Change Management Study of Horticulture 2015 — Conditions and Success Factors

The increasing organizational size, as a result of the industry's structural change, is leading to crises in German horticultural companies. Therefore, the present study examines the causes of fundamental change processes in horticultural companies, indicates the overriding trends and identifies the success factors of change initiatives. For this purpose, over 150 decision-makers with over 10 years’ experience in their respective organization were surveyed from May to December 2014. The megatrends are environmental issues, changed consumer behavior, resource shortages and the labor market. Currently, the reasons for change lie in a changing market strategy/sales approach, business succession and submission and external changes in the legal conditions. Among the most difficult problems occurring in the implementation of change processes are low willingness to take responsibility, interest and goal conflicts of the involved organization's members and a sacrifice of long-term actions for short-term profit improvements. The most important success factors of change processes include realistic, clear visions/goals and their communication, team spirit and motivation and a coordinated chronological procedure. Six factors of the psychological level of the change success are presented. The results of the study can help to recommend a design for change processes in companies within horticultural manufacturing.     

KI: The ‘Fervor of Vitality’ and the Subjective Self

Curiously, in the word ki, we find that the Japanese have internalized physical energy into a felt-feeling (e.g., a sense of vital potency and aliveness), thereby significantly expanding the substance of the T phase of the self. Of conceptual interest here is that in the word ki—used as a root word to indicate and connect elementary feelings and thought processes—the Japanese have reified ‘energy’ into a subjective entity that moves the individual to become both activator and respondent of interactional processes. The general awareness of ki by the people themselves is evidenced in various facets of their personal consensual life—from socialization practices to formal presentation. In closing, the author attempts to link ki to Mead's ‘impulse’ concludes that (a) ki is more substantive and active than ‘impulse’ in the movement of the social act; and (b) in contrast to that of Mead, the Japanese model provides an explicit conceptual demonstration of the substantive role of the ‘I’ as well as affective elements in social interaction.     

Rethinking industrial citizenship: the role and meaning of work in an age of austerity

