民间组织在艾滋病防治中的作用

民间组织具有独立性、灵活性、大众性、公益性等特点,在艾滋病防治领域发挥着重要的作用。本文分析了民间组织在艾滋病防治中的主要作用,探讨了民间组织发展中面临的困境,提出了民间组织参与艾滋病防治工作的对策建议。     

论艾滋病防治的全球治理：基于全球基金的例证

全球化促进各国经济增长的同时,也带来了艾滋病的全球扩散,对艾滋病防治模式提出了新的挑战。全球治理以其跨国界行为主体、共同价值基础、多元权力结构以及善治目标的优势,成为全球艾滋病防治的最新途径。全球基金成功运作的经验充分证明,要实现艾滋病全球防治的目标,必须构建公共卫生的全球治理机制,促进各国政府艾滋病防治模式的转变,推动全球各类企业积极履行社会责任,提升国际和国内非政府组织的能力建设,并发挥其应有作用。     

全国民政系统艾滋病防治知识视频讲座

民政部作为国务院防治艾滋病委员会办公室成员单位,认真履行职能,在艾滋病防治尤其是受艾滋病影响儿童救助安置方面取得了一定成绩。为进一步落实《民政部遏制与防治艾滋病行动五年工作计划（2006～2010）》,加强艾滋病防治宣传工作,2008年2月26日民政部通过视频举办了民政系统艾滋病防治知识讲座。讲座的主要内容是当前艾滋病在我国流行的趋势和防治策略,     

中国民间组织外交:历史溯源与现实反思

随着全球化程度的不断加深,民间组织的价值和作用日益凸显,它不仅在国内服务于政府的社会治理,在对外关系上也是政府的得力助手。作为中国总体外交重要组成部分的民间组织外交虽经历了半个多世纪的辉煌发展,然其发展水平与外交强国的目标诉求相比仍有较大差距。随着全球化浪潮的兴起,民间组织在国际事务和跨国事务中的作用和影响越来越引人注目,可以说已经到了不能被忽视的地步,不管是官办民间组织、半官办民间组织,还是民办民间组织,都在国际交往中发挥着越来越重要的作用。     

市场化、民间组织与公共治理

20世纪90年代以来,中国社会发生了深刻变化,其中一个重要表现就是民间组织的崛起。目前中国的民间组织可分为垄断性民间组织、垄断—自治性民间组织和自治性民间组织。从性格上看,民间组织具有依附性、等级制、参与性、次公共性、自治性和间接性。从治理功能上看,民间组织具有执行、合作、制约、置换等功能,由于民间组织与政府的关系不同,因此其治理功能也存在一定的差别。为发挥民间组织在治理中的积极作用,政府应该在民间组织的发展、自主性、民间性等方面采取一些必要措施。     

论民间组织在构建和谐社会中的地位和作用

多年的社会管理实践充分证明,随着民间组织功能的进一步提升和完善,民间组织化解社会矛盾、整合社会冲突、维护社会稳定、实现社会相对和谐的功能,越来越被社会所认同。本文就民间组织在构建社会主义和谐社会中的作用以及如何进一步发展民间组织进行探讨,旨在更好地发挥民间组织的作用,为我国经济和社会发展做出积极贡献。     

按照“三个代表”的要求 抓好民间组织的培育发展和监督管理

按照“三个代表”的要求 ,民政部门作为政府管理民间组织的职能部门 ,要切实抓好民间组织的培育发展和监督管理 ,就必须以“三个代表”为指导 ,培育发展一批民间组织。同时 ,严格按照“三个代表”的要求 ,切实加强民间组织的监督管理工作。以“三个代表”为指针 ,培育发展民间组织。改革开放以来 ,我国民间组织发展很快 ,已成为机关、企业、事业单位之外的又一社会法人组织。在政治、经济、文化、科技和国际交往等领域发挥着越来越广泛的积极作用。党中央、国务院非常重视民间组织在社会主义现代化建设中的作用 ,把民间组织视为在建立社会主…     

中外报刊拾缀

巴西政府防治结合 对抗艾滋病 近年来,巴西政府在与艾滋病 的斗争中,采取宣传、预防和治疗 相结合的方针,取得了显著的成效, 艾滋病病毒感染人数和艾滋病导致 的死亡人数均有所下降。巴西在抗 艾滋病工作中取得的成就得到联合     

