社工在未成年人社区矫正中的角色定位

未成年矫正对象对自身犯罪行为的认知度较低,可塑性较强,改造后的社会回报率较高。社会工作者作为社区矫正的专业人才,具有独特的专业优势。本文研究未成年人社区矫正中的角色定位,有助于未成年社区矫正对象早日恢复社会功能,促进未成年人健康成长。     

论和谐社会下社区矫正之完善

和谐社会是我国现代化建设的目标之一.社区矫正作为与监禁刑相对应的行刑执行方式得到了世界的普遍认可,它反映了社会文明的进步与发展.社区矫正对于构建和谐社会具有不可替代的作用.随着我国构建和谐社会的不断推进,社区矫正作为预防和减少犯罪的重要举措,已经引起我国政府的高度关注并且在23个省市区试点.我国社区矫正制度的建立和推行应借鉴国外的先进经验,立足我国的国情,更新刑罚理念,改革和完善社区矫正的立法,将执行权统一划归司法行政机关,实现社区矫正的方式和手段的多样性,加强对社区矫正的投入支持和经费制度保障,适当扩大对未成年人适用社区矫正的比例等措施,以推动我国社区矫正工作的开展,促进和谐社会的构建.     

未成年人销假犯罪分析及预防对策——以某区检察院2014年未成年人销假案件为样本

未成年人销假犯罪在沿海经济发达地区呈高发态势。此类案件的主要特点为:犯罪主体多为亲缘性或地缘性的犯罪团伙,未成年犯罪嫌疑人社会危害性与人身危险性较小,涉案未成年人文化水平普遍较低,未成年犯罪人多为从犯且获利极少。未成年人参与销假犯罪活动的原因主要是:为满足基本的物质需求、法律认识错误、家庭和学校在道德和法制教育方面的双重缺失以及沿海地区有利的外部环境。作为预防对策,应当从强化家庭、学校的道德和法制教育以及净化市场环境入手。此外,处理销假案应宽严相济,对未成年的初犯尽量免予刑事处罚同时将其作为污点证人,而对首要分子则适用"教唆未满十八周岁的人犯罪"的从严规定。     

关注案主的家庭

矫正社工在社区矫正工作中,对服务对象的关注往往更多地放在就业和增强法制观念上,而对服务对象的家庭情况关注不够。为了保证对社区服刑人员矫正的质量和效果,关注服务对象的家庭情况甚至超过介绍就业。只有使服务对象的家庭和谐了,有了强有力的家庭支持系统,才能更好地增强法制观念和守法意识,从而预防和减少犯罪。     

三大机制：源头预防流浪未成年人

机制之一：依托社区平台，建立多样化的源头预防工作机制社区的社会环境对未成年人的生存和发展有着重要影响。未成年人的生活都直接依赖于居委会和村委会所辖的社区，为此，应依托社区充分发挥社区基层组织在未成年人工作中的作用，建立多样化的流浪未成年人源头预防工作机制。     

浅析未成年人犯罪的成因与对策

未成年人犯罪是一种复杂的社会现象,许多专家调查研究表明造成未成年人违法犯罪的原因是多方面的,既有未成年人的个人心理、思想素质、道德修养、法制观念及生理机制等主观因素,也有政治、经济、教育以及社会风气等因素在起作用。当前未成年人犯罪的绝对值呈逐年递增的趋势,成为与社会环境污染、吸毒并成为三大公害,引起了全社会的高度重视,造成未成年人犯罪的特点、原因是我们预防遏制未成年人犯罪的首要问题。     

我国刑事立法领域的若干重大现实问题探讨

刑事立法是刑事法治的基础和起点.刑事法治的发展进步离不开刑事立法的科学化、民主化与现代化.审视当前我国刑事立法领域,有以下重大现实问题值得特别关注:一是犯罪化与非犯罪化问题:二是未成年人犯罪的刑事责任问题;三是单位犯罪问题;四是刑罚体系的调整与完善问题;五是社区矫正问题;六是国际公约在刑事法领域的贯彻问题.     

青少年犯罪社区矫正的社会工作方法探讨

社区矫正是一种与监禁矫正相对的行刑方式,当前青少年犯罪社区矫正日益引起社会各界的广泛关注。自2003年社区矫正试点工作在北京、上海、天津等6省市展开以来,许多专家学者都在探索社区矫正的理论,但尚没有形成适用的方法体系。本文在社区矫正实践经验的基础上,就社会工作方法介入青少年犯罪社区矫正的意义、程序、原则等做积极的探讨。     

论建构我国未成年人前科消灭制度

正确理解前科消灭制度的内涵,了解域外前科消灭制度的状况,是建构我国未成年人前科消灭制度的必要前提。我国刑事法律没有前科消灭制度之规定,但从保护和关怀未成年人成长的角度看,建构我国未成年人前科消灭制度非常必要,它有利于贯彻对失足未成年人的教育、感化和挽救的社会矫治政策,保护未成年犯罪人的合法权益,促使他们及早复归社会,符合国际社会未成年人司法的发展趋势;同时,建构我国未成年人前科消灭制度,具有法律依据、主体属性依据和刑事司法政策依据。建构我国未成年人前科消灭制度,必须完善刑事立法,明确和规范前科消灭的条件与程序,加强社区矫正制度建设。     