T. H. Marshall in his famous tract Citizenship and Social Class wrote briefly about what he called ‘industrial citizenship’, a type of belonging rooted in the workplace. Here Marshall's ideas are developed alongside a consideration of Durkheim's Professional Ethics and Civic Morals together with research material from the Guinness Company. It shows the way the Company actively sought to create ‘Guinness citizenship’ within its London brewery. The article draws out the ways in which the significance and potential of work based citizenship for ameliorating the ills of industrial society are clearly articulated in mid‐twentieth century Britain and echo earlier neglected Durkheimian sociological ideas on work. These ideas have real potential to inform contemporary academic and policy debates about the nature of capitalism and the form and content of work now and in the future.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: Faces of Feminism: A Study of Feminism as a Social Movement, Olive Banks Small Entrepreneurs in Changing Europe: Towards a Research Agenda, Jeremy Boissevan The Entrepreneurial Middle Class, Richard Scase and Robert Goffee The Logic of Social Action. An Introduction to Sociological Analysis, Raymond Boudon The Unintended Consequences of Social Action, Raymond Boudon Thinking Photography, Victor Burgin (ed.) The Politics of Pop Festivals, Michael Clarke One For the Money: Politics and Popular Song, Dave Harker Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defence, G. A. Cohen Cooking, Cuisine and Class, Jack Goody The German Social Democratic Party, W. L. Guttsman The Creation of World Poverty, An Alternative View to the Brandt Report, Teresa Hayter The Bureaucratic Leviathan–A Study in the Sociology of Communism, Maria Hirszowicz Culture and Society in Contemporary Europe: A Casebook, S. Hoffman and P. Kitromiledes (eds) Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Towards an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, Karin Knorr-Cetina and Aaron Cicourel, (eds) Johnsonville: Continuity and Change in a New Zealand Township, David Pearson An Island Polity: the archaeology of exploitation in Melos, Colin Renfrew and Malcolm Wagstaff (eds) On Becoming a Rock Musician, H. Stith Bennet The Population History of England 1541–1871: A Reconstruction E. A. Wrigley and R. S. Schofield Policing the City, Rob Mawby Frames of Meaning: The Social Construction of Extraordinary Science, H.M. Collins and T.J. Pinch Field Research: A Sourcebook and Field Manual, Ed. Robert G. Burgess The History of Marxism: vol I, Marxism in Marx's Day, Ed. E. J. Hobsbawm Modern Interpretations of Marx, Tom Bottomore Ed. Hooligans or Rebels? An Oral History of Working-Class Childhood and Youth 1889–1939, Stephen Humphries Housing and Identity – cross-cultural Perspectives Ed. James S. Duncan.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: The American Occupational Structure by Peter M. Blau and Otis Dudley Duncan Social Work with the Mentally Subnormal by F. Joan Todd The State oj Psychiatry by Aubrey Lewis Inquiries in Psychiatry by Aubrey Lewis The Oldest Profession: A History of Prostitution by Lujo Basscrraann The Computer and the Clerk by Enid Mutnford and Olive Banks Working with Unattached Yoiith: Problem, Approach, Method by George W. Goetschius and M. Joan Tash The Sharing of Power in a Psychiatric Hospital by R. Rubenstein and H. D. Lasswell Adopted Children: How They Grow Up by Alexina McWhinnie Law, Morality and Religion in a Secular Society by Basil Mitchell Voprosy Filosofii (Questions of Philosophy), Monthly Review published by the Academy of Sciences of the USSR The Sociology of Religion: A Study of Chnstendom, Vol. III. The Universal Church by Werner Stark The Myth of the Machine: Technics and Human Development by Lewis Mumford Sovet Sociology, Historical Antecedants and Current Appraisals, ed. with an introduction by Alex Simirenko Catholic Action in Italy: The Sociology of a Sponsored Organization by Gianfranco Poggi Themes in Economic Anthropology edited by R. Firth Eighteenth-Century Optimism: A Study of the Interrelations of Moral and Social Theory in English and French Thought between 1986 and 1987 by Charles Vereker     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Social Relations in a Secondary School by D. H. Hargreaves A Sociology of English Religion by David Martin Roleplaying in Psychotherapy: a Manual by Raymond J. Corsini and Samuel Cardone Political Systems: Some Sociological Approaches by H. V. Wiseman A Social Geography of Zambia by George Kay The Changing Social Structure of England and Wales 1871–1961 by David C. Marsh Group Conflict and Co-operation: Their Social Psychology by Muzafer Sherif Approaches to Cross-Cultural Psychiatry edited by Jane M. Murphy and Alexander H. Leighton Communities in Britain: Sodal Life in Town and Country by Ronald Frankenberg Mental Health and Contemporary Thought edited by Kenneth Soddy and Robert H. Ahrenfeldt Supervision in Sodal Work by Dorothy E. Pettes Psychological Needs and Cultural Systems: A Case Study by Joel Aronofif Education and Social Work edited by F. H. Pedley The Lazy South by David Bertelson The Political Economy of Slavery by E. D. Genovese Intelligible Fields in the Social Sciences by C. A. O. von Nieuwenhuijze Passing On: The Social Organization of Dying by David Sudnow Dilemmas of Social Reform: Poverty and Community Action in the United States by Peter Marris and Martin Rein Poverty in Canada and the United States by Benjamin Schlesinger The Govemment of Associations: Selections from the Behavioral Sciences edited by W. A. Glaser and D. L. Sills Wages and Work Allocation: A Study of Social Relations in a Garment Workshop by Sheila Cunnison The Origins of Modem Town Planning by L. Benevolo Basic Thinking in Regional Planning by F. B. Gillie Land and People by D. R. Denman and others The City Region in Western Europe by R. E. Dickinson Kinship and Casework by Hope Jensen Leichter and William Mitchell     

