共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 835 毫秒
1.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
相似文献
Allan WürtzEmail: |
2.
We estimate models of employment an earnings for a sample of white and non-white male immigrants drawn from the Labour Force
Survey between 1993 and 2004. Immigrants who arrived to enter the labour market (labour market entrants) are distinguished
from those who arrived to complete their education (education entrants). Diverse patterns of labour market assimilation are
found depending on ethnicity and immigrant type. Amongst labour market entrants, whites do better than non-whites, whilst
amongst education entrants, highly qualified prime-age non-whites perform as well as their white counterparts. Relative to
white natives, labour market outcomes for all immigrant groups have a tendency to decline with age.
相似文献
Joanne LindleyEmail: |
3.
Vanessa Gash 《Social indicators research》2009,93(3):569-586
This paper examines the extent of and the mechanisms behind the penalty to motherhood in six European countries. Each country
provides different levels of support for maternal employment allowing us to determine institutional effects on labour market
outcome. While mothers tend to earn less than non-mothers, the penalty to motherhood is considerably lower in countries with
policy support for working mothers. The paper establishes the United Kingdom and West Germany to have the least policy support
for working mothers as well as the largest penalties to motherhood.
相似文献
Vanessa GashEmail: |
4.
Job loss and family adjustments in work and schooling during the Mexican peso crisis 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use individual data from a panel of families during the depth of the peso crisis in Mexico to investigate whether the transition
of the male household head from employment into unemployment affects the labor force participation of his spouse and children.
We find that significant added-worker effects are in operation especially for adult females (wives), but no evidence that
the labor force participation, the school attendance, and the likelihood of advancing to the next school grade of teenage
males are influenced by the event of unemployment of the household head. The head's unemployment is significantly associated
with a higher probability that teenage females do not attend school. However, lower attendance does not appear to impede their
advancement to the next grade.
相似文献
Susan W. ParkerEmail: |
5.
This paper studies natives’ economically motivated preferences over different levels of immigration of low-income earners. Immigration affects natives through both intra- and intergenerational redistribution programmes and in the labour market. Our analysis suggests, in a welfare state that looks after the poor and the aged, economic motivation does not necessarily lead a native to have an extreme opinion on the preferable level of immigration, although it causes disagreement among natives. We find, regardless of parameter values, high-income earners prefer at least as much immigration as low-income earners who, in turn, prefer at least as much immigration as pensioners. The median voter is then likely to be a low-income native.
相似文献
Yuji TamuraEmail: Fax: +44-24-76523032 |
6.
The effect of immigration on the labor market performance of native-born workers: some evidence for Spain 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
Raquel Carrasco Juan F. Jimeno A. Carolina Ortega 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):627-648
This paper provides an approximation to the labor market effects of immigrants in Spain, a country where labor market institutions
and immigration policy exhibit some peculiarities, during the second half of the 1990s, the period in which immigration flows
accelerated. By using alternative data sets, we estimate both the impact of legal and total immigration flows on the employment
rates and wages of native workers, accounting for the possible occupational and geographical mobility of immigrants and native-born
workers. Using different samples and estimation procedures, we have not found a significant negative effect of immigration
on either the employment rates or wages of native workers.
相似文献
A. Carolina OrtegaEmail: |
7.
Helge Sanner 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):119-136
Existing theoretical literature fails to explain satisfactorily the differences between the pay of workers who are covered
by collective agreements and others who are not. This study aims at providing a model framework that is amenable to an analysis
of this issue. Our general-equilibrium approach integrates a dual labor market and a two-sector product market. The results
suggest that the so-called “union wage gap” is largely determined by the degree of centralization of the bargains and, to
a somewhat lesser extent, by the expenditure share of the unionized sector's goods.
相似文献
Helge SannerEmail: |
8.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
9.
Sibling similarities and economic inequality in the US 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
Bhashkar Mazumder 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(3):685-701
I use a new methodological approach and larger US samples than previous studies and estimate that the sibling correlation
across a range of economic outcomes is around 0.5. This suggests that half of economic inequality in the US can be attributed
to family and community influences. A comparison with noneconomic outcomes suggests that individual choices rather than a
simple mechanical relationship governs the intergenerational transmission of income. A decomposition of the sibling correlation
suggests that the acquisition of human capital is an important channel through which family background affects future success
but that noncognitive factors also play a role.
相似文献
Bhashkar MazumderEmail: |
10.
Deborah Cobb-Clark Marie D. Connolly Christopher Worswick 《Journal of population economics》2005,18(4):663-690
This paper examines post-migration investments in schooling and job search of immigrant families using new longitudinal data
for Australia. Higher education levels at the time of arrival are associated with a greater probability of enrolling in school
after migration. In households where the visa category would suggest that post-migration investments might be important, we
find higher rates of school enrolment and job search. Traditional gender roles appear to dictate which partner makes the investments
in formal schooling. However, labour market advantage, captured by principal applicant status, appears to dictate which partner
makes greater investments in job search.
相似文献
Christopher Worswick (Corresponding author)Email: |
11.
We present longitudinal survey data suggesting that the terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, changed attitudes
toward certain minorities in Sweden. This finding is consistent with results in previous studies. To investigate whether this
change in attitudes also affected the labor market situation of these minorities, we study unemployment exit around 9-11 using
detailed data on the entire Swedish working-age population. Contrary to what may be expected from many theories of labor market
discrimination, the time pattern of exits and entries for different ethnic groups, as well as difference-in-differences analyses,
shows no sign of increased discrimination toward these minorities. A possible explanation for this result is that employers
act rationally in their hiring decisions and do not respond to changes in attitudes toward immigrants as a group.
