坚持党的群众路线与扩大党内民主建设的理论思考

以党的先进性、纯洁性与执政能力建设为主线,不断推进党内民主制度建设,是推动社会主义民主政治建设的基本动力。因此,应该全面、深刻、深入地认识党内民主制度建设的重要性和迫切性。在推进党内民主制度建设过程中,要正确认识四对主要关系,即党内民主理论创新与深化民主建设实践的关系、党内民主制度建设与党内民主文化建设的关系、党内民主制度建设与党内思想教育的关系、党内民主与人民民主的关系等。推进党内民主制度建设,在本质上就是实践和贯彻党的群众路线。     

城市社区治理中推进协商民主的动力分析

本文从城市社区协商民主发展的时代价值出发,分析了城市社区协商民主在协商制度完善、协商主体优化、协商平台拓展以及协商成果运用方面存在的不足,提出推进城市社区协商民主发展的领导动力、制度动力以及理论动力。     

协商民主的风险及其化解

协商民主的优与劣并举,安全与风险共存.协商民主具有内在风险和潜在风险.内在风险表现为:异化民主的主体、背离民主的内容、伤及民主的价值、破坏民主的程序和扭曲民主的决策;潜在风险表现为强化精英主义民主、变成传统好人政治、导致网络暴民参与、降低政治运转效率和损害弱势群体利益.因此,在中国,要想化解协商民主的风险,就必须加强党时协商民主的领导,形成完备的社会主义宪政体制,推进协商民主的制度化、程序化,构建选举与协商的双轨民主模式,建立协商民主风险的预誓机制.     

深圳在干部工作中扩大民主的突破与进展

以党内民主推动社会民主、以党内和谐带动社会和谐,是党内民主建设的重要内涵;保持党的民主性先进品格,创新党内民主制度,是发展党内民主的题中之义。而在干部工作中扩大民主是大力推进党内民主建设的重要内容。深圳在这方面做了不少有益的探索,但仍需进一步创新该项制度,以此来推动深圳各项工作开展。     

国内外关于协商民主的研究现状评介

实现公民与公民、公民与政府之间的讨论和协商,是民主政治的基本要素之一,也是协商民主的目标价值追求。国内外关于协商民主的研究如火如荼,协商民主理论的推进者通过回应协商民主在理论和实践中面临的规模、合法性和理性选择难题以及文化多元主义、社会不平等、社会复杂性等方面的挑战,为丰富协商民主理论做出了贡献。然而,在关于协商民主的基本内涵、研究视角、理论价值等方面则各有侧重和偏好。梳理、分析国内外学者对协商民主的研究视角和主要观点,可以为中国特色社会主义民主政治建设提供诸多有益思考。     

论西方协商民主理论的逻辑基础及启示

公共理性和西方政治文化传统是西方协商民主理论的逻辑基础.公共理性的建立与诉求的不成功,加之西方文化传统所导致的物质与文明(工具理性和价值理性)的价值分离,导致了西方协商民主的实际运作难以达到预期的成果.西方协商民主理论建构的逻辑基础决定了其理论的特点和表现形态.中国协商民主的建设和发展应在继承中国传统文化的基础上,适应时代发展的要求,确立其价值取向和价值定位,从而形成中国特色的协商民主模式.     

协商民主:农村基层民主建设的新范式

农村基层民主在我国有巨大的发展空间,因为我国广大农村地区民主传统欠缺,我们理应坚持积极、稳妥、渐进的原则,在进一步发展完善选举民主的同时,积极地引入和规范协商民主,推进农民政治参与的有序扩大,认真开展基层民主协商,实现选举民主与协商民主的良性互动,进一步完善基层民主制度。     

胡锦涛同志发展党内民主路径思想探析

胡锦涛同志高度重视党内民主建设,根据我国经济社会发展的阶段性特征,坚持进行党内民主理论创新、制度创新和实践创新,提出了一系列发展党内民主的新方法、新举措,全面提升了党内民主建设的质量和水平.梳理和探究胡锦涛同志发展党内民主路径思想,对总结和积累党内民主建设经验,丰富马克思主义政党民主理论,推进党的建设新的伟大工程,都具有十分重大的历史和现实意义.     