我国社区矫正之现状与评析

社区矫正指倾注全社会力量,将符合社区矫正条件,即所谓不需要监禁(指罪行比较轻微、不致危害社会)或不再需要继续监禁(在狱中表现较好、已够保释条件、不致再危害社会)的犯罪人员置于社区内,由专门的国家机关,在相关社会团体和民间组织以及社会志愿者的协助下,在判决或裁定规定的期限内,矫正其犯罪意识和行为恶习,并促进其顺利回归社会的非监禁刑罚执行活动。它所采用的是开放型的、更注重改造效果的改造方式。现代刑罚理论认为,犯罪不是犯罪人与生俱来的,而是社会多种因素交合作用而生成的独特的社会现     

矫治社会工作介入我国社区矫正的初探

矫治社会工作是一项专为罪犯或具有犯罪危险性的违法人员开展的社会福利服务,在我国很少有机会介入罪犯的改造,而社区矫正地开展恰好为我国矫治社会工作的专业化和职业化发展提供了前所未有的机遇和空间。     

论社会工作对社区青少年的介入——以上海徐汇区为例

目前,社区青少年已成为一个备受关注的特殊群体。由于受到社会多方面因素的影响,这一群体不同程度地处于违法甚至犯罪的边缘,逐渐威胁着社会的稳定。本文以上海市徐汇区为例,分析了社区青少年的需求和社会工作的介入情况,提出了完善社区青少年工作的相关建议。     

未成年人犯罪矫治社会工作的介入途径与方法

现代犯罪矫治工作不再是司法人员的专职,社会工作者和社会志愿者也可以加入进来。社会工作者具有专业知识并掌握大量的信息资源。应当积极介入到未成年人犯罪矫治工作中去。未成年人特殊的生理、心理特征和矫治领域的不同,要求社工采用专业的科学的介入方法与之相适应。     

Juvenile Justice, Social Work and Social Control. The Need for Positive Thinking

Summary This paper has a two-fold purpose. Firstly, it suggests thatan examination of current trends in the juvenile justice systemof England and Wales sustains the viewpoint that there has been,during the last decade, a considerable increase in the degreeof surveillance and coercion of large sections of the youthpopulation. Secondly, it attempts to outline a positive rolefor social work professionals working in the juvenile justicesystem which may help to counter these tendencies and reconceptualisegeneral thinking on problems of youth crime and juvenile justicepenology.     

First Names and Crime: Does Unpopularity Spell Trouble?*

Objective. We investigate the relationship between first name popularity and juvenile delinquency to test the hypothesis that unpopular names are positively correlated with crime. Methods. To compare the names of juveniles in a state's population with the names of juveniles who received substantiated charges in that state's juvenile justice system, we construct a popularity name index. Regression analysis is used to examine the relationship among names, crime, and socioeconomic background of juveniles. Results. The distribution of first names in the state's population is different from the names of juvenile delinquents. Our results show that unpopular names are positively correlated with juvenile delinquency for both blacks and whites. Conclusions. Unpopular names are likely not the cause of crime but correlated with factors that increase the tendency toward juvenile delinquency, such as a disadvantaged home environment and residence in a county with low socioeconomic status.     

社工在青少年罪犯社区矫正“增权”中的多重角色

随着社区矫正制度在中国内地的不断发展,实践中存在的问题也逐渐暴露出来。问题之一就是矫正对象在社区矫正过程中的各种权利及资源的丧失。针对这种情况,文章在分析青少年罪犯社区矫正“失权”具体表现的基础上,提出利用社会工作的方法对这一群体进行增权,以及在这一过程中社工所承担的各种角色。     

青少年犯罪问题治理中社区矫正较之司法矫正的优势分析

在当前我国青少年犯罪问题的治理中,传统的司法矫正模式已不能完全适应社会发展的现状和趋势,而社区矫正针对青少年自身及其犯罪原因的特殊性,采用更为科学、更为人性化的矫正方式,能够对青少年犯罪问题发挥更为有效的治理功能,具有传统司法矫正模式不可比拟的优势。     

Graduating from the child welfare system: a comparison of the UK and Australian leaving care debates

Historically, insufficient resources and assistance have been provided to young people leaving state care. Care leavers have been found to experience significant health, social and educational deficits including homelessness, disproportionate involvement in juvenile crime and prostitution, poor social supports and early parenthood. This paper compares the UK and Australian debates around improving outcomes for care leavers. Whilst there are some minor differences in the respective legislative frameworks and responses, the similarities are far greater. Both countries have failed to provide the range of in-care, transitional and post-care supports and services required to ensure improved outcomes for care leavers.     

Trends in Violent Crime and Public Concern

Socially, the most damaging of all the effects of violent crime was said to be its indirect ‘terrorising’ effect, generating public fear and disrupting the functioning of the community. The blame for aggravation of this effect is often placed on over-reporting and sensationalization by the mass media. The study aimed to determine if there is an objective basis for a growing public concern about increases in crimes of violence in New South Wales, or if this concern is a product of certain forms of publicity given to violence, and to identify targets for social intervention. A formal analysis of a decade's trends in violent crimes against the person and property crimes showed the following: among adults more males commit murder and major assault, and more females major assault; among juveniles, more males commit assault, serious robbery, and malicious damage, and more females assault and malicious damage; more offences of major assault, robbery, and arson are reported to the police, but there is no increase in reported rapes and known homicides; there is no increase in the vandalization of school property; the only judicial reflection of public concern about violent crime is a slight increase in the length of sentence given for robbery. In a critical discussion of the findings, increases in violent crime reported to the police were singled out as justifying public concern. The most serious concern, however, is warranted by the increasing juvenile violence which is consistent with trends observed in most Western countries. The difficulty was pointed out of translating this concern into social action, in the absence of any coherent theoretical or empirical framework within which to identify priority targets. There is a need for a multifactorial approach to provide a rational basis for dealing with the problem of violent crime.