婚姻破裂主义——治标不治本——兼评现行法定离婚理由

现行婚姻法离婚理由采取感情破裂主义,但学者对此颇有微词,主张以婚姻关系破裂代替感情破裂。本文通过分析我国法定离婚理由的优缺点并评析婚姻关系破裂论者反对感情破裂主义的理由后,认为仅以婚姻关系破裂取代感情破裂并不能真正解决问题,应在坚持破裂主义前提下,兼采过错主义、目的主义原则;立法方式上仍采例示义,以概括式破裂式的抽象理由为唯一的法定离婚理由,以破裂主义、过错主义、目的主义三类原因作为上述离婚标准的证明。。     

从社会性别的视角审视中国的性别立法与社会公共政策

作者将中国50年来性别立法与政策分为计划经济和计划经济向市场经济过度两个阶段,并用社会性别的视角从诸多方面描述和分析了中国的性别立法与公共政策。     

女性主义与社会性别分析

女性主义一扫发展的性别盲点，给发展以社会性别的视角，使社会性别分析不仅仅局限在学术领域，更成为一种决策的手段和方法，对改变以往的发展观念和改革措施并使之更趋公正与完善起到了不可估量的作用。     

家庭与社会性别

作者将社会性别分析引入对民族文化的研究中,通过调查纳西族较具代表性的吴洛科纳西和氏家族,对纳西族的基本社会结构--家族中的社会性别关系进行分析,揭示了家族在形成性别关系的形态、结构上的作用,以及家族与社会性别关系相互支持的关系.     

家族与社会性别

作者将社会性别分析引入对民族文化的研究中,通过调查纳西族较具代表性的吴洛科纳西和氏家族,对纳西族的基本社会结构——家族中的社会性别关系进行分析,揭示了家族在形成性别关系的形态、结构上的作用,以及家族与社会性别关系相互支持的关系。     

女性主义与社会性别分析──社会性别理论在发展中的运用

女性主义一扫发展的性别盲点，给发展以社会性别的视角，使社会性别分析不仅仅局限在学术领域，更成为一种决策的手段和方法，对改变以往的发展观念和改革措施并使之更趋公正与完善起到了不可估量的作用。     

推进社会性别预算的路径选择与保障机制——基于社会性别主流化视角的考察

社会性别预算是实现社会性别主流化的重要途径之一.通过社会性别预算,重新审视包括公共预算在内的经济社会政策,对于推动性别平等和公共预算改革具有重要意义.社会性别预算并非要求财政资源在男女两性之间平均分配,而是通过分析预算决策对男女两性的不同影响,对公共预算做出社会性别敏感回应,从而使公共预算满足不同群体的不同需求,是促进社会性别平等和提升预算管理水平的有效手段和途径.社会性别预算在中国的推进,大体有非政府组织主导型、政府财政部门主导型和人大主导型三种路径,在实践中需要循着因地制宜选择试点模式、开展交流培训、健全分性别统计制度等发展路径加以展开.同时,还应从规范法律政策体系,增进预算透明度,加强预算能力建设,搭建合作平台等方面完善相关保障机制.     

农村留守妻子现象的社会性别分析

受传统性别观念和性别分工模式的影响,“留守妻子”正逐渐成为现今流出地农村的普遍现象。她们在生产劳作与家庭负担的双重挤压下、在情感眷恋与经济依附的双重困惑下生活着。这种现象在整体上影响着“留守妻子”与其外出务工丈夫平等地位的建构,需要进行积极的应对。     

唇腭裂患儿照顾者的社会性别分析

唇腭裂患儿的出生会给家庭成员尤其是患儿的照顾者带来生理、心理和社会层面的压力。本研究基于社会性别的视角，对唇腭裂患儿照顾者进行分析比较，发现在唇腭裂患儿照顾的家庭角色分工、照顾者面对患儿时的心理反应、照顾者对待患儿的态度、照顾者应对生活压力时的心理素质、照顾者关注的问题和需求、照顾者寻求帮助的途径与力度等方面，都呈现出明显的男女性别差异。在上述研究发现的基础上，提出了构建唇腭裂儿童最佳照顾模式的政策建议。     

女性性问题研究的社会性别视角

文章分析了目前中国性学研究中女性声音和女性主义视角缺席的原因 ,指出把社会性别分析方法引入性问题研究的必要性 ;并分别从男性性观念和女性性观念的表现出发 ,分析了传统文化的双重性道德标准对女性的歧视、压力和损害 ;通过对女性性主体地位、经期性交、女性G点研究、性交中的不应期等话题的讨论 ,揭示了与女性有关的性学理论中的社会性别视角。     

Women,Legal Aid and Social Inclusion

This article examines access to legal aid for women in light of the Australian government's social inclusion agenda. It is notable that the government's image of social citizenship does not include the ability to invoke and enforce legal rights, and that discourses of social exclusion have paid relatively little attention to gendered patterns of exclusion. The article reports on a study of applications for and refusals of legal aid for family law, domestic violence and anti‐discrimination matters by socially excluded women in Queensland. It demonstrates the variety of ways in which Legal Aid Queensland's grants process operated to further exclude and marginalise these women. It argues that effective access to legal aid is an important element of social inclusion, but that this goal cannot be achieved by reliance on the tools of New Public Management.     

Gender Identity and Social Services: Barriers to Care

ABSTRACT

Transgender people seek social services for a variety of reasons. This literature review highlights needs assessments and social science research articles (N = 30) from the last 16 years that demonstrate the many ways in which social services are further revictimizing transgender people. Studies indicate that transgender people often encounter ignorance, hostility, and transphobic environments while attempting to access social services, and these environments can dissuade transgender people from gaining needed care. Suggestions are made to address these inequalities and include simple measures that social service agencies can begin with to make their services more transinclusive. Future research should address the bias in social services more directly and also develop a clear plan of action and best practices to help agencies remove discrimination from social service settings.     

