高校国家助学金的实施状况与反思——基于四川省某高校的实证研究

国家助学金是高校教育救助的一项重要内容,在救助家庭经济困难学生、缓解教育贫困上发挥着越来越重要的作用。但是,在实际实施与运行过程中,存在着许多问题,如何合理、公正地评定助学金,如何禁止助学金抵交学费等问题已成为社会关注的热点。本文以四川省某高校为例,对助学金进行解析,以期助学金制度能够进一步完善和发展。     

云南高校生涯教育的现状及对策初探

生涯教育对学生具有非常重要的作用,笔者通过分析调研数据,发现目前云南高校生涯教育存在重视程度不一、发展水平不一和专业团队欠缺三大问题.如何解决云南高校生涯教育方面存在的两个"不一"、一个"欠缺"问题,可以从上下一盘棋、把生涯教育落到实处,省校合力、推进高校生涯教育队伍专业化,师生共建、促进高校生涯教育全程化三方面来促进...     

基于职业生涯规划下的高校大学生思想政治教育研究

随着市场经济的不断发展,社会对大学生的要求越来越高,特别是近些年来随着高校不断扩招,当前大学生的就业形势日益严峻。面临这种形势,如何引导大学生树立正确的人生观、价值观,制定切合实际的就业目标,需要高校对大学生进行思想政治教育。而基于职业生涯规划下的高校大学生思想政治教育则是当前高校思想政治教育的一大突破。文章首先简述职业生涯规划与思想政治教育的相关内容;其次探讨当前高校思想政治教育中存在的问题;再次探究如何更好地以职业生涯规划为载体对大学生进行思想政治教育。最后在结论中指出探究基于职业生涯规划下的高校大学生思想政治教育的重要作用,以期更好地推动高校思想政治教育的实效性。     

论高校思想政治教育的困惑及对策

高校是培养各类人才的重要阵地，向社会培养四有新人，输送合格人才和优质人才是高校的价值目标。要实现这一崇高目的，做好青年教工和学生的思想政治教育工作则是非常重要的一个环节。然而，近年来，高校的思想政治教育的难度越来越大，思想政治教育者深感困惑。本文欲就目前高校思想政治教育面临的问题、产生的原因及其解决的对策作一分析论述。     

日本高校科技企业初创期的支援机制及启示

本文分析了日本初创时期的高校科技企业的支持机制,这些企业存在资金周转、市场开拓和人才培养等一系列问题,大学在创业教育型创业支持和的区域型创业支持方面有许多不足之处.如何解决这些问题对我国发展高校科技企业方面具有重要参考价值.     

地方应用型工科类高校推行工程教育专业认证研究

地方应用型工科类高校是我国高校的重要组成部分,担负着培养区域性人才的重要作用,既具有典型的行业性和区域性特征,也为工程教育专业认证提供支持。该文分析了地方应用型工科类高校推行工程教育专业认证的重要意义和存在的问题,提出了有针对性的对策和建议,对地方应用型工科类高校推行工程教育专业认证、提高人才培养能力具有一定借鉴意义。     

网络舆情视域下的高校思想政治教育

网络舆情是当前高校思想政治教育面临的一个重要课题。在网络舆情视域下,高校思想政治教育仍然存在着教师观念陈旧,教育内容滞后,教育手段单一;校园主题网站德育效果欠佳;思想政治教育监管机制不完善等问题,在此基础上提出了构筑网络教育阵地;更新教育观念;推进思想政治工作者的博客建设;开展大学生媒介素养教育;提高思想政治工作者的信息化素质等有效开展高校思想政治教育等对策。     

高校音乐教育与人的科学发展

音乐教育是全民素质教育的重要组成部分,多年来在取得一定发展的同时,尚存在着许多不适应时代要求的问题。因此,如何正确认识高校音乐教育对人的科学发展的重要性成为摆在音乐教育工作者面前的一个十分重要和紧迫的问题。     

