吉林省农村剩余劳动力的测算及转移对策探讨

实现农村剩余劳动力的合理转移,全面提高农村生活水平,是建设全面小康社会的必然途径和重要目标。利用定量方法测度了吉林省农村劳动力的剩余状况,测算结果表明,改革开放初期吉林省农业剩余劳动力一直呈增长的态势,2003年后农业剩余劳动力超过200万人。农业剩余劳动力的大量积累给农村经济的发展带来了巨大的阻力。根据吉林省农村剩余劳动力的动态变化过程,分析了剩余劳动力产生的深层原因,并据此对吉林省农村剩余劳动力的转移给出了一些对策和政策建议。     

由甘肃省武山县农村剩余劳动力转移方式引发的思考

当前农村剩余劳动力转移问题已成为我国政府和社会关注的焦点,尤其像甘肃省武山县这样人多地少,农业绝对剩余劳动力过多的农业欠发达地区的劳动力转移问题,更是值得探讨和关注。这一问题的解决将直接关系到我国农村的兴衰,乃至我国社会整体的健康发展。本文在对甘肃省武山县农村剩余劳动力转移方式进行调查分析的基础上,提出了改进其现存劳动力转移方式的几点建议,即通过农业深层次开发,当地优势资源的规划利用等方式,增强农业、农村对剩余劳动力的吸纳能力,从而实现农业欠发达地区农村剩余劳动力的新型化就地转移。对这一新的转移模式的探析,对我国其它农业欠发达地区农村剩余劳动力转移方式也将有一定的启示意义。     

农村剩余劳动力的转移

目前,中国农村剩余劳动力约在１４ 亿左右,据估计到２０００ 年将超过２ 亿。农村剩余劳动力的转移, 已经成为关系到改革开放和我国现代化建设全局的重大问题。本文分析了农村剩余劳动力转移的原因、人口特征及模式, 进一步探讨了农村剩余劳动力转移的利与弊, 在此基础上, 对农村剩余劳动力的转移作了一定的政策分析。     

中国农业剩余劳动力转移的模式与发展趋势

农业剩余劳动力转移问题是中国农民、农村、农业问题的核心.本文分析了中国农业剩余劳动力转移面临的一系列问题,归纳总结了改革开放以来中国农业剩余劳动力转移的各种成功的模式,分析了今后中国农业剩余劳动力转移发展趋势.     

农村劳动力就业问题是农村经济获得突破的关键——国内农村劳动力就业问题研究综述

农业问题在农业之外、农村问题在农村之外 ,农业的发展 ,依赖于农村剩余劳动力向外部转移的程度 ,很多著名学者都持有这样的观点。大量剩余劳动力滞留于农村 ,导致农业劳动生产率低下 ,农民收入难以增加 ;要转移这些剩余劳动力 ,必须推进城镇化进程。本文在综述了国内的研究进展后 ,提出对于农村劳动力就业问题 ,应进一步重点解决的问题。     

我国农业剩余劳动力流向探索——再论我国农业劳动力转移

<正> 伴随着经济体制改革,农村经济由自给半自给经济向商品经济、由传统农业向现代化农业转变。大量的农业剩余劳动力将不断地从单一农业中解脱出来。据一般估计,目前,我国农业常年剩余劳动力约占农业劳动力总数的30%左右,为1.5亿。正确认识农业劳动力转移中一些规律性问题,对于制定社会经济发展的长远规划和振兴我国经济具有十分重要的作用。本文仅就我国农业剩余劳动力的空间和部门流向作一初步探索。     

现阶段我国农业主产区的剩余劳动力转移特征探析

农业主产区是我国重要的农业生产区,农村剩余劳动力问题在农业主产区尤其突出,探讨我国农业主产区的剩余劳动力转移特征,意义重大.本文从剩余劳动力转移的规模和数量、转移的地域特征、产业特征及特移的效益特征等方面出发,探讨了现阶段我国农业主产区剩余劳动力的转移特征.     