相似文献
Dan-Olof Rooth (Corresponding author)Email: |
12.
Black is not always black. Subtle distinctions in skin tone translate into significant differences in outcomes. Data on more
than 15,000 households interviewed during the 1860 US federal census exhibit sharp differences in wealth holdings between
white, mulatto, and black households in the urban South. We document these differences, investigate relationships between
wealth and recorded household characteristics, and decompose the wealth gaps to examine the returns to racial characteristics.
The analysis reveals a distinct racial hierarchy. Black wealth was only 20% of white wealth, but mulattoes held nearly 50%
of whites’ wealth. This advantage is consistent with colourism, the favouritism shown to those of lighter complexion.
相似文献
Christopher S. RuebeckEmail: |
13.
Empirical studies in the migration literature have shown that enclaves (networks) negatively affect the language proficiency
of migrants. Most of these studies do not address the choice of location as a function of language skills. Using data on Mexican
migration to the US, we show that migrants choose smaller networks as their English language proficiency improves.
相似文献
Ira N. Gang (Corresponding author)Email: |
14.
Daniela Andrén 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(2):227-238
Nowadays, with an increasingly aging population, an increasing proportion of the population on disability benefits, and an
implicitly lower level of economic output and foregone tax revenue, disability has become a major public policy issue in many
countries. Estimating both single risk and competing risks models on a Swedish longitudinal database, this study analyzes
the risk of exit from the labor market due to disability at a certain age, conditional on having remained in the labor force
until that age. The explanatory variables did not have identical coefficients across destination types. For example, the estimated
single risk model shows that a higher level of education decreased the hazard of exiting the labor market with a disability
pension, while the estimated competing risks model suggests that a higher level of education increased the hazard of exiting
with a partial disability pension, but it decreased the hazard of exiting with a full disability pension.
相似文献
Daniela AndrénEmail: |
15.
Asadul Islam 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):199-217
This paper examines the substitutability or complementarity between Canadian-born and immigrant workers. These are examined
by estimating a set of wage equations using a generalized Leontief production function. The paper finds that, in general,
there is no displacement of Canadian-born workers by immigrants. Recent immigrants affect the native-born positively, while
older immigrants are neither substitute nor complement for natives. However, the effects differ across industries. Overall,
the evidence that immigrants harm the opportunities of native-born workers is scant.
相似文献
Asadul IslamEmail: |
16.
How important is homeland education for refugees’ economic position in The Netherlands? 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
We use data on refugees admitted to The Netherlands that include registration of education in their homeland by immigration
officers. Such data are seldom available. We investigate the quality and reliability of the registrations and then use them
to assess effects on refugees’ economic position during the first 5 years after arrival. The most remarkable finding is the
absence of returns to higher education.
相似文献
Aslan ZorluEmail: |
17.
This study applies rich data from the 2000 Swiss census to investigate the patterns of intergenerational education transmission
for natives and second-generation immigrants. The level of secondary schooling attained by youth aged 17 is related to their
parents’ educational outcomes based on data on the entire Swiss population. Extending economic theories of child educational
attainment, we derive hypotheses regarding the patterns of intergenerational education transmission. The data yield substantial
heterogeneity in intergenerational transmission across population groups. Only a small share of this heterogeneity is explained
by the predictions of economic theory.
相似文献
Regina T. Riphahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
18.
A discrete choice model for labor supply and childcare 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A discrete choice model for labor supply and childcare for mothers of preschoolers is presented. The mothers are assumed to
make choices from a finite set of job possibilities and from a finite set of childcare options. Options in the markets for
childcare are characterized by opening hours, fees and quality attributes. Similarly, jobs are characterized by a fixed wage
rate, working hours and a number of variables related to job satisfaction. In the estimation of the model, we take into account
that the number of options available might vary across work/care combinations and that some mothers are rationed in the market
for care at day care centers. The model is employed to simulate the female labor supply effects of the Norwegian home care
allowance reform.
相似文献
Thor O. ThoresenEmail: |
19.
This paper discusses the question of whether or not the high incidence of poverty among immigrants in Norway persists even
after immigrants have been in the country for a long period, i.e. after they have had the opportunity to integrate and adapt
their skills to the expectations in their new home. While similar to traditional studies of wage assimilation, a study of
assimilation in relation to poverty propensity nevertheless measures something different than labor market assimilation, and
this represents the main innovation of this study. Analysis of assimilation with respect to poverty focuses on welfare for
the lower end of the income distribution and for all individuals, regardless of their relationship with the labor market.
It can therefore be seen to better reflect the degree to which immigrants as a whole are able to achieve at least the minimum
necessary to participate in the life of their new home and avoid difficulties later on.
相似文献
Rolf AabergeEmail: |
20.
Two major educational expansions in Taiwan have resulted in a remarkable improvement of human capital accumulation for the
last three decades, which is consistent with the long-run goal of education in improving individual well-being and international
competitiveness. This study focuses on the expansion of higher education starting from the late 1980s. As the number of higher-educated
workers entering the labor market each year has increased rapidly, this higher education expansion policy has encountered
some critiques from the public. Evidence shows that the incidence of over-educated workers in the labor market has been continuously
increasing after the expansion, which is considered to be a short-run problem from the policy. We also find that the overall
educational inequality drops sharply, which is mainly contributed by the within age group component after decomposing educational
inequality using the decomposable Theil index. Along with a larger increase in average schooling for women, a larger reduction
in educational inequality for women than for men implies women have benefited more than men from the policy and the educational
inequality between men and women is narrowing.
相似文献
Chun-Hung A. LinEmail: |