图片报道

2007年9月3日,为加强艾滋病防治的宣传教育工作,提高公众对艾滋病防治的认知和防御能力,消除社会歧视,卫生部新闻办公室与国际行动援助中国办公室在民政部多功能厅举办了"我们在一起——艾滋病防治摄影图片     

南宁市老年人艾滋病疫情遏制与防治研究

近年来,南宁市艾滋病病毒携带者/病人虽然仍以20⁴0岁人群为主体,但是老年人携带者/病人的比例较其他年龄层的增长速度更快,艾滋病疫情老龄化趋势明显。尽管南宁市对老年人艾滋病防治工作采取了多种举措,健全了多项机制,但是具有针对性和特殊性的长效工作机制仍缺乏,加之老年人群体在意识上的欠缺,导致南宁市老年人艾滋病的防治工作成效仍不明显。对此,专门研究探讨针对南宁市老年人艾滋病疫情遏制与防治的对策、方法就显得尤为紧迫和必要。     

Transferring HIV/AIDS Related Healthcare from Non‐governmental Organizations to the Public Healthcare System in South Africa: Opportunities and Challenges

Almost two decades after the transition to a post‐apartheid regime, South Africa is still high‐ranking in the incidence of chronic diseases like tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, diabetes and hypertension. This article explores the transition from HIV/AIDS related healthcare offered by internationally supported non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) in rural areas to the inclusion of this healthcare into the public healthcare system. This transition is part of a wider process that represents the exact reverse of healthcare reforms in Western industrialized countries. Instead of a transition from public healthcare to privatized or marketized healthcare, the transition in South Africa is from partly private healthcare to a public healthcare system in which the private commercial health sector as well as all services provided by NGOs will be integrated. In that process, many obstacles obscure intended outcomes, such as equal access to healthcare. Some obstacles are evident in the case studies of two internationally supported NGOs in the field of HIV/AIDS healthcare. We will conclude that governance structures of public and private NGO‐based healthcare are often difficult to integrate; implementation timelines and priorities do not always coincide; and the public healthcare system is still too weak to deliver good quality healthcare in rural areas without continued NGO support.     

新管理主义时代香港社会福利领域NGO之发展

全球第三部门正处在发展的十字路口,面临转型的挑战。本文运用个案研究方法,试图探讨20世纪90年代以来新管理主义如何影响香港社会福利领域NGO的发展。研究发现,尽管新管理主义的价值观已深植于NGO领域,但不同个案机构对其影响的回应不尽相同;组织的社会倡导价值对于市场化价值的妥协在本研究中虽有体现,但如何使商界更加关注社会福利的改善正日益成为香港NGO实践其倡导价值的新关注点。     

政党统合的力量:党、政治资本与草根NGO的发展:基于Z省H市的多案例比较研究

本文旨在探讨转型时期党对于草根NGO的独特影响机制。在整合前人相关研究的基础上,通过对Z省H市两个草根环保NGO的多案例比较,本文发现党对于NGO的影响存在一条与政府不同的独特机制。与传统资源视角和合法性视角所认为的不同,本文认为,党在拓宽资源渠道、增强政治合法性方面对于NGO的影响与政府相比并不存在显著优势,然而唯独党可以通过统合手段,从制度层面给予NGO领导人以政治身份,从而增强其政治资本、扩展其社会网络,为NGO的发展提供更加宽松的制度环境。这一点单一的政府部门难以企及。本文不仅深化了学术界对于国家-社会关系层面更加细致的理解,而且在更广泛层面暗示了与国家的紧密联系并不必然意味着NGO自主性的缺失。未来的研究应当将关注点放在这种关系对于公共治理所造成的实际影响,而非NGO的独立性和自主性本身。     