中国农业非剩余劳动力转移决策机制及其对农业的影响

中国现阶段的乡—城迁移背景是,宏观上农业剩余劳动力问题严重的格局并没有改变,但由于超稳定的、超小规模均田制的作用,乡—城迁移者不仅包括农业剩余劳动力,也包括非农业剩余劳动力;结果,在许多农村地区出现了劳动力过剩与劳动力供给不足并存,或耕地资源短缺与耕地资源利用不足甚至闲置并存的矛盾。该两个问题的解决都将取决于中国是否能够在现阶段形成与快速城市化及国际化相适应的土地资源再配置机制,能否实现乡—城迁移条件下的富余耕地资源向种田专业户集中。     

陕西省汉中市农业剩余劳动力的估算与思考

通过对农业剩余劳动力多种计量方法进行归纳分析,结合汉中市的实际,采用自然资源容纳法对汉中市农业剩余劳动力规模进行了全面估算,提出了转移农业剩余劳动力,扩展农民就业空间的对策建议。     

一部研究农业剩余劳动力转移的力作——评介《农业剩余劳动力转移区域研究》一书

山东师范大学李玉江教授等完成的国家社会科学规划基金资助课题的最终成果《农业剩余劳动力转移区域研究》专著 ,最近由山东人民出版社出版。这部著作以研究农业剩余劳动力转移为主题。农业剩余劳动力转移是世界尤其是发展中国家政府和科学研究工作者极为关注的重大问题。面对发展中国家大量农业剩余劳动力隐性和显性剩余、传统农业部门滞后发展、与发达国家差距日益扩大的现实 ,各国经济学家都试图从不同角度 ,探讨发展中国家农业剩余劳动力转移机制 ,如何加速农业剩余劳动力转移并进而带动整个国民经济的发展。从李嘉图 (Ｄ .Ｒｉｃａｒｄ…     

Will They Stay? Foreign-Born Out-Migration from New U.S. Destinations

Immigrants living in new destinations in 1995 were 2.5 times more likely to have migrated to another labor market by 2000 as immigrants living in traditional places. The researchers look at two competing explanations for immigrants’ differential internal migration patterns, namely that immigrants prefer areas with relatively large nativity concentrations which provide them with social support versus immigrants are target earners who prefer robust labor markets with strong employment growth and high wages. Utilizing confidential Census data for 1990 and 2000, the authors develop new destination classifications for 741 labor markets that take into account the differential growth and composition characteristics of 24 Asian, Latin American and Caribbean immigrant groups living in those markets. The empirical analysis of labor market out-migration indicates that immigrants do not see internal migration as an either/or choice between economics and social support but prefer residence places that allow them to maximize both conditions.     

刘易斯拐点时代下我国农村劳动力的供给研究

在城乡二元结构和农民工市民化遏阻的制度壁垒下,我国正在步入刘易斯拐点阶段。一方面,廉价劳动力的获取越来越难,人工成本持续攀升,对经济发展速度产生负面影响：另一方面,人口红利渐失加快推动产业转型升级,对经济结构调整产生倒逼效应。劳动力供给特别是农村劳动力供给出现短缺是刘易斯拐点到来的重要标志之一。同时,新生代农村劳动力缺乏从事农业生产活动的技能和意愿,离农、去农现象严重。因此,尽快培育新型职业农民,对现代农业发展和新农村建设全局有着重大意义。     

Male-female differences in labor market outcomes during the early transition to market: The cases of Estonia and Slovenia

Changes in women's relative wages and employment are analyzed, using social security data from Slovenia (1987–1992) and a retrospective labor force survey in Estonia (1989–1994). Estonia adopted liberal labor market policies. Slovenia took an interventionist approach. Nevertheless, relative wages for women rose in both countries. Factors favoring women included: returns to human capital rose in transition, benefiting women; relative labor demand shifted toward predominantly female sectors; low-wage women had a disproportionate incentive to exit the labor market, especially in Estonia. However, women were less mobile across jobs in both countries, so men disproportionately filled new jobs in expanding sectors. Received: 27 November 1997/Accepted: 20 December 1998     