Aggregation of smooth preferences

Suppose p is a smooth preference profile (for a society, N) belonging to a domain P ^N . Let σ be a voting rule, and σ(p)(x) be the set of alternatives in the space, W, which is preferred to x. The equilibrium E(σ(p)) is the set {x∈W:σ(p)(x) is empty}. A sufficient condition for existence of E(σ(p)) when p is convex is that a “dual”, or generalized gradient, dσ(p)(x), is non-empty at all x. Under certain conditions the dual “field”, dσ(p), admits a “social gradient field”Γ(p). Γ is called an “aggregator” on the domain P ^N if Γ is continuous for all p in P ^N . It is shown here that the “minmax” voting rule, σ, admits an aggregator when P ^N is the set of smooth, convex preference profiles (on a compact, convex topological vector space, W) and P ^N is endowed with a C ¹-topology. An aggregator can also be constructed on a domain of smooth, non-convex preferences when W is the compact interval. The construction of an aggregator for a general political economy is also discussed. Some remarks are addressed to the relationship between these results and the Chichilnisky-Heal theorem on the non-existence of a preference aggregator when P ^N is not contractible. Received: 4 July 1995 / Accepted: 26 August 1996     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books review in this article: Emile Durkheim by Robert Bierstedt Ideology and Crime: A Study of Crime in its Social and Historical Context by Leon Radzinowicz Crime and its Correction: An International Survey of Attitudes and Practices by John P. Conrad The Delinquent Solution by D. M. Dowries Comparative Criminology, A Text Book by H. Mannheim Borstal Reassessed by Roger Hood Theories of Primitive Religion by E. E. Evans-Pritchard The Relevance of Models for Social Anthropology edited by Michael Banton Political Systems and the Distribution of Power edited by Michael Banton Urbanisation and Migration in West Africa edited by Hilda Kuper Mental Health in a Changing World. Volume I of a Report of an International Study Group convened by the World Federation for Mental Health. Edited by Kenneth Soddy and Robert H. Ahrenfeldt Professional Employees by Kenneth Prandy The Elite in the Welfare State by Piet Thoenes, edited by J. A. Banks The Hidden Society by Vilhelm Aubert Social Sciences at Harvard, 1860-1920; from Inculcation to the Open Mind edited, with a preface, by Paul Buck The Protestant Establishment by E. Digby Baltzell     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book reviewed in this article: Development and Social Change in Yugoslavia: Crises and Perspec-tives of Building a Nation by Peter Jambrek. The Family: Its Structures and Functions edited by Rose L. Coser. Prisoners of Society: Attitudes and Aftercare by Martin Davies. Class, Codes and Control, Volume 3, Towards a Theory of Educational Transmissions by Basil Bernstein. Leisure and the Family Life Cycle by Rhona Rapoport and Robert N. Rapoport. Agrarian Reform and Agrarian Reformism: Studies of Peru, Chile, China and India edited by David Lehmann. Sociological Theory: Uses and Unities by Stephen Mennell. Central Ideas in Sociology by David Berry. Hidden Myth by V. L. Leymore. Education, Eqitality and Society, edited by Bryan R. Wikon. British Political Sociology Yearbook, Vol. II; The Politics of Race edited by Ivor Crewe. The Savage in Literature by Brian V. Street. Industrial Behcaiiour: Theoretical Development since Taylor by Michael Rose. Race and Labour in London Transport by D. Brooks. Image and Influence: Studies in the Sociology of Film by Andrew Tudor. The Origins of the Liberal Welfare Reforms by J. R. Hay. Regulating the Poor by F. F. Piven and R. A. Cloward. Law and State: The Case of Northern Ireland by K. Boyle, T. Hadden and P. Hillyard. Lives of Labour: Work in a Maturing Industrial Society by Peter N. Steams. Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge by Paid Feyerabend. Evidence and Explanation in Social Science by Gerald Studdert-Kennedy. Worker' Participation in Industry by M. Poole. The Sociology of Entile Durkheim by Robert A. Nisbet. Form and Content in Industrial Democracy by F. E. Emery and Einar Thorsrud. The Development of the West of Scotland: 1750–1960 by Anthony Slaven. Hermeneutic Philosophy and the Sociology of Art: An Approach to Some of the Epistemologicd Problems of the Sociology of Knowledge and the Sociology of Art by Janet Wolff. People on the Move edited by Leszek A. Kosinsid and R. Mansell Prothero.     