高校经济困难学生帮扶对策研究

近些年来,高校经济困难学生数量日渐增多,问题日趋突出,已成为政府高度重视、社会普遍关注的热点问题之一,亟待研究解决。坚持"以学生为本、资助育人"的理念,把经济援助与思想教育、学业帮助和心理帮扶相结合,构建多元、立体、长效的帮扶机制,不仅可以帮助经济困难学生解决生活、学习和个人成长等各方面的问题,还可以对高校的稳定和整个社会的和谐发展产生积极的作用。     

从高校档案室现状探讨档案工作的创新方式

高校档案工作是高等学校改革、发展的重要基础工作。档案工作,如何准确定位,找准发展目标,适应形势并在教育国际化的环境中提高,这是摆在高校档案管理者面前的严峻课题。本文就此问题加以分析,并提出一些想法以期解决。     

Indeed: Cost of the NSERC Science Grant Peer Review System Exceeds the Cost of Giving Every Qualified Researcher a Baseline Grant

NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada) offers Discovery Grants averaging Can$30,000 to about 70% of its applicants. If the total budget for these grants were evenly divided amongst the 10,000 people qualified to apply, the average grant size would be Can$41,000. The additional costs of writing and reviewing grant applications in our previous analysis only serve to accentuate the loss of funds that could otherwise be spent on the research itself. Baseline grants for the early stages of research, to all qualified researchers, would significantly enhance innovation of Canadian scientists.     

Who Benefits Most from Financial Aid? The Heterogeneous Effect of Need‐Based Grants on Students' College Persistence*

Objectives. This study assesses whether need‐based grants are equally conducive to the college persistence of students from various economic strata and the extent to which a redistribution of funds can narrow economic‐based inequality in college persistence. Methods. To estimate the causal effect of need‐based grants on several persistence outcomes the discontinuity created in the dollar amounts of Pell grants when the students have siblings attending college is exploited. The analyses use a nationally representative sample of students enrolled at four‐year institutions in 1995. Results. While the allocation of Pell Grants responds to students' pecuniary constraints, institutional and state grants expand the circle of recipients to more well‐off students. Yet, it is only the persistence of students from the bottom half of the income distribution that is sensitive to aid amounts. If the need‐based funds granted to affluent students had been diverted to these students, the gap in first‐year persistence would have been closed. Conclusions. For a redistribution of funds to boost degree attainment and achieve equality of educational opportunity it must be based on stricter means‐tested allocations of nonfederal funds as they are the main source of need‐based aid.     

Old and Cold: Older People and Policies Failing to Address Fuel Poverty

Research, funded by the British Gas Help the Aged Partnership and carried out by the Institute of Gerontology, King's College London, explored the multidimensional issues of fuel poverty. A sample of older homeowners and private renters living in England, Scotland and Wales were interviewed in the Spring of 2003 to explore their experiences of keeping their homes warm in the preceding winter. It was found that almost half of the sample for whom full information was available were in fuel poverty. Government schemes failed to address some important issues. Grants were only available to those with “passport benefits”, excluding those who had minimal occupational pensions. Although most respondents had central heating, it was often old and ineffective, yet grants were not available to modernize them. Government schemes did not extend to paying for external and internal insulation for solid wall properties yet many older people live in such property. Several older people lived in rural areas not connected to mains gas. As mains gas currently provides the cheapest fuel, they faced high bills, yet government policies do not address the differential fuel costs in these areas. The culture of many older people in the study contributed to their living in cold homes. They lived frugally and usually turned heating off in daylight hours during winter. It was also a common practice to sleep in an unheated bedroom during winter and to keep the window open at night. Such practices are acknowledged to be unhealthy.     

Social welfare and social work: the meaning of poverty programs in Latin America

During the last decade, the concern about poverty has turned into a key issue in the government discourse, and participatory poverty programs have multiplied all over Latin America. Nevertheless, poverty and social unrest keep growing. The objective of this article is to explain this apparent paradox. First there is an analysis of the relationship between structural adjustment, the growth of poverty, and the reorientation of broad social policy away from social rights towards selective and targeted poor relief. In order to illustrate the content and operation of a typical Latin American poverty program, the Mexican National Solidarity Program is examined. The initial question posed is whether this program alleviates poverty and grants a social minimum for the poor in view of the magnitude of poverty, the quantity of resources and their allocation. Next the participatory approach of the program is analyzed in relation to the empowerment of poor groups and communities. Finally, there is a reflection on the place of social work in this program and how the role of the social worker has been transformed.     

