中国未来农村剩余劳动力转移问题及其出路

中国农村 ,由于人口增加、土地资源有限 ,现代生产方式的日益应用 ,农村人口流动和剩余劳动力转移的规模、压力越来越大。怎样解决问题并稳定社会 ?战略上讲 :从时间、数量上稳定推缓转移农村剩余劳动力 ;创造条件 ,积极快速地转移农村剩余劳动力 ;政府进行宏观调节和微观管理 ,安全地转移农村剩余劳动力 ;推进城市化 ,合理发展小城镇转移农村剩余劳动力 ,是促进经济增长的强劲动力     

农村剩余劳动力的有效转移分析

农民收入应当是“三农”问题的核心 ,农民增收难的一个重要原因就是大量剩余劳动力滞留于农村 ,造成农业边际产出低下 ,而目前农村剩余劳动力的转移带有很强的盲目性 ,我们应积极探索多种转移途径 ,实现劳动力的有效转移。     

A comparative study of legitimation strategies in hybrid regimes

Despite the growing body of research on ‘hybrid regimes’, few studies address the issue of their domestic legitimacy. Targeting this gap in the literature, this article explores the legitimation strategies of three hybrid regimes around the globe: Russia, Venezuela, and Seychelles. Although these countries differ markedly in almost every aspect that can be thought of, the political systems of all three cases combine formally democratic institutions with authoritarian political dynamics. The qualitative, comparative analysis presented in this article uncovers a number of remarkable similarities between the regimes’ respective legitimization strategies. However, while the strategies for engendering legitimacy are similar across the cases, the content of these strategies is different: the Russian leadership mainly relies on preserving order and nationalism, the Venezuelan regime employs a more populist strategy, and the Seychellois regime uses a more personal and particularistic approach. Our findings not only provide insights into the mechanisms hybrid regimes use to consolidate their authority, but also highlight important differences and similarities between hybrid regimes around the world.     

A comparative study of multiattribute decision making methodologies

Three real life cases are considered in this paper to apply and compare the rankings obtained by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and other Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques such as Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), ELECTRE and Weighted Linear Assignment Method (WLAM). The results indicated that the AHP, SAW, and ELECTRE rankings do not differ significantly, however, the WLAM tends to exhibit more disagreement. However, because of the limited nature of this study, we do not suggest this as a general conclusion.     

香港与大陆当代小说创作比较

香港文学和大陆文学 ,历史上本就关系密切 ,大陆改革开放后则交流愈加。其间 ,两地小说创作的交流 ,小说读者的接受情形和审美反响 ,尤其引人注目。大陆的当代小说创作和研究 ,对香港文学界和大众读者一直颇有影响 ;反之 ,当代香港的武侠小说和言情小说等 ,在大陆亦有很大读者市场 ,并为评论界高度重视。由于同一母体文化 ,加上两地各种联系密切 ,因此两地小说创作在题材选择、严肃小说领域、通俗小说领域、作家心态等方面 ,便有不少共同点。但因为社会制度毕竟不同 ,文化消费毕竟有异 ,两地小说的作家创作与读者接受便又存在不少差异。这些异同处 ,都有不少耐人寻味的地方。对它们进行比较研究 ,可以更清楚地发现当代大陆小说和香港小说各自的创作特点和审美短长。但长期以来这种富有意义的比较性研究却又很缺乏 ,确实需要加强     

A comparative study of social assistance systems in Macao and Hong Kong

This article compares social assistance systems in Macao and Hong Kong. It finds that Macao delivers a higher level of social assistance benefits, whereas Hong Kong has a larger group of social assistance beneficiaries. The Hong Kong Government spends a larger amount on social assistance provision and imposes tougher controls on the recipients, compared to Macao. The results of the comparison indicate that Macao and Hong Kong differ markedly in the type of productivist welfare regime they belong and challenge the assertion that the two welfare systems form a distinct welfare model.     

孙子与墨子军事思想比较研究

先秦时期的著名军事家孙子和墨子年代接近,<孙子>约成书于前496年-453年间①,墨子则生于前480年,卒于前389年②,他们的军事思想既有相同之处,又各有不同的侧重.目前,对孙子与墨子军事思想进行比较研究的论文所见不多.谢龙先生说:"哲学的创新更是通过比较实现的.反思是创新的前提与准备,创新是反思的目的与结果."③所以,通过以孙子、墨子军事思想为两个不同的参照系,进行两者的比较,一方面可以完整地把握中国古典军事思想,另一方面可以从哲学层面对两者进行反思、创新与超越.本文将对孙墨二家的军事思想加以比较研究与阐发.     

Design limitations of long-term care insurance schemes: A comparative study of the situation in Spain

Social and demographic changes are gradually transforming the way Western societies cope with old‐age dependency, in particular the provision of long‐term care (LTC). In response to the need for formal care services and financing instruments, this study examines a range of both private and public insurance tools. As a general rule, LTC insurance is markedly underdeveloped. Furthermore, in southern European countries, the role of the public sector in LTC is unclear compared with its role in other, related welfare areas such as healthcare. The study examines the financing alternatives for LTC insurance, taking as its benchmark the Spanish LTC financing reform. It briefly examines some existing, publicly funded LTC financing tools and explores the potential role of private LTC insurance, arguing that it has an active part to play alongside compulsory mainstream insurance schemes and self‐insurance alternatives. As in other European countries, Spanish social attitudes show a preference for some kind of general entitlement to publicly funded schemes, although this preference is subject to significant regional heterogeneity.     