Generational Sexualities,Subterranean Traditions,and the Hauntings of the Sexual World: Some Preliminary Remarks

In this article I argue that generation is a relatively neglected concept for thinking about both the social and the sexual, and that symbolic interactionism has much to offer in developing our understanding of this idea. Using both personal experience and the wide‐ranging literature on sexualities, I explore the role of synchronic and diachronic time in organizing both the flow of sexual lives and the hierarchy of age‐sexual orders. The core organizing concepts are those of generational sexualities and subterranean traditions; the approach is seen to provide a further complication to standpoint, queer, and intersectionality theory. The core of the article suggests an array of sensitizing concepts and research areas that might sharpen future analyses. Schematic and exploratory, the article draws from a wide range of examples. Careful the things you say, Careful the tale you tell, Children will listen. Stephen Sondheim, Into the Woods (1986) Reality exists in a present … we look forward with vivid interest to the reconstruction, in the world that will be, of the world that has been for we realize that the world that will be cannot differ from the world that is without rewriting the past to which we now look back. George Herbert Mead, The Philosophy of the Present (1932) Generations are in a constant state of interaction. Karl Mannheim, Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge (1997) How long is a man's life, finally? A thousand days or only one? One week or a few centuries? How long does a man's death last? And what do we mean when we say, “gone forever”? Brian Patten, “So Many Different Lengths of Time,” Selected Poems (2007) To study social life one must confront the ghostly aspects of it. Avery Gordon, Ghostly Matters (1997)     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article: Modelling the World: The Social Constructions of Systems Analysis Brian P. Bloomfield. Max Weber, Rationality and Modernity S. Whimster and S. Lash (eds). The Recent Work of Jürgen Habermas. Reason, Justice and Modernity Stephen K. White. Culture, Identity and Politics Ernest Gellner. Which Socialism? Marxism, Socialism and Democracy Noberto Bobbio. Culture, Identity and Politics Ernest Gellner. Which Socialism? Marxism, Socialism and Democracy Noberto Bobbio. The End of Organized Capitalism Scott Lash and John Urry. The Control Revolution: Technological and Economic Origins of the Information Society James R. Beninger. Transcarceration: Essays in the Sociology of Social Control J. Lowman, R. J. Menzies, T. S. Palys. The Police: Powers, Procedures and Proprieties John Benyon and Colin Bourn, (eds). Anthropological Studies of Religion: An Introductory Text Brian Morris. The Social History of Religion in Scotland since 1730 Callum G. Brown. Jews, Antisemitism and Culture in Vienna Ivar Oxaal, Michael Pollak and Gerhard Botz (eds). The Science Question in Feminism Sandra Harding. Gender, Culture and Empire: European Women in Colonial Nigeria Helen Callaway. Women's Occupational Mobility Shirley Dex. Occupations of the People of Great Britain 1801–1981 (with a compendium of a paper by Charles Booth), Guy Routh. Occupations of the People of Great Britain 1801–1981 (with a compendium of a paper by Charles Booth), Guy Routh. Voices of the People, The Social Life of ‘La Sociale’ at the end of the Second Empire Adrian Rifkin and Roger Thomas (eds), translated by John Moore. Business and Politics in Britain Wyn Grant with Jane Sargent. Education, Unemployment and Labour Markets P. Brown and D. N. Ashton, (eds). Rethinking Welfare B. Jordan.     

A note on “Banks winners in tournaments are difficult to recognize” by G. J. Woeginger

Given a tournament T, a Banks winner of T is the first vertex of any maximal (with respect to inclusion) transitive subtournament of T. While Woeginger shows that recognizing whether a given vertex of T is a Banks winner is NP-complete, the computation of a Banks winner of T is polynomial, and more precisely linear with respect to the size of T.The article of G.J. Woeginger appeared in Soc Choice Welfare 20: 523–528 (2003)     

A Note on the Separability Principle in Economies with Single-Peaked Preferences

We consider the problem of allocating an infinitely divisible commodity among a group of agents with single-peaked preferences. A rule that has played a central role in the analysis of the problem is the so-called uniform rule. Chun (2001) proves that the uniform rule is the only rule satisfying Pareto optimality, no-envy, separability, and Ω-continuity. We obtain an alternative characterization by using a weak replication-invariance condition, called duplication-invariance, instead of Ω-continuity. Furthermore, we prove that the equal division lower bound and separability imply no-envy. Using this result, we strengthen one of Chun’s (2001) characterizations of the uniform rule by showing that the uniform rule is the only rule satisfying Pareto optimality, the equal division lower bound, separability, and either Ω-continuity or duplication-invariance.     