国内“高考移民”原因研究述评

本文在对"高考移民"的含义和类型进行概述的基础上,回顾了已有研究对"高考移民"原因的探讨,将其总结为中国传统文化观念的影响、地方政府及学校对经济利益的追求、各省市不同的高考录取分数线等七个方面。本文从学科研究的视角评述了已有"高考移民"原因的研究,并指出其存在的不足及未来研究的方向。     

Student budgets and widening participation: Comparative experiences of finance in low and higher income undergraduates at a northern red brick university

Drawing on a thematic analysis of longitudinal qualitative data (n_total = 118), this article takes a “whole student lifecycle” approach to examine how lower and higher income students at an English northern red brick university variously attempted to manage their individual budgets. It explores how students reconcile their income—in the form of loans, grants, and bursaries—with the cost of living. Four arenas of interest are described: planning, budgeting, and managing “the student loan”; disruptions to financial planning; the role of familial support; and strategies of augmenting the budget. In detailing the micro‐level constraints on the individual budgets of lower and higher income undergraduates, the article highlights the importance of non‐repayable grants and bursaries in helping to sustain meaningful participation in higher tariff, more selective, higher education institutions. It also supports an emerging body of literature that suggests that the continuing amendments to the system of funding higher education in England are unlikely to address inequality of access, participation, and outcome.     

Federalism Policy,Economic Policy and Implementation of the Bailey Report

The Bailey Task Force (BTF) report is reviewed from the perspective of a would-be implementer. The BTF report is partially implementable if its writers were able to resolve three critical issues. First, they might emphasize how its four Program (Block) Grant proposals would influence the economy through opening up employment opportunities. Next, they should spell out how pilot developments of certain Program Grants could proceed with model legislation, and should indicate the contents of that legislation. Finally, they should be more specific about consultative mechanisms involving non-government agencies and local government.     

论大学生犯罪的预防问题

大学生犯罪呈不断上升趋势,预防大学生犯罪已经成为高校和社会有关方面对大学生管理的重要内容,对此,主要应从强化道德意识培养和法律观念教育入手,注重养成大学生的规则意识,促进大学生道德法律思维定势的形成,规范大学生的行为模式。在一般教育预防的基础上,通过有效地开展心理咨询,实行个别预防,矫治个别大学生的心理疾患,提高大学生心理素质,纠正不良行为,增强大学生的自身勉励力。同时还要加强人文环境建设和制度建构,进一步加强校园管理,浓郁校园优良文化氛围,构筑健康向上的校园文化,有效抵御不良文化的侵蚀。同时,还要恢复校园警察制度,确国家立行政管理的威慑力,提高校园犯罪防范强度,从而构建起预防大学生犯罪的有效运行系统。     

The Coordination of Welfare and Health Services in Australia

The report of the Task Force on Coordination in Welfare and Health (Bailey Report) is the most important single report on the organization of health and welfare services since the first Medibank Green Paper. It provides for the collapsing of a plethora of categorical grants into four broad ‘programme grants’. The effects of this report will be felt by most health and welfare organizations. It is the purpose of the article to review the main recommendations of the Task Force and of the related Report from the Committee on the Aged and the Infirm.     

大学文化建设的方法性问题

大学文化建设是社会主义先进文化建设的重要组成部分,是大学建设的重要内容之一。大学文化已成为提升大学核心竞争力的重要因素,成为提高人才培养质量和科技自主创新水平的重要软环境。建设具有自身特色的大学文化,是推进高水平大学建设的重要精神动力和文化保障。大学文化建设最关键的问题就是建设的方法性问题,它主要包括:大学文化建设现状的辨识与凝练、大学文化建设目标的确定、大学文化建设内容与任务的描述、大学文化建设途径的把握,以及大学文化建设与高校精神文明建设之间的关系。