进一步加大固定资产投资力度是国民经济发展的需要

内蒙古固定资产投资“九五”时期保持了较快的增长,五年累计完成固定资产投资１７５６．９９亿元,比“八五”时期增加７６５．６４亿元,年均增长９．５％。特别是自１９９８年以来,国家实行积极的财政政策,增发国债,扩大内需,使内蒙古固定资产投资保持着良好的运行态势,有力地拉动了经济的增长。２０００年全区国内生产总值达１４０１．０１亿元,按可比价格计算比上年增长９．７％;社会消费品零售总额达到４８３．９８亿元,比上年增长１０．７％;城镇居民人均可支配收入５１２９元,比上年增长７．５％。但与全国相比,我区总体…     

江苏统计·信息短波

１９９９年,无锡市特别重视投资需求拉动,固定资产投资领域认真贯彻积极的财政政策,加大投资力度,促进经济发展,全市完成全社会固定资产投资３１０８２亿元,比１９９８年增长１２１%。１９９９年,作为固定资产投资领域的房地产开发与建设投资稳定增长,成为我市经济新的增长点。     

我国重点百货零售企业销售收入净额情况

１９９９年以来我国经济发展走势良好。在国家积极财政政策的推动下，内需市场有所启动，１－１０月实现社会消费品零售总额２４８９３亿元，比上年同期增长６．５％。低迷多时的大型百货商场销售业绩由降转升，消费的“人气”正逐步聚集。 １－１０月全国５６２家大型百货零售商场销售收入净额１０９４亿元，与去年同期基本持平，其中：１０月份增长７．４％。全国重点百货零售业中，１－１０月累计销售收入净额４亿元以上的企业如下。     

2007年青海15个国家扶贫工作重点县农牧民收入快速增长

1-2月,全省财政收入继续保持了较快的增长,前两月全省财政收入累计完成25.4亿元,比上年同期增长31.9%,增收6.1亿元。其中:中央一般预算收入完成12.3亿元,增长22%,增收2.2亿元。地方一般预算收入完成13.1亿元,增长42.6%,增收3.9亿元。财政支出运行平稳,重点支出得到保证。截至2月底一般预算支出完成21.2亿元,增加支出     

民间投资：给经济插上腾飞的翅膀

１９９８年以来 ,在国家积极财政、货币政策的指导下 ,杭州市采取措施加大固定资产投资力度 ,使其全社会固定资产投资继１９９８年增长１９．９ %后 ,１９９９年又增长１９．７ % ,达４３５．４８亿元。其中 :国有单位投资２１５．８９亿元 ,增长１２．６ % ,占全社会投资比重为４９．６ % ;民间投资２１９．５９亿元 ,增长２７．９ % ,所占比重为５０．４ %。可见 ,在国有单位投资增速下滑的情况下 ,民间投资的较快增长支撑了杭州市全社会固定资产投资的增长 ,也说明杭州市启动民间投资的措施已初显成效。在前两年扩大投资的基础上 ,继续靠…     

积极财政政策工具的新选择

一、引言 自1998年以来,为了扩大内需,国家实施了积极的财政政策。实施积极财政政策的目标定位是,通过增发国债,增加政府投资支出,扩大有效需求,促进经济的增长。增发国债规模1998年为1000亿元,1999年为1100亿元,2000年为1500亿元,2001年为1500亿元,到2001年底累计增发长期建设国债5100亿元。从近几年的实践成果来看,增发国债,增加政府投资支出的积极财政政策基本达到了预期的目标,对宏观经济的调控取得了明显的效果。但是,目前我国的宏观经济形势尚不容乐观,政府在宏观经     

1999年江苏财政收入增长17.1%

１９９９年全省共完成财政总收入６７９．２７亿元,比上年同期增收９９．３７亿元,增长１７．１%。其中地方财政收入完成３８３．７３亿元,比上年同期增加７５．５３亿元,增长２４．５%;完成上划中央两税收入２９５．５４亿元,比上年同期增加２３．８４亿元,增长８．８%。...     

信息短波

１９９９年常州市经济发展目标基本实现●常州市统计局１９９９年 ,常州市国民经济总体保持由低向高、稳步加速态势 ,经济运行质量有所好转 ,基本实现了年初提出的预期目标。初步预测 ,全市国内生产总值为５３８ ９亿元 ,按可比价格计算 ,比上年增长１０ ４ %。其中第一产业增加值４４ ４亿元 ,增长３ ７ % ;第二产业增加值２９９ ７亿元 ,增长１１ ７ % ;第三产业增加值１９４ ８亿元 ,增长１０ ２ %。第三产业增加值占国内生产总值 (ＧＤＰ)的比重由１９９８年的３５ ８ %上升为３６ ２ %。全市人均国内生产总值１５８１５元 ,增长６ ６ %…     