民间组织与现代民族国家之构建——1901-1949年中国工商行业性组织功能探析

在现代民族国家建设中,将从前在国家法律规范之外的会馆、公所、同业公会等民间组织纳入了国家控制的目标,并以辅助官治的名义获得了合法性,在近代中国地方社会治理中发挥了重要作用。然而,这些民间组织并非西方民族国家构建经验中的市民社会,而是中国现代国家构建的产物,与其西方的对应物发挥的功能大相径庭。近代中国精英组织网络在地方社会治理中发挥的功能,必须放在中国向现代民族国家转型的宏观视野下考察。在国家基础结构能力薄弱的背景下,国家采取了利用民间组织渗透和嵌入社会,以弥补国家基础性权力不足的策略。由此,国家实现了将合法性基础扩展到社会精英阶层、增强国家渗透能力、平衡社会动员和政治控制、增进国家绩效合理性、提高国家整合程度等目标。但这种利用民间组织构建国家主权的策略,却有着以下缺陷:政策执行效力不稳固;国家渗透能力和支持基础仅限于精英阶层;妨碍了公民权的形成;降低了民间组织的动员能力。最终,这种国家构建策略在新中国建立后被彻底改造旧的社会组织的策略所取代。     

Theory in the Bedroom: A Report from the Macquarie University AIDS and Heterosexuality Project

The political and social questions raised by AIDS/HIV are particularly complex ones, concerned as they are with changing the sexual practices of both the heterosexual and the homosexual population. In many ways these questions have tested the limits of orthodox policy-making processes. The Macquarie University ‘AIDS and Heterosexuality’ project is one of a small number of research projects which have attempted both to analyse critically existing AIDS policy assumptions and to provide alternative conceptual methods for understanding the processes of changing sexual practices. The Macquarie University project is particularly concerned with the way that women have been represented within mainstream policy: this paper describes this representation and presents some alternative suggestions for understanding the place of women in preventing transmission within the heterosexual population.     

社会工作团体的整合功能——论NGO介入公共危机管理的价值和途径

NGO作为社会力量的典型代表,在公共危机管理中的角色、地位、功能和内部管理机制等问题已经逐步进入理论研究视野。笔者认为,考虑到多数中国NGO浓厚的官方、半官方色彩和国外NGO的西方背景,在中国本土要建立起政府与NGO之间的危机管理协调机制,可以考虑以社会工作团体为扭结来整合NGO资源。社会工作团体介入公共危机管理可以有效地促成NGO间社会资源、人力资源、文化资源的整合,并推进实现政府与NGO之间合作互动的制度化、规范化。     

Enthusiasm crushed by apathy: the survival condition of the NGOs under a social management system in Mainland China

The Chinese government is currently endeavouring to establish a new social management system, with the participation of the government and different parties in society, among whom NGO participation in social management is considered the essential approach for social management system innovation. The post-disaster relief and reconstruction of the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 left an indelible mark in the developmental history of Chinese NGOs, and provides an opportunity for us to examine the survival condition of NGOs. For this paper, we use a qualitative research method to trace the four-year relief and reconstruction process of a severely afflicted township in Sichuan Province during the Wenchuan earthquake in 2008, and examine the work of NGOs at different stages of the post-disaster operation, the role that NGOs played during the relief and reconstruction process, and the survival conditions of NGOs in China's contemporary social management pattern. By analysing the obstacles that NGOs have encountered in the participation of social management, this paper offers suggestions for the innovation of the social management system.     

Resource platform,capacity building and social networking: a case study of NPI initiative

From the perspective of ‘state-society relations’, Chinese non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are commonly perceived as having a restrained and limited role in China and being subject to various degrees of government supervision. In recent years the third sector in China has gradually developed its own unique survival strategies. Although grassroots Chinese NGOs have increased rapidly, a majority of them face long-term sustainability, especially during the start-up period. In response to these needs, NPI Initiative is developed, drawing on the commercial concept of business incubators in providing comprehensive support to newly established NGOs. The paper first provides an overview of the current situation of NGO development in China. Second, it introduces NPI Initiative as a matrix organization of several supportive organizations, with a case example to illustrate the role and function of NPI in the incubation of selected Chinese NGOs. Third, it discusses how NPI has been functioning as a ‘bridge’ between government organizations and grassroots NGOs.     

Non‐Governmental Organizations' Role for Social Capital and Community Empowerment in Community Development: Experience from Bangladesh

The purpose of this study was to investigate contributions by non‐governmental organizations (NGOs) to social capital and community empowerment that facilitate community development. A multi‐method research approach was conducted, where a number of qualitative data collection methods were employed. Data was collected from two indigenous communities, goldsmith and blacksmith, served by two NGOs—Proshika and Practical Action Bangladesh (PAB). The findings showed that both NGOs played a substantial role in social capital development and community empowerment toward community development. The findings of this study will provide valuable input to the community development field.