通过建立健全党内事务听证咨询制度提高党内民主建设的科学化水平

听证咨询制来源于西方的民主制度,是通过协商民主实现公民自由的一种重要制度。现阶段我国在公共服务、法制建设、民生建设等诸领域进行了听证咨询的实践,但是中共在党内事务中明确实行听证咨询是党的十七届四中全会通过的《关于加强和改进新形势下党的建设的若干重大问题的决定》中提出的。党内民主带动人民民主,人民民主又促进党内民主。党内事务听证咨询制度是人民民主促进党内民主的一个重大举措,也是推动、提高党内民主建设的科学化的重要制度安排。中共长期实行自上而下逐级管制的领导体制,党内缺乏听证咨询制度的民主传统,因而要真正建立健全党内事务听证咨询制需要明确党内事务听证咨询的范围、程序,实现从程序正义到结果正义,从而提高党内民主建设的科学化水平。     

协商民主与政治协商

协商民主是20世纪后期在西方兴起的一种民主理论,其核心概念是公共协商,强调对话、讨论、辩论、审议与共识。协商民主既肯定公民积极参与政治生活,又尊重国家与社会间的界限,力图通过完善民主程序、扩大参与范围、强调自由平等对话来消除冲突,保证公共理性和普遍利益的实现,以修正传统民主模式的缺陷和不足,所以具有规范意义和实践意义。协商民主的理论和实践不仅仅属于西方,中国也存在着不同形式的社会主义协商政治,但其中具有较成熟和完善制度架构的是以中国人民政治协商会议为平台的政治协商制度,它既有明显的优势,也面临着严峻挑战。为了发展和完善社会主义民主,应该完善政治协商,促进社会主义协商民主的发展。     

尊重党员主体地位是发展党内民主的现实路径

由中国共产党的性质所决定,党员是党组织的＂主人＂,是党的建设的主体和党内权力的源泉。尊重和保证党员在党内生活的主体地位,是党内民主建设的一个根本性问题。实践也证明,保证党员主体地位是党内民主的现实生长点,现阶段需要建立和完善党内民主制度和运行机制,为党员主体地位的落实和党内民主的持续性发展提供根本保障。     

共治民主：应对气候变化的民主模式初探

应对气候变化是一个特殊的公共领域。为应对气候变化,民族国家和国际政治都已经悄然发生并将继续发生调适性变化,这就是共治民主的形成。在这一人类活动领域,无论聚合民主还是协商民主,抑或一种局限于二者之中的参与民主概念,都不敷使用。共治民主是利益相关各方共同合作或自主实现公共利益的过程;它是共治定向的而非共识定向的;它是合作的,而非博弈的;它是社会的,而非政治的。     

The Role of Consultative Democracy under the Constitutional Framework and the Associated Rule of Law*

The logical sequence of China’s state governance is “governing party—consultative conferences—people’s congresses—the people.” The “governing party—consultative conferences” link in the chain involves political consultation through people’s consultative conferences. The “governing party—consultative conferences—people’s congresses” link involves a process of obtaining legitimacy for the Party’s views based on political consultations which are then translated into the national will by the system of people’s congresses. The “people’s congresses—the people” link involves the two-pronged logic of elections and governing the country according to law. The “governing party—the people” link is an illustration of the party’s mass line, which essentially involves social consultation. Consultative democracy usually includes the political consultation in the “governing party—consultative conferences” link and the social consultation in the “governing party—the people” link in the chain, both of which are connected through the system of people’s congresses. This logically determines the inner relations between the Party’s leadership, consultative democracy and the people’s congress form of representative democracy and shapes the institutionalization of consultative democracy. That is, in the process of democratic decision-making, a circular system consisting of “political consultation—legislative consultation—social consultation” is created to guide development of the actual system.     

The democratic challenges and potential of localism: insights from deliberative democracy

This article considers the democratic challenges and potential of localism by drawing on insights from the theory and practice of deliberative democracy. On a conceptual level, the ideas embedded in localism and deliberative democracy share much in common, particularly the democratic goal of engaging citizens in decisions that affect them. Despite such commonalities, however, there has been limited conversation between relevant literatures. The article considers four democratic challenges facing localism and offers a response from a systems perspective of deliberative democracy. It argues that, for localism to realise its democratic potential, new participatory spaces are required and the design of these spaces matters. Beyond structured participatory forums, local democracy also needs an active and vibrant public sphere that promotes multiple forms of democratic expression. This requires taking seriously the democratic contributions of local associations and social movements. Finally, the article argues that, to fulfil its democratic potential, localism needs to encourage greater democratic and political connectivity between participatory forums and the broader public sphere.     