对我国公司社会责任法律规制的技术探讨

公司应当承担社会责任已为业界和理论界所共识。公司社会责任应该具有明确的法律内涵和外延,并且在法律的范畴内应该有其实现路径和责任的追究机制。这是公司社会责任得以实现的前提条件,也是防止公司社会责任被泛化的核心要素。当公司承担社会责任被作为一项法律原则予以确立,同时,这一法律原则也就贯穿于公司法的规则之中。在具体的法律适用上,可以通过司法解释的方法解决公司社会责任法律的实现问题。     

Gender Moderates the Progression from Fearful Temperament to Social Withdrawal through Protective Parenting

Child gender may exert its influence on development, not as a main effect, but as a moderator among predictors and outcomes. We examined this notion in relations among toddler fearful temperament, maternal protective parenting, maternal accuracy in predicting toddler distress to novelty, and child social withdrawal. In two multi‐method, longitudinal studies of toddlers (24 months at Time 1; Ns = 93 and 117, respectively) and their mothers, few main effect gender differences occurred. Moderation existed in both studies: only for highly accurate mothers of boys, fearful temperament related to protective parenting, which then predicted later social withdrawal. Thus, studying only main‐effect gender differences may obscure important differences in how boys and girls develop from fearful temperament to later social withdrawal.     

Gender Identity Disorder,the Gender Binary,and Transgender Oppression: Implications for Ethical Social Work

This article argues that social workers are ethically obligated to serve as allies of transgender and gender-nonconforming communities and, thus, should critically examine the diagnosis of gender identity disorder and the oppression inherent in pathologizing gender nonconformity. Social workers should also consider the oppression inherent in the socially constructed gender binary that is the root of the perceived psychosis in gender nonconformance and should fight against this oppression and, therefore, against that binary. This article proposes several action steps that social workers can take to advocate for the transgender and gender-nonconforming communities.     

我国社会保障法律体制的现状与发展对策研究

社会保障制度作为社会主义市场经济的重要组成部分,被称为"社会安全网"和"社会减震器"。虽然我国社会保障法律体制现在已经基本建立起来了,但尚存在诸多问题。因而有必要在现有社会保障法律体制的基础上,进一步完善立法、执法与司法环节。建立与市场经济发展相适应的社会保障法律体制,使公民的社会保障权益得到充分地实现,从而促进社会保障制度的完善与和谐社会的发展。     

Social Status as a Predictor of Race and Gender Stereotypes in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence

We examined race and gender stereotypes in fourth‐, sixth‐ and eighth‐grade White and Black children. The participants reported their perceptions of the competence of Black, White, female and male children in academic domains, sports and music. In general, low‐status groups (girls and Black children) did not endorse stereotypes that reflected negatively on their own group but were likely to report stereotypes that favored their social group. High‐status groups (boys and Whites) endorsed most traditional stereotypes, whether negative or positive, for their social group. Where age differences appeared, older children were more likely than younger children to report traditional stereotypes and status effects were more pronounced. The results are discussed in terms of group enhancement and relationships between social stereotypes and self‐views.     

男民工与阶层、社会性别、性的主体建构

农民工的“性”问题日益受到社会的关注。本文基于北京地区四个工地136位民工的访谈,以工地男民工“谈小姐”为切入点,将“谈小姐”视为男民工日常生活中的言说实践,以扎根理论的视角来探究“谈话”这种日常活动的建构意义。本文并不停留于男民工对“小姐”形象（谈论的客体）的构建,而是更进一步地探讨：（1）在“谈小姐”的言说实践过程中男民工如何构建出自身的阶层地位、社会性别与性文化;（2）分析阶层、社会性别、性这三者的关系。通过这种主体建构的呈现,本文试图揭示男民工如何寻找自己在这个社会中的定位,以及寻找现实生活中积极的生存策略。     

法的效力等级辨析

文章在评析诸多法的效力等级概念的基础上,指出应以下位法效力直接渊源于上位法的原则来定位法的效力等级概念,指出这是中外学者普遍认同的。文章提出法的效力等级划分的根据在于制定机关所代表人民利益的层次和范围,而衡量法的效力等级的具体标准则是制定机关的地位和立法权的性质。文章从分权理论的视角具体论证了国务院根据立法授权决定制定的法文件,应与行政法规效力等级相同。     

The Effect of Gender Context on Children's Social Behavior in a Limited Resource Situation: An Observational Study

Knowing when to compete and when to cooperate to maximize opportunities for equal access to activities and materials in groups is critical to children's social and cognitive development. The present study examined the individual (gender, social competence) and contextual factors (gender context) that may determine why some children are more successful than others. One hundred and fifty‐six children (M age=6.5 years) were divided into 39 groups of four and videotaped while engaged in a task that required them to cooperate in order to view cartoons. Children within all groups were unfamiliar to one another. Groups varied in gender composition (all girls, all boys, or mixed‐sex) and social competence (high vs. low). Group composition by gender interaction effects were found. Girls were most successful at gaining viewing time in same‐sex groups, and least successful in mixed‐sex groups. Conversely, boys were least successful in same‐sex groups and most successful in mixed‐sex groups. Similar results were also found at the group level of analysis; however, the way in which the resources were distributed differed as a function of group type. Same‐sex girl groups were inequitable but efficient whereas same‐sex boy groups were more equitable than mixed groups but inefficient compared to same‐sex girl groups. Social competence did not influence children's behavior. The findings from the present study highlight the effect of gender context on cooperation and competition and the relevance of adopting an unfamiliar peer paradigm when investigating children's social behavior.