A theory of prudential values and a rule utilitarian theory of morality

Ethics can be divided into a theory of prudential values and a theory of morality in a narrower sense. My paper proposes a utilitarian — a rule-utilitarian — theory of morality. But it deviates from most of the utilitarian tradition by rejecting the hedonistic and subjectivistic accounts of prudential values favored by many utilitarian writers. While economists tend to define people's utility levels in terms of their actual preferences, ethics must define them in terms of their informed preferences. To prefer A over B does not mean to have a stronger desire for A than for B. Rather, it means to regard one's access to A as being more important than one's access to B. Even though different people often have quite different preferences, their basic desires seem to be much the same. We must choose our moral rules, and our society's moral code as a whole, by their social utility. An important factor in determining their social utility are their expectation effects. Unlike the rule — utilitarian more code, the act — utilitarian moral code would be unable to give proper weight to these expectation effects. It would also unduly restrict our individual freedom. Finally, I shall argue against Kant that morality is primarily a servant of many other human values rather than itself the highest value of human life.     

The Changing Catholicism in Poland

Abstract

When Slavic first began to be studied, it was noticed that several common Indo-European (IE) roots appeared to be lacking, one of which is conventionally believed to be IE *k’uō(n)/k’un- ‘dog.’ Recently, however, it has been the subject of two papers, relating it respectively to Slavic *pьsъ (Hamp 1980), and Slavic *zvon- (Holzer 1991). Hamp proposes that IE *k’uō(n)/k’un- is, in fact, originally derived from IE *pek’u-‘cattle.’ According to such a reconstruction, *k’uō(n)/k’un- would be derived from *pk’uō(n)/pk’un-, a zero-grade of *pek’u-ō(n)/pek’un-, with little semantic difficulty. Meanwhile, Holzer presents a fairly convincing case for a root *zvo-/zvon- ‘dog’ in Common Slavic (< IE *k’uō(n)/k’un-), where the voicing in the initial *z- may be treated as the result of borrowing within his Temematisch framework (< *svo- dog, cf. Lithuanian ?uo - id.). The root *zvon- in Slavic is normally associated with sounds, especially ringing. Holzer includes a comprehensive survey of the semantic issues. Hamp and Holzer are by no means mutually exclusive. Coming down firmly on the side of one or the other is difficult; my own preference would be for a theory that would incorporate them both. Such a theory is developed in this paper.     

Book reviews

Book reviewed in this articles: Sociology: The State of the Art Tom Bottomore, Stefan Nowak and Magdalena Sokolowska (eds) A Treatise on Social Theory, Volume 1: The Methodology of Theory W.G. Runciman Contemporary Political Philosophy: Radical Studies Keith Graham (ed.) Capital and Politics Roger King (ed.) Supremaey and Subordination of Labour: The Hierarehy of Work in the Early Labour Movement Mike Holbrook-Jones The Development of the Labour Process in Capitalist Societies: A Comparative Study of the Transformation of Work Organisation in Britain, Japan and the USA Craig R. Littler Blue-Collar Workers and Politics: A French Paradox Richard A. DeAngelis Contemporary French Political Parties David S. Bell (ed.) The Family and Industrial Society C.C. Harris White-Collar Work K. Prandy, A. Stewart and R.M. Blackburn Industrial Relations in Britain G.S. Bain (ed.) Women in Control: Dilemmas of a Workers Co-operative Judy Wajeman An Economic History of Women in America Julie A. Matthaei Racial and Ethnic Competition Michael Banton Labour and Raeism Annie Phizacklea and Robert Miles Racism and Migrant Labour Robert Miles Contemporary Education Policy John Ahier and Michael Flude (eds) Solidarity: The Analysis of a Social Movement: Poland 1980–1981 Alain Touraine, François Dubet, Michel Wievorka, Jan Strzelcki The Rites of Rulers Christel Lane Political Anatomy of the Body: Medical Knowledge in Britain in the Twentieth Century David Armstrong Class, Sports, and Social Development Richard Gruneau Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word Walter J. Ong From Author to Reader Peter H. Mann     

Minimal covering set solutions

We study necessary and sufficient conditions for a multi-valued solution S to be rationalized in the following sense: there exists a complete asymmetric relation T (a tournament) such that, for each feasible (finite) set, the solution set of S coincides with the minimal covering set of T restricted to that feasible set. Our characterization result relies only on properties relating S across feasible choice sets.