中国中长期劳动力供需趋势分析

文章采用Leslie方法预测2015-2050年中国人口总量及其年龄分布结构．据此预测劳动年龄人口的劳动力供给总量,根据经济增长的就业弹性预测劳动力的需求总量,计算劳动力供需缺口。结果表明．劳动力供给和需求总量都呈现减少趋势,供给减少更快,2015年后,劳动力市场将出现供不应求的现象。供需缺口将长期存在并有扩大趋势。面对劳动力市场出现的供需缺口问题,提出了相应的政策建议。     

Analysis on China's Labor Supply and Demand Trend for a Long-term

The paper take Leslie method to forecast China's total population and its age distribution structure from 2015 to 2050,and then predict the total labor supply of the working-age population,estimate the total demand for labor according to the employment elasticity of the economic growth,calculated the gap between labor supply and demand.The results show that both the labor supply and demand showed a decreasing trend,but the supply reduced faster than demand,after 2015,the labor market appears shortage,the gap between supply and demand will exist for a long time and have a tendency to expand.Facing of the new situation and new problems of the labor market,we recommend some corresponding policy.     

新疆兵团人力资源特点与对策

兵团人力资源在新疆经济建设及社会稳定中起着不可替代的作用。在西部大开发的新形势下,兵团人力资源数量年增补不大,质量上由于人才流失而不适应可持续发展。本文提出以下对策：留住并提高现有劳动力质量;培养并留住自己培养的人才;千方百计吸引急需的不同种类的人才。     

人力资源代理:一种新型劳动人事关系模式

人力资源代理在降低用人单位成本和风险、减少失业、保障劳动者权益、促进人力资源合理配置等多方面有着积极的作用。各级劳动人事部门应积极探索人力资源代理的新型管理模式 ,并为其发展提供必要的政策支持     

新世纪初安徽省劳动力供给趋势及相关政策选择

新世纪初(2001-2010年),安徽省劳动力市场将主要表现为一种不均衡的状态,即安徽省自身劳动力供给与有效劳动力供给过剩,同时,劳动力供给结构与劳动力需求结构存在差异。本文通过对新世纪初安徽省劳动适龄人口、在校学生规模、外来劳动力人口、迁移人口以及老年就业人口发展状况的分析,预测新世纪初安徽省劳动力供给发展趋势。最后,在此基础上探讨了未来安徽省劳动力供给方面的就业政策选择。     

Determinants of male labor mobility

This study is concerned with male labor mobility in 84 urban labor markets. Mobility studies have frequently used employment variables to approximate differential labor demands and to explain mobility. It would seem that supply factors, as well as demand factors, could exert an influence on mobility. To assess the influence of supply factors, new labor force entrants and withdrawals, along with labor demand variables, were regressed against gross in- and out-migration rates. The results confirmed the hypothesis that labor mobility is substantially influenced by the economic and demographic characteristics of the urban labor market. Higher rates of in-migration were found in regions with higher rates of new employment opportunities. Where the demographic characteristics of the labor market result in larger labor supplies, out-migration rates were found to be higher and in-migration rates lower. Labor seems quite sensitive to differential labor market conditions and would appear to flow toward markets where an economic advantage lies. One interesting interpretation of the negative association between in-migration and wages is that employment opportunities may expand more rapidly in low-wage sectors, perhaps in the nonmanufacturing sector, thereby providing job opportunities which attract labor into the region.     

“民工荒”背景下新生代农民工劳动力资源问题研究

随着我国社会经济的发展,新生代农民逐渐成为我国目前劳动力市场的主力军。新生代农民具有时代的新特点,他们懂文化有理想有追求。企业传统的职工管理模式已经不能满足他们的利益诉求。伴随着产业转移和经济结构调整,我国东部沿海城市不断发生＂民工荒＂现象。如何在＂民工荒＂背景下考量新生代农民工劳动力资源问题,构建劳动力资源配置机制、农民工权益法律保障机制、新生代农民工教育培训机制,寻求＂民工荒＂问题的解决对策,具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。