Collective empowerment: A comparative study of community work in Mumbai and Stockholm

Mumbai and Stockholm are worlds apart in terms of public services, infrastructures and standard of living. However, both cities have known common problems of social exclusion and marginalisation related to neo‐liberal globalisation. Social workers are facing similar challenges regarding collective empowerment as a strategy for community work. This comparative study explored how collective empowerment is undertaken by community workers. The research participants were 13 informants from community‐work organisations in the two settings. Semi‐structured interviews were used and were analysed with the help of Atlas‐ti 6.2 (ATLAS.ti Scientific Software Development GmbH D‐10623 Berlin Germany). Social work in Mumbai is in a context of extreme poverty and mainly within the informal sector, whereas in Stockholm most social work is done in relation to a public welfare model. In Stockholm, interventions are aimed towards strengthening social networks, without direct aim at social change. In Mumbai, community workers organise people for collective empowerment to strengthen marginalised groups and achieve social change.     

Readiness for independent living of youth in residential childcare: A comparative study

Transition to adulthood is an accelerated and early process for care leavers that requires intensive preparation, training and support from child welfare services. This study aimed to explore the perceived readiness for independent living of a group of care-experienced young people preparing for leaving care in Spain and to compare it with the perceptions of their peers from the general population. A sample of 508 youth (50% women) aged 14–21 (M = 16.67; SD = 1.72) took part, of whom 279 were care experienced and 229 belonged to the general population in Spain. Participants' independent living skills, personal autonomy, self-efficacy and sociodemographic characteristics were assessed through an online survey using standardized instruments. Care-experienced young people displayed higher levels of life skills and autonomy in self-care, daily living at home and employment domains, but not related to making daily arrangements in their community. However, their educational level and self-efficacy levels were lower than in the comparison group. Work experience stood out as a significant predictor of care-experienced young people's life skills level. These findings support the importance of assessing life skills as an outcome of leaving care preparation services and providing care-experienced young people with real-life experiences to develop their life skills.     

以教育促进农村城市化的探讨

我国现有的农村城市化水平低,农村城市化面临诸多的问题,在此提出以加强农村教育促进农村城市化的建议,该建议主要涉及:推行十二年义务教育、全免农村义务教育费用、建立和完善补偿机制和深入开展农村职业技能教育等。     

Pension scheme fees and charge ratios in 44 countries: A comparative study

Based on data received from pension supervisory authorities, the article reviews 85 different pension schemes in 44 jurisdictions by looking at fees and charges as well as their legal ceilings and their development since 2014. A key finding is the observed decrease in fees and caps. The article presents jurisdictions according to clusters, i.e. by groups of countries with identical or very similar items already covered by pension fees, and analyses the extent to which various cost and fee elements are covered by fees charged to members. Finally, we calculate charge ratios for each cluster to quantify the impact of fees and charges on pension savings. Occupational defined contribution pension schemes and personal plans linked to employment tend to be much more cost effective than personal schemes that have no direct employment link.     

Advertising in demand systems for alcoholic drinks and tobacco: A comparative study

This paper is concerned with the effect of advertising on the interproduct distribution of demand. For that purpose, it examines different ways of incorporating advertising terms into the Rotterdam model and into static and dynamic versions of the Almost Ideal Demand System. In an empirical application to data for the alcoholic drinks and tobacco markets in the United Kingdom, it is concluded that aggregate advertising appears to have had little or no effect upon product demand in this sector over the past three decades. The scope for restraining consumption of these products through advertising bans may be negligible.     

《四世同堂》、《白鹿原》之比较研究——老舍、陈忠实小说对读之一

钱默吟和朱先生都是作家精心创造的传统文化孕育的文人形象.钱默吟深明大义,洁身自好,在民族义战中"炼狱",由书生而战士,讴歌民族精神于圣战中高扬与更生.朱先生出入"乱世",矢志于道,心怀仁义,为人师表,洞察秋毫,呼唤吏廉而民安的和谐社会.     

A comparative study of the relationship between pension plans and individual savings in Asian countries from an institutional point of view

Hur MH. A comparative study of the relationship between pension plans and individual savings in Asian countries from an institutional point of view Int J Soc Welfare 2010: 19: 379–389 © 2009 The Author, Journal compilation © 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and the International Journal of Social Welfare. This study identifies various saving plans used as alternative pension plans in Asian countries and examines the extent to which these saving plans contribute to their pension schemes. Data were collected from six Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. The comparison concentrates on an examination of differences and similarities in individual countries' privately managed pension schemes and saving plans. This study suggests that a pension system does not have to be a privately managed plan to encourage individual savings. A critical point for individual savings was avoiding a defined benefit plan. On the basis of these findings, a typology of relationships between second and third pillars and provident funds and incentive systems for individual savings was developed.     

中国现代化的历程与未来发展的任务

实现现代化是一个动态的过程。本文用翔实的数据,对中国改革开放以来的现代化历程作了系统的梳理,并在实事求是地分析中国现实国情的基础上,对中国目前现代化的程度,中国未来30年在实现现代化的过程中面临的机遇和挑战以及现代化的规律和趋势等提出自己的看法。