农村生产资金现状及“八五”时期政策选择

一、农村生产资金供给与使用现状根据1990年农村基本情况调查资料分析,当前农村生产资金供给与使用的主要特征是:(一)生产资金总量高速增长1990年农村生产资金年末拥有或使用总额达8048亿元,比1989年增长20.2％。其中,固定资金为4879亿元,流动资金为3169亿元,分别比上年增长23.8％和16.5％。从生产资金隶属关系看,乡所有的为2659亿元,村组所有的为1574亿元,农户和联户所有的为3835亿元,分     

我国重点百货零售企业销售利润情况

１９９９年,国民经济呈现持续稳定发展的态势,市场商品销售稳中趋活,进入１０月份增速略有加快, １９９９年 １－１１月累计实现社会消费品零售总额 ２７７５１．７亿元,比上年同期增长６．７％。１９９９年１－１１月全国５５２家重点百货零售企业商品销售利润１０５．３亿元,比上年同期增长６．９％。商品销售利润在１１００万元以上的企业有１９２家。     

Methods for Studying Generalized Birthday and Coupon Collection Problems

In this paper, we consider generalizations of two classical probability problems: the birthday problem and the coupon collector's problem. These problems are discussed in terms of urn models and captured through generating functions. Some methods for the study of the problems are presented. Furthermore, we also formulate the generalized birthday and coupon collector's problems as the waiting time problems. In each case, numerical examples are given in order to illustrate the feasibility of our methods.     

Two Birthday Problems

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on two birthday problems which naturally follow from the most common birthday problems taught in statistics courses. The solutions to these new problems provide a good illustration of several combinatorial techniques.     

Conceptual and Statistical Problems in Identifying Thresholds of Effect for Materials Damage and Soiling

The Clean Air Act of 1970 anticipates the existence of nonzero threshold concentrations of pollutants below which no consequential materials damage or soiling results from exposure to pollution. Determination of quantitative values for such thresholds on the basis of available empirical evidence involves substantial practical problems, including conceptual problems relating to measurement and attribution of effects and statistical problems relating to data analysis and interpretation. It is essential to maintain a broad, yet focused perspective that systematically accounts for such problems when synthesizing and interpreting empirical evidence reported in different studies of the same hypothesized effect.     

Confidence sets as programming problems

Optimizing criteria for choosing a confidence set for a parameter are formulated as mathematical programming problems. The two optimizing criteria, probability of coverage and size of set, give rise to a pair of inverse programming problems. Several examples are worked out. The programming problems are then formulated to allow the incorporation of partial information about the parameter. By varying the family of prior distributions, a continuum of problems from the frequency approach to a Bayesian approach is obtained. Some examples are considered in which the family of priors contains more than one but not all prior distributions.     

Extension of the pool-adjacent-violators algorithm

The pool-adjacent-violators algorithm (PAVA) is an efficient algorithm which converges in a finite number of steps. However, it has been applicable so far only in isotonic regression with the simple order. This report extends its applicability to other quadratic programming problems, including certain one-sided multivariate testing problems and concave regression problems.     

Statistical methods in optimal curve fitting

Many optimal curve fitting and approximation problems have the same structure as certain estimation problems involving random processes. This structural correspondence has many useful consequences for curve fitting problems, including recursive algorithms and computable error bounds. The basic facts of this correspondence are reviewed and some new results on error bounds and optimal sampling are presented.     

Optimal stopping for Brownian motion with applications to sequential analysis and option pricing

Herman Chernoff made fundamental contributions to analytical and computational methods for solving optimal stopping problems for Brownian motion. He also showed how these optimal stopping problems are closely related to some basic problems in sequential analysis and singular stochastic control. This paper gives a survey of these and related developments and describes some recent applications to option valuation in financial economics.     

Geometric approaches to design of experiment

Lagrangian duality theory is used to relate problems of D-optimal design of experiments to covering problems involving ellipsoids and ellipsoidal cylinders. The possibility of generalisation of the results to other optimality criteria is discussed. The covering ellipsoids find application in some robust estimation activities and there are links with the operational research problems of optimal location of facilities. The possibility of exact computation of the covering ellipsoids is investigated.     

A general lower bound of minimax risk for absolute-error loss

A general lower bound of minimax risk for absolute-error loss is given in terms of the Hellinger modulus of the estimation problem. The main results are applicable to various parametric, semi-parametric and nonparametric problems. Two examples of parametric estimation problems and two examples of density estimation problems are given. In all of these examples, the general lower bound achieves the convergence rates of minimax risk.     

变点统计分析的研究进展

In this paper, we review the progresses of change-point problems. In particular, we discuss the research results about change-point problems in China.