Deliberative policy-making and its limitations: the case of the Charter of Human Rights for Seoul Citizens in South Korea

Recent criticism of representative liberal democracy has spurred democratic experiments involving citizen consultations in deliberative forums. However, more research is needed in order to understand the conditions necessary to make them work. The aim of this paper is to help mitigate this deficiency and at the same time contribute to an informed reflection over the specific conditions for deliberative democracy in Korea. The study focuses on a unique deliberative process organized in order to establish a Charter of Human Rights for Seoul Citizens. Several lessons from this democratic experiment are discussed. While the process worked surprisingly well, its legitimacy was questioned because of controversies over the representativeness of participants and the involvement of external stakeholders. Although a complete consensus was not reached, initially disrespectful attitudes changed within the process to a situation where diverging positions were better acknowledged. How ideas of deliberation can be implemented in real-world public policy-making is discussed based on these findings.     

自由主义民主与社会主义民主之比较分析

自由主义民主与社会主义民主无论是在理论上还是在实践上都经历了一个相当长的发展历程,尽管每一种民主形态都发生了一些变化,但其内核仍然延续下来,并形成了鲜明的特征。自由主义民主与社会主义民主表现出比较明显的冲突和对立,是完全不同类型的两种民主模式,其哲学基础、价值追求和实现形式等方面都有很大的差异。     

民主的两种批评者

在当代政治哲学中,人们主要从以下两个维度来定义民主：一种是以公共利益为基本导向的民主理论;另一种民主理论认为,在现代社会中,随着实质性的共同利益的消失和单一的群体性意志的不可能,民主不可能在以公共利益为基本导向的模式上建立起来,所以,它们认为＂多元＂和＂竞争＂才是民主的本质性特征。在这两种民主理论中,前者往往被认为是一种压迫性的、独裁性的民主理论;而后者则往往被认为有着重陷霍布斯状态的倾向。     

. . .and why there is no simple solution, but reasons for optimism

This article has three objectives. First, to apply the debate concerning deliberative or discursive democracy to the subject of social policy in order to renew and update the long-standing attempt to go beyond the paradigm of welfare-state capitalism. The 'crisis of universalism' is outlined and this is then explained in terms of the traditional welfare state's 'democratic deficit'. Second, to suggest that applying these debates reveals two paradoxes that bear implications not only for social policy but also for the entire project of discursive democracy. The first paradox refers to the need to combine proceduralist and pluralist theories of deliberative democracy, despite the ultimate irreconcilability of these philosophies. The second refers to the problem of social transition and the fact that democratisation and social equalisation require one other. The third objective is therefore to suggest that welfare traditionalists have nothing to fear from what are here called 'post-universalist' critiques.     

中国特色社会主义政党制度的创造性价值研究

中国特色社会主义政党制度是符合中国国情的社会主义政党制度,是马克思主义基本原理同中国国情相结合的产物。中国共产党与各民主党派共同创立的这一政党制度的创造性价值在于,它开创了中国式协商民主的新局面,开创了新型政党关系学说,具有西方政党制度无可比拟的优势。     

Working through disagreement in deliberative forums

Working through disagreement is a core deliberative activity, yet our knowledge of how disagreement exchanges unfold during deliberation is limited. This study analyzes this issue using eight National Issues Forums and a framework that identifies specific activities related to working through disagreement. Even though deliberators expressed opposing viewpoints during forums, there was minimal “working through” of these differences. Specific points of contention were not articulated clearly, causal logics were not critiqued, the accuracy and relevance of evidence went unexamined, and the relative costs and benefits of proposals were not compared. Even when disagreements were explored at length, the conversations often lacked explicit efforts at working through. These findings suggest that deliberative democracy scholars need to focus greater attention on factors that can promote or inhibit working through disagreements, as well as how participants’ approach to disagreement can influence whether desired deliberative outcomes are realized.