怎样才能不把罢工看得太敏感

近日。深圳总工会副主席王同信一语醒世：不要把罢工看得太敏感。王同信的话显然有针对性，近期，深圳就接连发生两起罢工事件：深圳福田区一家港资电子厂的工人，因不愿随厂搬迁，离职又对厂方工资补偿不满意，于是以“打卡不干活”抗议。之后，盐田港国际码头公司的工人要求提高待遇并建立工会，未果后300多吊车司机采取行动，致使上万货柜滞留。两次事件，工会都如局外人般，和政府部门一起奉命“介入协调”。而媒体报道也以“打卡不干活”、“停工”的模糊语言，来回避罢工的性质。     

地方党委政府应重视加强智库建设

地方党委政府要使本地区工作走在前列,就要加强地方智库建设,充分发挥地方智库的智力支撑作用。地方党委政府加强智库建设,是贯彻落实中央关于智库建设指示的重要举措,是推进社会主义民主政治建设的必然要求,可以减少决策失误率,能够促进经济社会又好又快发展。当前地方智库建设中存在着整体力量薄弱、效率低下、县区智库发展滞后、政策研究与决策咨询"两张皮"等问题。地方党委政府要从整合各类决策咨询资源、充分发挥"官方智库"作用、提升"高校智库"建设水平、推动"民间智库"发展等方面加强智库建设。     

基于胜任素质模型的地方政府领导选举机制分析

胜任素质模型是建立科学的人才评价与使用机制的前提与基础。本文通过对地方政府领导选举机制的现状分析,揭示当前地方政府领导选举机制运行的缺陷和弊端,并试图通过地方政府领导模型的建构,对地方政府领导选举机制提出参考性政策建议。     

地方政府加快推进产学研合作研究

产学研结合在地方企业和地方科研单位之间开展的异常活跃。为此本文对地方政府在这些产学研结合中所起的作用进行了必要的研究。而且在这样的基础上还对当前政府在推动产学研结合中存在的问题进行了归纳梳理,以此为据提出了相关的解决对策。     

新体制背景下党委决策的科学化与民主化

地方党委换届后全面推行的常委分工负责制,是在新的历史条件下对现有地方党委领导体制和工作机制的重大改革,是促进地方党委领导体制科学化、民主化的重大举措。如何适应这一新的工作格局,积极推进换届后地方党委决策的科学化、民主化,是当前亟待研究解决的一个重要而又现实的课题。     

跨界水资源冲突中地方保护主义行为的演化博弈分析

通过分析我国跨界水资源冲突的特点,建立了跨界水资源冲突事件中地方保护主义行为的演化博弈数理模型,研究了地方政府部门在冲突的不同阶段与己方冲突群体、对方地方政府部门和中央政府博弈的策略选择。理论研究表明:(1)地方政府不会在跨界水资源冲突事件中有效发挥强互惠者的角色功能,在处理己方冲突群体的行动中,地方政府会选择"纵容"策略,导致跨界水资源冲突事态扩大化;(2)由于地方保护主义思想的存在,依靠地方政府之间的协商无法解决跨界水资源冲突,导致跨界水资源冲突事态久拖不决,必须中央政府的强制介入;(3)无论地方政府采取什么策略,中央政府的占优策略均为强制干预,此时,地方政府采取不合作策略的得益总是小于合作策略,则中央政府与地方政府博弈的演化稳定策略为(强制干预,合作),从而跨界水资源冲突得以解决。最后结合数值仿真分析,得到如下研究结论:依靠地方政府无法解决跨界水资源冲突,强互惠中央政府的管制是破解这一难题的必由之路。     

政府“减副”面面观

改革开放以来，我国政府机构改革已进行了多次，但各地领导职数配备，特别是地方政府副市长、助理、副秘书长的职数配备，却一直反反复复，有的严重超标，长期得不到解决。     

地方政府债券发行额度的优化配置研究

地方政府债券"自发自还"模式虽然可以有效解决以往模式发行主体和偿债主体的不一致性,但高层级地方政府在分配债券资源时仍然面临着较大的信息不对称和道德风险。本文依据结构化模型及契约理论,从高层级地方政府的角度构建了地方政府债券发行额度的分配决策模型。在效益风险合理搭配的框架下,通过使用遗传算法对双重目标进行加权,分析了省级政府与地（市）级政府之间的债券优化配置方案。研究结果表明,基于经济社会效益最大化和政府债券违约概率最小化等多目标优化求解,可以实现政府债券资源分配的帕累托改进。这对于地方政府债务风险显性化和政府债券合理配置研究将大有裨益,从而有利于科学管控我国日益严峻的地方政府债务风险。     

效率规范制衡——地方党委领导体制和工作机制的改革方向

按照中央的统一要求,从2006年至2007年,全国省、市、县、乡四级地方党委将全部完成换届工作。随着减少党委副书记职数、取消书记办公会、实行常委分工负责制等新举措的实施,地方党委领导体制和工作机制也将发生很大变化。认清领导体制和工作机制的改革趋势,对于各级地方党委适应新形势,研究新情况,解决新问题,实现党的领导和执政方式的转变,提高党的执政能力尤为重要。     

地方政府应对网络舆情事件的偏差与对策

身处网络信息时代,突发事件频发,随着网络媒介的深度介入,一些地方政府在应对网络舆情事件方面,往往存在思想认识不到位、应对体制机制不健全、应对时效滞后、综合应对能力不足等方面的偏差。有鉴于此,本文试图就地方政府在网络舆情事件应对的体制机制建设、应急预案制定、网络舆情引导、网络技术监控、网络舆情应对的责任追究等方面提出相关对策建议,以期完善网上网下综合防控体系,提升地方政府应对网络舆情事件的综合能力。     

Stress, the press, the baby and the bathwater

The most important service rendered by the press is that of educating people to approach printed matter with distrust.

