Beyond Corporate Responsibility: Implications for Management Development

Since the mid‐1990s we have witnessed the rise of numerous constructive and positive activities aimed at developing or enhancing corporate responsibility and corporate citizenship as well as anti‐globalization and anticorporate activism. And, of course, in 2008, we witnessed the meltdown of financial markets and numerous financial institutions as well as some major companies teetering on the brink of collapse. What is actually needed to create the world that many people want to live in may in fact be a new relationship between business and society, that is, new ways of looking at the corporation and its role in society, both in practice and in management education? We will argue that some initiatives, such as Corporation 2020, have already begun to explore these issues by taking a more holistic perspective on different purposes and roles of the corporation in the future. Management education, which has been severely criticized in the aftermath of the economic crisis, has an important role to play, but in a changed form. Implications for leadership and management education include the need to shift cognitive, moral, and emotional levels of development, renewed emphasis on balance both individually and socially, a less is more sensibility, a holistic systems perspective, and shifting the purpose of the firm to encompass not just shareholder needs, but also societal, stakeholder, and ecological needs and interests. In this article we explore some of the ways in which these attributes might be engendered in future leaders, at least in those management development and education programs interested in fostering a new wave of progressive leadership in management for the future.     

运用结构化的数据分析方法做严谨的质性研究——中国企业管理案例与质性研究论坛(2019)综述

本文聚焦于质性研究的数据分析方法,主要是基于本届论坛的两个主旨报告,重点阐述结构化的数据分析方法,包括其数据结构的科学哲学假设、本质特征和优势,以及具体应用过程。本文通过对一篇范文的深度分析说明,这个方法强调系统性呈现证据,便于新见解的涌现和理论构建,可在原始数据和结论间形成牢固的证据链,而且相对容易学习借鉴,可显著提升质性研究的质量。此外,本文也对近年来案例论文中常见的3个缺陷进行了剖析,包括与文献对话不足、过度概念化,以及单案例的不当抽样问题。     

房屋租赁市场中租金的确定方法研究

随着我国房地产市场的重要组成部分房屋租赁市场的发展,加强租赁市场管理、理顺房屋租赁中的各方经济利益关系已成为急待解决的问题,而房屋租赁价格的确定是经济问题的核心.本文通过对租赁价格性质、构成要素、影响因素及估价原则的认识,对各种房屋租赁价格的估价方法进行了探讨,最后对各方法进行述评并指出实践中应注意的问题.     

Theory Development in Operations Management: Extending the Frontiers of a Mature Discipline via Qualitative Research

This invited paper discusses theory development in operations management. Many stellar researchers have made excellent contributions to theory development in our field. Operations management is a maturing discipline. Recently, theory driven empirical research has become common in top‐tier journals in our field. Impelled by this trend and due to the path dependency of research, in general, researchers have examined operations phenomena using theories from management and organizational science. How do we extend the frontiers of knowledge in our maturing discipline? How do we develop theories within the field of operations management? In examining some of the seminal ideas that have shaped our field, a common characteristic is that they relied on observational studies and conceptual reasoning. Is it time for us to stress the usefulness of qualitative research methods in our field? Could this lead to an intellectual renewal in our field and extend the frontier of a maturing discipline? This paper explores these questions and advances the notion that qualitative analysis needs to be emphasized more than it has been in recent past. This paper is meant to provoke discussion among empirical researchers in operations management.     

一种新的企业市场预测模型及其比较研究

在介绍了基于L-R模糊数的预测模型的基础上,提出了基于ANFIS(Adaptive Neural Fuzzy Inference System)的市场预测模型.并通过实例进行了比较分析,结果表明,对准确度要求高的市场预测利用ANFIS具有明显的优越性.     

Beyond Transparency: Information Overload and a Model for Intelligibility

The role and evaluation of the modern corporation is being challenged by multiple stakeholders, changing markets and public expectations. Unfortunately, corporate governance, regulation and accounting have played a prominent role in business failure for the past decade resulting in a growing lack of public confidence in our markets. We present a new model that contributes to improving the quality of corporate information by providing not more, but better information through increased intelligibility of overall information, benefiting both the firm and its broad array of stakeholders. It has become apparent that boards, management and regulators have been unable to cope with the rise of business failures by adding increasing layers of regulation that have often served only to exacerbate the complexity and further cloud the transparency of needed information. We have identified a growing number of forward‐thinking firms that have found alternative means to provide betterinformation and strengthen their companies. We offer a stakeholder‐centric model for improving information intelligibility based upon the extensive scope and variety of external input derived from the growing social movement organizations. With the added focus on intelligibility, these groups can help foster greater corporate responsibility, meaningful transparency, increased stakeholder benefits, and improved overall performance of the firm.     

Empowered Learners: The New Paradigm for 2000 and Beyond

In the fast-growing new technology-based industrial landscape in the UnitedStates, companies have had to face a major problem. Many job applicants havehad such a poor educational preparation that many companies are required tooffer remedial courses in the basic subjects to ensure employee readiness forsuch positions. Many times, however, the educational approach taken bycompanies is very similar to that which was taken by the schools which havefailed these employees – the typical `chalk and talk' approach. Thisarticle suggests an alternative approach to employee education. Thisresearch-based theory states each individual learns in a unique way which canbe diagnosed and utilized to ensure maximum educational effectiveness. Thisapproach has already been employed in a high school setting, and the resultssupport this approach. The theory is not predicated on school-age studentsalone, hence a transition to the workforce is entirely credible, to thebenefit of companies and individuals alike.