Samuel Butler, 1835-1902 English novelist and satirist     

Trust, the Asymmetry Principle, and the Role of Prior Beliefs

Within the risk literature there is an ongoing debate on whether trust is vulnerable or enduring. Previous research on nuclear energy by Slovic in 1993 has shown that negative events have much greater impact on self-reported trust than do positive events. Slovic attributes this to the asymmetry principle: specifically, that trust is much easier to destroy than to create. In a questionnaire survey concerning genetically modified (GM) food in Britain (n= 396) we similarly find that negative events have a greater impact on trust than positive events. Because public opinion in Britain is skewed in the direction of opposition toward GM food, the pattern of results could either be caused by the fact that negative information is more informative than positive information (a negativity bias) or reflect the influence of people's prior attitudes toward the issue (a confirmatory bias). The results were largely in line with the confirmatory bias hypothesis: participants with clear positive or negative beliefs interpreted events in line with their existing attitude position. However, for participants with intermediate attitudes, negative items still had greater impact than the positive. This latter finding suggests that, congruent with the negativity bias hypothesis, negative information may still be more informative than positive information for undecided people. The study also identified the labeling of GM products, consulting the public, making biotechnology companies liable for any damage, and making a test available to detect GM produce as being particularly important preconditions for maintaining trust in the regulation of agricultural biotechnology.     

Equity, Efficiency, Uncertainty, and the Mitigation of Global Climate Change

Policies to mitigate potential damages from global climate change impose costs on the current generation to provide benefits to future generations. This article examines how comparisons among three stylized policies-business-as-usual, mitigation of climate change, and compensation for climate damages-depend on social preferences with respect to risk and intertemporal equity. Also examined is the opportunity-cost criterion, which asserts that mitigation should not be chosen if its net present value is smaller than that of business-as-usual. Analysis reveals that the discount factor used to evaluate whether mitigation satisfies this criterion depends on preferences regarding risk and intertemporal inequality of consumption, and on the risk of the compensation policy. Risk aversion favors mitigation over business-as-usual. If society is neutral to inequality, risk aversion disfavors compensation, but if society is inequality averse, the effect of risk aversion on preferences between compensation and business-as-usual is ambiguous. Inequality aversion tends to favor business-as-usual over both alternative policies provided that, roughly speaking, the anticipated future improvements in welfare exceed the anticipated climate damages.     

HRD,the science of the artificial

Innovation is the bedrock of organizational and national competitiveness across the globe. Leaders of research and development (R&D) teams have an especially important role to play given their direct influence on leading, organizing, rallying, and managing the operations of innovative tasks. However, when it comes to how leaders influence R&D innovation in different contexts, researchers' opinions diverge. This study explores leadership characteristics and their contextual contingencies, using the approach of a multiple case study. This paper is situated in the stream of research focusing on the interactions of leadership and contextual factors in innovation. We collected qualitative data from four highly innovative teams residing in two national laboratories in the US. The results suggest that while leadership demonstrates similarities across the four teams – a simultaneous focus on the internal and external domains, it also displays different characteristics in teams that differ on three contextual factors: funding model, nature of tasks, and team structure. Theoretical and practical implications are drawn.     

Place, Culture, and the Social Amplification of Risk

This article investigates the role of culture in the social production of risks and risk communication surrounding industrial development in a region located at a rural-urban interface. A case study examined a public consultation that was undertaken to inform local residents about an eco-industrial development proposal being planned near Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. The research employed the social amplification of risk framework (SARF) to examine the relationships among culture, place, and socially constructed risk. A total of 44 in-depth, semi-structured interviews were carried out with 33 landowners (farmers, acreage owners), public officials (municipal politicians, administrators), journalists, and industry representatives. Analysis revealed that risk communication occurred in relation to situated experiences of place that were based on conflicting cultural worldviews. The research shows that place is a useful component of the SARF, providing a spatial explanation for why some people amplify, and others attenuate, risks in locally contentious environmental debates.     

Education,Matching, and the Allocative Value of Romance

Societies are characterized by customs governing the allocation of non‐market goods such as marital partnerships. We explore how such customs affect the educational investment decisions of young singles and the subsequent joint labor supply decisions of partnered couples. We consider two separate matching paradigms—one where partners marry for money and the other where partners marry for romantic reasons orthogonal to productivity or debt. Whereas marrying for money generates greater investment efficiency, romantic matching, by increasing the number of educated and talented women who participate in the labour market, increases aggregate productivity. (JEL: I21, J12, J16, J41)